多孔ZrO2/HA医用钛合金微弧氧化复合陶瓷膜层生物力学性能研究

为了获得具有生物力学性能的陶瓷膜层材料并满足临床医学上的需要。以Ti6Al4V钛合金为基体材料,通过微弧氧化工艺方法在电解液中制备氧化锆和羟基磷灰石复合陶瓷膜层材料。利用能谱分析仪和扫描电镜分析膜层结构特点。建立并改进了多孔性膜层力学性能数学模型,利用理论计算与实验测试相结合的方法对膜层相关生物力学性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,氧化锆/羟基磷灰石医用钛合金复合陶瓷能够取得比单一的羟基磷灰石陶瓷膜层更好的生物力学性能。生物陶瓷力学性能与孔隙率及生成的新相有关,通过实验与理论模型相结合的方法能够更好的对生物陶瓷膜层力学性能进行研究,所建立数学模型科学合理,具有一定理论意义。     

Combination of coating and heat treatment processes

For a proper use of coated tools and components excellent coating properties as well as excellent substrate properties of the coating/substrate composite are necessary. A well known example is the load support of hard steel substrates for thin wear resistant coatings. Therefore coating processes must be combined with heat treatment processes of the substrates, whereby several practical processing constraints like order and compatibility of the applied treatment procedures must be considered. The combination of CVD-coating plus laser beam hardening is an example of a post coating heat treatment. Applications may be possible for large forming tools made of high alloyed tool steels, which nowadays are usually through hardened after CVD-coating. Laser beam hardening offers the possibility, to harden only the highly loaded edges of the tools. The advantages of this combination are short process time, less distortion and compressive residual stresses in the substrate surface. CVD-coatings can endure laser beam hardening with suitable parameters. The influence of CVD TiN-coated steel substrates and laser beam hardening parameters on microstructures and properties of coating/substrate compounds have been investigated. Special attention was paid to overlapping hardening zones, which may occur at the start and end points of a laser hardened track. In summary, the combination of coating and heat treatment processes show a high potential to produce coating/substrate compounds with excellent coating properties as well as excellent substrate properties.     

环氧树脂／蒙脱土涂层耐磨性研究及应用

为得到耐冲蚀磨损性能良好的环氧树脂涂层,利用正交试验研究了环氧树脂基料、固化剂低分子聚酰胺、有机蒙脱土和KH-550的用量对环氧树脂涂层耐冲蚀磨损性能的影响,并在涂层中填充适量陶瓷粉末,优化了固化工艺,试验表明:有机蒙脱土和陶瓷粉末能有效提高涂层的耐冲蚀磨损性能,在最佳配方下,涂层的耐冲蚀磨损性能是Q235钢的7.76倍.并用该涂层修复了磨损砂浆泵,效果明显.     

Effect of nozzle configuration, gas pressure, and gas type on coating properties in wire arc spray

Wire arc spraying is a coating process in which minor modifications of the configuration and spray parameters can have a strong impact on coating characteristics. A study on the effects of the fluid dynamics of the atomizing gas on the coating properties is presented. Different types of nozzles, shrouds, and gases have been used to provide various flow velocities and reactive environments in the metal atomization region. The effects on particle velocity, coating density, composition, and interface characteristics between the coating and the substrate have been evaluated. It is clear that higher gas velocities improve practically all coating properties, but also increase oxide content in the coating. However, the oxidation can be drastically reduced if nonoxidizing gases are used for atomization in combination with a shroud. A discussion on the physical effects contributing to the observed adhesion improvements and interfacial properties is provided.     

