发射药药型结构对燃速测试结果的影响

为了研究药型结构对发射药燃速测试结果的影响,以高能硝胺发射药为研究对象,采用密闭爆发器燃烧实验和数据处理的分析方法,研究了4种药型及其不同内孔长径比发射药的燃速特性及其变化规律;采用中止燃烧实验研究了发射药内孔长径比对侵蚀燃烧的影响,并与太根发射药对比研究了燃速特性对侵蚀燃烧的影响关系。结果表明,多孔药的燃速压力指数明显小于单孔药,在内孔长径比相同的条件下,随着发射药内孔数量的增加,正比式燃速系数减小,燃速压力指数减小;在药型相同的条件下,随着内孔长径比增大,发射药侵蚀燃烧现象加剧,正比式燃速系数增大,燃速压力指数减小;燃速较高的发射药,侵蚀燃烧现象对燃速参数测试结果的影响更大。     

ANSYS 在发射药力学性能仿真模拟中的应用

为了研究发射药在使用中存在的力学性能问题,针对几种典型的药型,利用工程力学仿真模拟软件ANSYS,在静态载荷条件下对发射药颗粒进行应力应变分析,以期对发射药的力学性能进行较科学的预估。分析知,发射药颗粒在轴向静载条件下,受力变形情况不明显;在径向静载条件下,发射药颗粒均可认为裂纹产生从药体内部开始,药体断裂方式从中心向四周的方向传播;同时,发射药颗粒的破碎方式与外围药型和孔的位置均有直接的关系。分析结果证明,利用ANSYS进行发射药受力情况仿真分析,对发射药的生产、使用都具有一定的实际意义。     

四孔长方体发射药的形状函数计算及燃烧性能

为研究四孔长方体发射药的燃烧性能,根据四孔长方体发射药的结构特征,建立四孔长方体发射药的燃烧物理模型,通过Maple软件得到其Ψ-Ζ、Γ-Ψ曲线。对比分析了相同弧厚及长宽比时,圆柱七孔发射药、圆柱单孔发射药与四孔长方体发射药的理论燃烧性能,同时研究了不同内外弧厚、长宽比及内孔径大小的四孔长方体发射药燃烧性能,并对其中的一种情况进行了实验验证。结果表明当长宽比大于1.5时,四孔长方体发射药具有良好地燃烧渐增性,且优于圆柱单孔发射药,劣于圆柱七孔发射药,但其分裂点相对于圆柱七孔发射药更加靠后;内外弧厚一致、长宽比为1.5～3、孔径为0.10～0.20 mm的四孔长方体发射药,具有相对较好的燃烧性能;实验结果能够较好地与理论分析结果相吻合,但由于发射药内孔位置的偏离以及尺寸一致性差,导致燃烧分裂点相比于理论计算要提前到达,因此可基于理论分析结果优化加工工艺,提高发射药的尺寸一致性及药孔分布的均匀性。     

发射药药型参数驱动结构建模方法研究

目前对于极限装填密度的确定一般根据经验估计取值,为研究发射药药形对装填密度的影响,需要以发射药三维模型为模板建立发射药离散元模型,基于离散单元法进行装填过程的仿真,因此实现发射药药型参数驱动结构建模具有重要的意义。利用C#语言,连接发射药药型参数数据库,对SolidWorks进行二次开发,详细阐述了圆柱七孔和梅花十九孔发射药的建模方法、编程方法,并模拟了122 mm模块装药的装填过程,初步验证了相同条件下不同药形发射药的装填密度具有差异性。     

七孔变燃速发射药燃烧性能的数值计算

为模拟七孔变燃速发射药的燃烧性能,建立了七孔变燃速发射药的燃烧模型。在几何燃烧定律的基础上推导出燃气生成猛度Γ和已燃发射药百分数Ψ的函数关系。通过编程计算得到Γ-Ψ曲线。分析了燃速比、速燃层内孔径、长径比和缓燃层厚度与燃速层厚度之比对七孔变燃速发射药燃烧渐增性的影响。结果表明:速燃层和缓燃层的燃速比为1.5~2.5,长径比为2~3,缓燃层厚度与速燃层厚度之比为0.1~0.22,速燃层内孔径为0.2~0.3mm的七孔变燃速发射药有较好的燃烧渐增性。     

