基于稳健Capon波束形成的阵形校正

由于受地形、海流和布放方法等的影响,声阵在布放后通常会偏离原定阵形。若直接利用原定阵形作方位估计,则各种高分辨方位估计算法的性能通常会退化甚至失效。因此,为了在实际中应用这些算法,必须对阵元的位置进行校正。RCB(Robust Capon Beamforming)是最近提出的一种稳健自适应波束形成算法,该算法直接对导向矢量进行估计,并用估计的导向矢量作波束形成,从而有效避免了因阵列流形失配而导致的算法性能下降。借用RCB的思想,提出一种新的阵形校正方法,该方法对导向矢量进行估计,然后用估计的导向矢量推导出阵元的位置。湖试结果表明了该校正方法的有效性。     

SAVSTMV波束形成算法研究

矢量阵常规波束形成(Vector array Conventional Beam Forming,VCBF)能够消除普通单线阵左右舷模糊现象,但VCBF波束宽度受到"瑞利限"的限制,不能分辨同一波束内的多个目标。矢量阵导向最小方差(Vector array STeered Minimum Variance,VSTMV)波束形成算法是一种宽带自适应波束形成算法,具有高分辨力和抗干扰性能。VSTMV波束形成直接在阵元域进行,计算量较大且稳健性差,不利于实时实现和应用。提出一种分子阵VSTMV波束形成算法(Sub-Array Vector array Steered Minimum Variance,SAVSTMV),可有效降低计算量,算法稳健性更强。通过理论研究和仿真计算,证明该算法比矢量阵常规波束形成算法具有更好的性能,有利于实际应用。     

矢量线列阵波束形成算法的左右舷分辨性能

研究矢量均匀线列阵波束形成算法的左右舷分辨性能。水听器可同步共点地测量声场的声压和质点振速,为一具有指向性的空间共点阵,从而能够解决单线阵声呐的目标左右舷模糊问题。文章分析了采用不同波束形成方法时矢量阵广义Cardiod处理和声强处理的目标左右舷分辨性能,并利用海试数据进行了验证。研究结果表明:自适应波束形成具有比常规波束形成更佳的左/右舷分辨性能,且对矢量阵处理而言,广义Cardioid处理更为稳健和实用。     

基于洛伦兹锥规划的声矢量阵宽容自适应波束形成

针对矢量阵Capon波束形成对阵列误差尤其敏感这一不足,提出了运用洛伦兹锥规划(LCP,Lorentz Cone Pro.gramming)实现导向矢量范数约束来提高波束形成鲁棒性的方法.鉴于矢量水听器声压分量和振速分量对阵列误差敏感程度不同的特点,采用了"双线约束"的策略.将范数约束波束形成转化为LCP形式,通过内点...     

矢量水听器线阵波束图

本文研究了矢量水听器均匀线阵的采用不同方式进行波束形成的波束图,并和声压阵相应的量进行了比较.结果表明,相对于声压阵,在不增加阵孔径的前提下,利用矢量水听器阵获得的波束主瓣更窄,旁瓣更低.利用声压和振速的联合处理,去除了声压线阵方位估计中的左右舷模糊.     

基于矢量水听器阵的恒定束宽波束形成器的原理与设计

摘要：在对水下目标进行探测识别的应用中，一般要求声纳系统具备在较宽频带内形成恒定束宽波束的能力：过去对声纳恒定束宽波束形成器的研究一直针对声压水听器阵，近来随着对矢量水听器认识的深入，开展基于矢量水听器阵的恒定束宽波束形成器研究越发变得必要。本文正是体现了作者在这一方面的阶段性研究成果。文中首先介绍了单个矢量水听器的指向特性，接着提出了矢量水听器阵宽带恒定束宽波束形成器的实现原理和设汁方法，并以均匀等间距线阵为例，给出了获得实现恒定束宽算法所需频域加权矩阵的步骤，之后又进一步给出了恒定束宽算法的频域实现流程，并通过计算机仿真验证了其有效性：     

一种适用于主动声呐的宽容STMV波束形成方法

在宽带条件下,由于快拍数的限制,宽容CAPON波束形成(RCB)不适用于主动声呐。因此借用RCB的思想,结合STMV提出一种适用于主动声呐的宽容STMV方法。该方法能够有效地避免由于阵型失配、阵元幅相特性不一致等原因导致的算法性能下降,并且不需要大量快拍数的支持,适用于主动声呐。仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种单矢量水听器通道增益一致性分析方法

单只矢量水听器通道增益一致性对空间谱估计结果有很大的影响。通过理论推导证明,当单矢量水听器声压通道增益不同于两路振速通道时,最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response, MVDR)算法空间谱谱峰变宽,并且可能产生伪峰;当一路振速通道增益不同于另外两路通道时,MVDR算法空间谱估计值与真实值存在偏差,且可能存在伪峰,仿真分析验证了理论推导的正确性。根据分析结果,结合通道增益一致性对多重信号分类(MultipleSignal Classification, MUSIC)算法的影响,提出了一种判断单矢量水听器各通道增益一致性的分析方法。     

基于AR谱的声矢量传感器阵的波束形成

1引言 水声信号处理中研究的对象是声场,基于传统的声压传感器阵的水声信号处理只拾取声场的声压,而具有方向敏感性的矢量传感器测得声压的同时,可以得到质点振速等矢量信号,即同时获得p,Vx,Vy,Vz四个关于目标信息的物理量.由于获得的关于声场信息量的增加,基于矢量传感器阵的定向精度必将得到改善[1].常规的波束形成法如Bartlett法,Capon法是一种非参数谱估计法,没有将信号的可用信息结合到估计中,本文将AR模型法引入声矢量阵信号处理,将信号的模型结合到谱估计算法中,获得了更精确,分辨率更高的谱估计.     

基于多普勒特征恢复的声矢量阵鲁棒自适应波束形成方法

在短快拍、信号导向矢量失配环境下,传统的自适应波束形成方法性能受到影响,对角加载技术是提高算法在复杂环境下性能鲁棒性的重要技术之一。针对水声环境和水声信号特点,提出一种基于声矢量阵的自适应波束形成方法。该方法利用水声信号的多普勒频率信息,在不同环境下自适应地选择最优对角加载因子,确定波束形成的权矢量,从而实现提取期望目标信号、抑制干扰和噪声的目的。无需任何用户参数,鲁棒性强、估计精度高。最后基于声矢量阵进行仿真实验,仿真结果证明了所提出的方法能够有效地获取目标信号,具有较好的抗干扰能力。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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