搭接率对TC4表面Ni60A熔覆层组织性能的影响

利用激光熔覆同轴送粉技术,在TC4钛合金表面制备了多道搭接的Ni60A激光熔覆层。利用SEM、硬度测试及摩擦磨损试验,对多道搭接率(30%、40%、50%、60%和70%)下熔覆层的组织性能进行了分析。结果表明:搭接率对Ni60A熔覆层的组织性能影响较大,搭接可实现涂层的二次加热,当搭接率为50%时,涂层中硬质相TiC的尺寸增大,TiNi的含量增多,可有效提升涂层的硬度,抵抗对磨小球剪切力,其表面不易被破坏,涂层的表面较为光滑,可极大程度降低涂层的摩擦因数。当搭接率为30%时,晶粒无法充分吸收激光能量,导致晶粒尺寸较小;当搭接率过高时,涂层中的B、C、Ni等元素会随着过烧而稀释,导致涂层的增强元素流失,降低了涂层的力学性能,因此,Ni60A熔覆层最适宜的搭接率为50%。     

X射线衍射分析在硬质合金涂层中的应用

硬质合金涂层刀具的性能与其内在结构密切相关,特别是涂层部分。利用X射线衍射进行硬质合金涂层性能的综合分析,可测定涂层的物相组成、涂层厚度、晶粒尺寸、残留应力以及涂层中碳的含量等等。观察其衍射图谱,对各种涂层成分如:Al2O3、TiC、TiN、η相等进行分析,探讨他们对涂层刀片性能的影响;通过衍射峰强度、强度比、D值等定性分析各物相及其定性含量,确定是否存在择优取向。X射线衍射分析是一种非破坏性的测定方法,检测快速方便,有助于生产中优化涂层工艺,提高涂层的整体加工性能,对硬质合金涂层的质量控制、机理研究和新工艺的研发均有着不可忽视的作用。     

热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层力学性能研究进展

镀层的力学性能是影响涂镀产品服役寿命的关键。综述了热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层力学性能(附着力、抗裂性、耐磨性、硬度和强度)的评价方法;归纳总结了合金成分中Al、Mg、Si等元素含量,以及热浸镀工艺中热浸镀温度和时间对镀层力学性能影响的研究进展。为了获得耐蚀性能与力学性能俱佳的Zn-Al-Mg镀层,指出应深入研究镀层组织与各力学性能指标之间的对应关系,积极探索不同钢种的热浸镀温度及时间工艺窗口,并将材料基因工程技术、机器学习技术与Zn-Al-Mg镀层性能研究相结合,以更快速、精准地实现Zn-Al-Mg镀层成分设计及组织性能预测,从而指导实际生产。     

MCrAlY涂层的研究进展

随着发动机的服役温度日益升高,工作环境日益恶劣,涡轮叶片极易在高温环境中氧化,大大降低了叶片的使用寿命。如何在低成本下制备保护性能好的高温防护涂层,是当前国内外研究的重点。MCrAlY包覆涂层可分为NiCrAlY涂层、CoCrAlY涂层和NiCoCrAlY涂层,这3类涂层的抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能较好,又有很好的塑韧性和抗热疲劳性能,因此可作为涂层或热障涂层的黏结层材料。综述了涂层中主要元素(Al、Cr、Co、Y)、掺杂合金元素(Ta、Re、Si、Pt)、涂层制备工艺和预处理工艺对MCrAlY涂层性能的研究进展。结果表明,可以通过调节MCrAlY涂层的成分来实现涂层性能的调控。向MCrAlY涂层中掺入Si、Ta和Re等活性元素,可显著提高涂层的抗高温氧化性能,以进一步提高发动机的工作效率和满足高温的工作环境需求。总结了采用细化涂层晶粒、掺杂纳米颗粒和制备梯度复合涂层等方法来提高MCrAlY涂层的抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能的研究现状,对MCrAlY涂层的发展趋势进行了展望。     

高速刮擦条件下两种铝基封严涂层的可刮削性

目前少有从涂层机械性能角度（如硬度、结合强度等）研究大量应用于我国航空发动机上的Al-BN涂层的材料性能及其在高滑动速度条件下的摩擦学行为。为此,以AlSi-PHb涂层为参比对象,对比了两者的材料性能,并通过自制的高速刮擦试验机对两者与对偶钛合金叶片在高速工况下的摩擦磨损行为进行了研究。结果表明：AlSi-PHb涂层的组织均匀性更好、机械性能更高;Al-BN涂层粘着叶片,AlSi-PHb涂层粘着叶片的同时还强烈地磨损叶片,两种铝基涂层的可刮削性均存在不足;涂层的机械性能对于叶片的损伤形式具有直接影响,机械性能高,则刮擦时摩擦热效应显著,涂层易损伤叶片;反之,则易于粘着叶片。适度的机械性能,是封严涂层获得良好可刮削性的关键所在。     