药型尺寸对变燃速发射药燃烧渐增性的影响

采用经典密闭爆发器的方法,研究变燃速发射药的药型尺寸与燃烧渐增性的关系。分析了不同配方、药型尺寸变燃速发射药的燃烧实验p-t曲线、L-B曲线特征,得出了配方、药型尺寸对变燃速发射药的燃烧性能影响规律。研究结果表明:在变燃速发射药内外层配方和层厚度确定时,长径比对燃烧渐增性的影响较为明显,发射药药粒长径比越大,燃烧渐增性越好;对双层结构的变燃速发射药,在一定长径比范围内(1.5/1~2.0/1)适当增加阻燃层中高分子含量有利于改善燃烧渐增性。     

发射药粒冲击破碎动力学仿真

为了研究低温发射药粒在冲击载荷作用下的力学性能,用一种建立在非连续介质基础上的离散单元法为工具,建立了发射药粒的破碎模型,采用Mohr-Coulomb型的破坏准则,数值仿真了发射药粒以不同初速冲击刚性界面的破碎过程.定性研究了低温发射药粒在冲击载荷作用下的力学性能.分析结果表明,冲击速度越大,发射药粒的破坏情况越严重,该结果与试验相符.该文方法为发射药粒破碎过程研究提供了一种新途径.     

预制刻槽增面燃烧发射药的原理与实验验证

为获得发射药能量释放渐增性及其多维度调节控制方法,根据内弹道学原理,提出预制刻槽增面燃烧发射药,建立了其燃烧过程的物理、数学模型,推导了气体生成猛度-已燃质量分数（Г-Ψ）关系,论述了其能量释放渐增性及多维度调节控制原理,提出了预制刻槽发射药的工艺实现方法。设计了一种中心开孔式预制刻槽发射药结构,制备了不同刻槽数、不同长径比的发射药试样。采用密闭爆发器试验对其燃烧性能进行测试与表征,并与七孔发射药、七孔包覆药进行对比分析。试验结果表明：制备的预制刻槽发射药具有理论设计的燃烧渐增性,对比七孔发射药其动态活度增量ΔL值提高了2倍,最大动态活度与起始动态活度的比值L_m/L₀提高了24.4%,最大动态活度对应的相对压力值B_m增加了32.4%,燃烧渐增性优于七孔发射药,可以达到七孔包覆药的渐增效果。     

双基发射药挤出式3D打印技术

为了研制复杂几何形状的发射药,采用双基发射药挤出式3D打印工艺,通过螺杆挤出式发射药3D打印机打印出方形、车轮形、星孔形和花边七孔双基发射药,对打印发射药的表面结构、尺寸均匀性、密度和力学性能进行表征。结果表明,打印发射药的表面较光滑、无明显瑕疵;花边七孔发射药的尺寸均匀性达到传统方式制备发射药的标准,车轮形发射药弧厚的尺寸均匀性较好,标准偏差为0.026 mm,相对标准偏差为0.92%;方形发射药的密度较高（1.567 g·cm^-3）,其他发射药的密度为1.549~1.559 g·cm^-3;打印填充路径为同心线（填充线方向与拉伸方向平行）和直线（填充线方向与拉伸方向垂直）的发射药试样的拉伸强度分别为14.467 MPa和10.789 MPa,前者与传统方式制备的发射药拉伸强度相当。实现具有弧度和角度的多种几何形状发射药的良好打印为复杂几何形状发射药的制备提供了基础。     

散粒体发射药床碰撞挤压过程三维数值模拟研究

发射药床的碰撞、挤压引起药粒破碎是导致膛炸的根本因素。首先用Monte Carlo模拟密实发射药床初始堆积结构,然后引入一种建立在非连续介质基础上,又区别于一般多体动力学方法的离散元法,来模拟密实的发射药床在膛内高压条件下的碰撞、挤压的动力学过程。详细介绍了离散元法计算程序核心——接触寻找算法,以及药粒的三维接触模型和计算参数的确定。首次解决了复杂条件下的单个药粒受力和运动无法描述的问题,为药粒的破碎数值模拟奠定重要基础。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.