基于晶振偏移补偿的机械振动WSN同步累积误差抑制方法

针对采用连续高频采样时钟模数转换器(ADC)的机械振动无线传感器网络(WSN)节点存在同步累积误差的问题,提出了一种基于晶振偏移补偿的同步累积误差抑制方法。基于连续高频采样时钟ADC的WSN节点,分析了同步累积误差产生原因;采用周期性信标中的帧起始界定符(SFD)信号作为同步信息,通过定时器1捕获的SFD信号间隔与参考SFD信号间隔差值确定晶振偏移补偿值,根据采样时钟与采样频率关系计算定时器2补偿后计数溢出值,由定时器2输出连续精准的高频采样时钟,消除节点间采样间隔差异,抑制同步累积误差。实验结果表明:连续采集40 s,节点间最大同步误差为0.64μs;连续采集同一信号源25 s,节点间无明显相位误差,验证了该晶振偏移补偿方法抑制机械振动无线传感器网络同步累积误差的有效性。     

集群流媒体代理中主控制器选举和热切换协议研究

提出了一种适用于大规模流媒体应用的集群缓存代理体系结构,该结构包括由多个控制器构成的控制子系统和由一组内容存储器构成的分布式存储子系统.在控制子系统中设计了一种主控制器选举和热切换(MES)协议,并使用线性时序逻辑(MPTL)对MES协议进行了形式化描述,通过逻辑演算证明了该协议的一致性.MES协议功能完备,伸缩性强,实现简单,可提高系统的可靠性和扩展系统的存储容量和服务提供能力.     

数字音频系统中的字时钟同步方式

字时钟同步方式广泛运用于数字音频系统之中,为稳定系统的信号传输质量起到了极大的作用。基于字时钟同步方式的基本理论以及字时钟信号在数字音频系统中的传输方式,介绍了在音乐录音棚中如何应用字时钟信号发生器或系统中某一设备作为系统同步主机进行字时钟同步使系统稳定工作的实例。     

数字波形匹配的导航信号载波精密同步方法

导航信号质量评估中,为了避免中频采样下变频处理带来的非线性失真,采用微波直接采样信号.但是由于数据量庞大,传统的载波同步方法实现困难.针对这个问题,提出一种采用匹配滤波技术的载波精密同步方法.首先,用大步进量产生一系列初相不同的伪随机码调制本地波形,伪随机码与导航信号相同,对采样的导航信号进行匹配滤波,根据匹配滤波输出结果确定导航信号载波相位的粗估计值,进行载波粗剥离.然后进行导航信号的伪随机码同步,以载波相位粗估计值为中心,在一定范围内以更精细的步进量进行载波波形匹配,实现载波精密同步.最后对算法进行仿真,仿真结果表明提出算法实际可行,载波同步精度高,载波频率为L波段时,选择合适步长,同步误差可小于0.01弧度.     

具有统一时间标志的多路数据采集系统设计

在多路模拟量与数字量采集系统中,因数字量信号发送时间的随机性,无法得到周期性的数字量接收时间信息.本文提出了一种在同一时间坐标系下测试分析模拟量和数字量数据的设计方案,将ADC采样时钟作为同步时钟信号,在串口接收数据的空闲时间段内,利用FPGA将数字量数据与同步时钟信息进行混合编帧,使采集系统有了在同一时间域下的完整数据,并使用QuartusⅡ软件进行了仿真与分析.经实践应用,验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于铷原子振荡器的DDS精密时钟源设计

该文介绍了一种基于FE-5680A铷原子振荡器和DDS(直接数字频率合成)芯片AD9851的频率可调精密时钟源设计方案.阐述了高速铁路大系统测试环境下精密时钟信号对于各传感器网络之间同步的重要性,以及对后期数据处理、数据融合所起到的积极作用;详细说明了该时钟源的基本工作原理,并给出了时钟源系统的软硬件实现方法.实验调试结果表明各项指标均达到预期要求.     

基于数字接收机技术的RDSS通道零值测试方法

用于变频器群时延的测试方法不适合传输扩频信号的无线电测定业务(RDSS)通道零值测试;用示波器直接观察RDSS通道传输信号波形来实现零值测试的方法精度很差;本文提出方法采用数字接收机技术,用真实的RDSS信号作为测试信号,对RDSS通道输入和输出进行同步过采样,然后对采样后的输入和输出信号分别进行基于扩频相关的数字接收机处理,获取RDSS输入和输出数据中伪随机码起始点,最后根据采样周期、连接电缆、衰减器和功分器的时延,得到RDSS业务通道零值.分析和仿真结果表明:测试不确定度优于0.2ns,其准确性和测试精度也得到实验系统验证.     

全数字接收机码元同步中内插滤波的应用

在数字接收机中由于采用固定频综单元提供的采样时钟很难恰好在信号的最佳判决点进行采样,码间干扰严重。首先介绍采样和内插的基本理论,然后给出一种基于内插滤波器的高精度码元同步的方法及硬件实现结构。     

一种多通道高速数据采集精密同步设计方法

利用相位校准原理,通过自定义互连接口"ESBus"传送参考时钟和相位控制信号,结合一种由外部控制的主动同步调整方案,从硬件上实现系统间通道的精密同步.实验表明,同步精度达到100 ps级,使这种高速数据采集产品达到很高水平.     

基于信标时序补偿的机械振动无线传感器网络同步触发方法

针对无线传感器网络（WSN）在实现机械振动同步采集过程中,采集节点应该同时触发采集命令,同步触发误差应在一个采样周期内的要求,设计了一种基于信标时序补偿思想的WSN同步触发协议STBTC_P（the Synchronization Trigger protocol based on Beacon Timing Compensation）。协议基于IEEE 802.15.4协议标准开发多跳树状网络,以信标负载方式传输采集命令,在利用集中关联信标分配法避免信标冲突并实现全网时钟同步后,采用基于信标时序补偿思想的同步触发方法实现机械振动采集命令的多跳同步触发,为最终提高机械振动同步采集精度创造使能条件。最后,在自研采集节点WSN-G2上运行STBTC_P协议,并验证了其有效性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.