JCTZ-2防腐蚀涂料在炼厂冷换设备的应用

为了提高冷换设备的耐蚀性能,研制了一种JCTZ-2有机耐腐蚀涂料,并制定出了冷换设备耐腐蚀涂料的涂装工艺方法。涂敷后,冷换设备的使用寿命延长了2年以上。该涂料适合在复杂的腐蚀环境中推广使用。     

碳含量对中频磁控溅射沉积MoCN涂层微观结构及摩擦学性能的影响

目的 为了大幅提高机械零部件表面的硬度和耐磨性能,探究制备具有低摩擦因数、高硬度和良好耐磨性的MoCN涂层。方法 采用中频磁控溅射技术在不锈钢基板和硅片上,通过控制C₂H₂气体(纯度99.99%,0、3、6、9 mL/min)的量来制备具有不同含碳量的MoCN纳米复合涂层。通过X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪分析涂层主要的物相结构,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)表征涂层的表面和断面形貌。采用连续刚度法,利用纳米压痕仪测试涂层的纳米硬度和弹性模量。利用自动划痕试验机和光学显微镜(OM)评估涂层与基体之间的黏附强度。最后利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机进行磨损试验,通过SEM对试验后的涂层进行磨损形貌分析,并对涂层的摩擦学性能进行评价。结果 涂层微观组织和力学性能表征结果表明,MoCN涂层由MoN相和非晶态碳相组成。随着涂层中碳含量的增加,涂层与基体之间的结合力和涂层表面的粗糙度都呈现逐渐减小的趋势,其涂层的划痕失效临界载荷和表面粗糙度的最小值分别为6.90 N和6.80 nm,但是涂层的纳米硬度从7.36 GPa增至10.23 GPa。摩...     

激光涂覆L-605钴基高温合金的试验研究

采用 2 k W CO2 激光器对 2 0 Cr2 Ni4 W钢进行了激光涂覆 L- 6 0 5钴基高温合金的试验研究。用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射、显微硬度计等手段分析了涂覆层的成分、相组成、微观组织、常温力学性能和高温力学性能。结果表明 ,激光涂覆钴基合金可以获得成分均匀、表面平整的涂覆层 ,涂覆层和基体为冶金结合 ,涂覆层比基体具有优良的常温力学性能和高温力学性能。     

电沉积制备镍基复合镀层的研究进展

金属-陶瓷复合镀层可以显著改善的硬度、致密性、耐蚀性、耐磨性以及抗高温氧化性能等可显著得到改善,应用范围广泛。综述了影响复合镀层性能的几大因素,重点介绍了增强相粒子粒径、表面活性剂类型、制备镀层的沉积方式以及第二相颗粒种类对电沉积复合镀层性能的影响。陶瓷颗粒尺寸影响复合镀层的性能,细小颗粒对镍基复合镀层具有细晶强化作用,微米级陶瓷颗粒能够大大改善Ni基复合镀层的力学性能。超细纳米陶瓷颗粒作为增强相,可以显著提高复合镀层的耐蚀性,添加纳米颗粒的复合镀层的显微硬度优于添加微米颗粒复合镀层。非离子表面活性剂能提高第二相颗粒在镀层中的复合量及在镀液中的分散性,有利于获得高硬度的复合镀层,进而提高整个镀层的耐磨性和耐蚀性。超声波-脉冲电沉积法得到的复合镀层形貌更平整,晶粒更细小,结构更致密,且得到的复合镀层硬度更高,耐磨性、耐蚀性更好。与SiC复合镀层相比,SiO_2复合镀层具有更好的耐蚀性和抗氧化性。最后,分析展望了颗粒增强镍基复合材料的应用前景及未来研究的重点。     

White anodized thermal control coating on LY12 aluminum alloy

The thermal control coating with low solar absorptance that can be used in the thermal control system of the spacecraft are gained by in situ growth on the LY12 aluminum alloy. In this article, the optical properties, thickness and microstructure of the anodized coating were studied by spectrophotometer, thickness gauge and AFM, respectively. The influence of various operating parameters, viz., temperature, current density, and anodizing time, on the optical properties of the coating was investigated. Results show that the thicknesses of the coating, size and density of micropores have important influence on the optical properties of the coating. Less size and density of micropores, higher reflectance could be gained on the base of enough thickness of the coating. Therefore, white anodized thermal control coating could be prepared by optimizing the process parameters.     

Co-P合金镀层的研究现状

Cr涂层的性能优异,在工业中应用广泛,但Cr(Ⅵ)化合物易致癌,需寻找具有优良摩擦学和耐蚀性能的涂料来替代电镀Cr(Ⅵ)。Co-P合金镀层作为Cr(Ⅵ)涂层的替代品之一,以其独特的物理、化学性能,成为复合材料发展的新秀,日益受到人们的关注和研究。经热处理后的Co-P合金镀层的硬度可达到1224HV,可媲美硬Cr镀层。相较于其他镀层(如纯Ni、纯Co、Ni-P、Ni-Fe、Ni-Co等),Co-P合金镀层具有更好的热稳定性。热循环时,随着循环次数的增加,Co-P合金镀层发生塑性变形→产生热裂纹→与基体脱离→基体受到损害等变化。Co-P合金镀层的厚度均匀且致密,不会产生点蚀等局部效应,大大提高了镀层的耐蚀性能,且高P镀层的耐蚀性优于低P镀层,非晶态Co-P合金镀层的耐蚀性也优于晶态Co-P合金镀层。Co-P合金镀层的摩擦磨损性能较纯Co镀层有很大提高,但P质量分数超过2%后,其耐磨性提升不大。Co-P合金镀层中会有片状磁畴存在,自发磁化强度方向和Co晶粒易磁化方向平行,且镀层越厚,自发磁化的趋向性越强。然而,在制备Co-P合金镀层的过程中,镀液配制和保存,以及废液的回收-处理-再利用环节不够完善等问题没有引起足够的重视。综述了Co-P合金镀层的硬度、热稳定性、耐蚀性、高温耐磨性以及磁性能等的研究现状。     

Characterization of modified thick thermal barrier coatings

In gas turbines and diesel engines, there is a demand for thick thermal barrier coatings (TTBCs) due to the increased process combustion temperatures. Unfortunately, the increased thickness of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) normally leads to a reduced coating lifetime. For that reason, the coating structures have to be modified. When modifying the structure of TTBCs, the focus is normally on elastic modulus reduction of the thick coating to improve the coating strain tolerance. On the other hand, coating structural modification procedures, such as sealing treatments, can be performed when increased hot-corrosion resistance or better mechanical properties are needed. In this article, several modified zirconia-based TTBC structures with specific microstructural properties are discussed. Coating surface sealing procedures such as phosphate sealing, laser glazing, and sol-gel impregnation were studied as potential methods for increasing the hot-corrosion and erosion resistance of TTBCs. Some microstructural modifications also were made by introducing segmentation cracks into the coating structures by laser glazing and by using special spraying parameters. These last two methods were studied to increase the strain tolerance of TTBCs. The coating microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of sealing procedures on the basic thermal and mechanical properties of the coatings was studied. In addition, some correlations between the coating properties and microstructures are also presented, and the advantages and drawbacks of each modification procedure are discussed.     

Al2O3对等离子喷涂Cr2O3/TiO2/Al2O3/SiO2复合陶瓷涂层性能影响研究

目的研究Al_2O_3添加量对Cr_2O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3/SiO_2四元复合陶瓷涂层性能的影响。方法采用等离子喷涂技术在油气管道X80管线钢基体表面制备出具有不同Al_2O_3含量的四元复合陶瓷涂层。另外,为探究基体温度对涂层性能的影响,所有涂层均在等离子喷枪预热及室温的两种基体上制备。所制涂层的气孔率、硬度、结合力及电化学腐蚀性能分别采用煮沸称重法、维氏硬度计、划痕仪、电化学工作站进行检测,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析不同Al_2O_3含量涂层的物相组成和形貌特征,研究Al_2O_3含量对涂层各性能的影响。结果随着Al_2O_3含量的增加,Cr_2O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3/SiO_2四元复合陶瓷涂层的气孔率呈现先降低后增加的趋势,相对应的四元复合陶瓷涂层的结合力、维氏硬度则先增加后降低。当Al_2O_3质量分数为60%时,四元复合陶瓷涂层的性能最优,气孔率为3.6%,硬度为824.6HV,结合力为53.8N。电化学腐蚀测试表明,Al_2O_3能增强涂层的耐腐蚀性能,Al_2O_3质量分数为60%时,涂层自腐蚀电位最高,为-0.28 V。另外,在基体预热和不预热条件下,所制涂层性能随Al_2O_3含量的变化一致,但是基体预热比不预热更有利于涂层性能的提高。结论 Al_2O_3的添加不仅能够有效降低涂层Cr含量,还能显著提升四元复合陶瓷涂层的各项性能,特别是耐腐蚀性。此外,等离子喷涂前对基体进行预热,有利于涂层性能提高。     

A stochastic model to simulate the formation of a thermal spray coating

We present a three-dimensional, stochastic model of thermal spray coating. It is capable of predicting coating porosity, thickness, roughness, and the variation of these properties with spray parameters. The model assigns impact properties to molten droplets landing on the substrate by generating random values of process parameters, assuming that these properties follow normal distributions with user-specified means and standard deviations. We prescribed rules to calculate splat sizes after droplet impact and their interaction with each other. Porosity is assumed to be solely due to the curl-up of the splats as a result of thermal stresses. We use a Cartesian grid to define the computational domain and to track the shape and position of the deposited coating. The surface of the coating and the location of pores within it are specified using a variable known as the “volume fraction,” defined as the fraction of the volume of a computational cell occupied by coating material. Results are given for the variation of coating porosity, thickness and roughness with varying particle speed, size, and spraying gun speed. Predicted trends agree with experimental observation.     

基体材料对Cr/CrN多层涂层在海水环境中磨蚀性能的影响

目的 讨论海水环境下不同基体材料对Cr/CrN交替的多层复合涂层磨蚀性能的影响,为海水环境下耐磨蚀材料基体的选择和应用提供参考。方法 采用多弧离子镀技术在316L不锈钢和TC4钛合金基体上沉积Cr/CrN多层复合涂层,通过XRD、SEM等技术对涂层材料的微观结构进行表征,通过硬度测试、结合力测试、电化学分析、摩擦磨损试验等技术对涂层材料的力学性能、电化学性能以及摩擦学性能进行分析,比较不同基体对Cr/CrN多层涂层在海水环境中磨蚀性能的影响。结果 以TC4钛合金为基体的Cr/CrN多层涂层的硬度为1727.2HV0.3,虽略小于以316L不锈钢为基体的涂层硬度（2241.5HV0.3）,但其在膜-基结合力、海水环境下电化学性能和摩擦学性能等方面均优于以316L不锈钢为基体的涂层。结合力测试中,以TC4为基体的多层涂层初始裂纹出现在31 N,扩展裂纹出现在42 N,大于316L基体涂层的22 N和35 N。电化学测试中TC4基体涂层的腐蚀电位为?0.20 V,大于316L基体涂层的腐蚀电位（?0.21 V）。海水环境下TC4基体涂层的平均摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.35和2.9950×10?5 mm3/(N?m),均小于316 L基体涂层的平均摩擦系数（0.36）和磨损率（4.9895×10?5 mm3/(N?m)）。结论 TC4钛合金更适合作为海水环境用Cr/CrN多层涂层耐磨蚀材料的基体材料。     

Effect of coating repair on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al based alloy IC6

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