HPMC水凝胶溶胀性能的影响因素研究

制备了一系列具有不同相对分子质量和取代度的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)水凝胶,并用称重的方法对凝胶的溶胀性能进行了研究,考察了温度、pH值、溶剂类型、取代度和相对分子质量对HPMC水凝胶溶胀性能的影响。结果显示,HPMC水凝胶的平衡溶胀度随温度的升高而减小;其溶胀行为受溶剂影响显著,而受溶液pH值的影响不明显;而取代度和相对分子质量都对凝胶溶胀行为有较大的影响。     

新分散剂羟丙基甲基纤维素的试制及应用

一、羟丙基甲基纤维素的制造 羟丙基甲基纤维素(以下简称HPMC)是混合醚的一种,即在纤维素上的羟基被甲氧基和羟丙基(以下简称“二基”)所取代。纤维素上的羟基如果仅仅被甲氧基取代,则称为甲基纤维素(MC),所以HPMC也是MC的衍生物。由于这两种取代基在纤维素中取代度以及二者之间比例不同,性质也就不同,就以我们制得的低粘度HPMC水溶液的凝胶温度而言,低的     

酞菁分子结构特征对复合凝胶玻璃体系光限幅性能的影响

用溶胶凝胶法将2组具有不同分子结构特征的酞菁配合物分别植入二氧化硅凝胶基质,制备均匀掺杂的复合凝胶玻璃,并对其光限幅性能进行测试。研究结果表明:掺杂酞菁分子结构特征对其复合体系的光限幅性能有显著影响。掺杂无金属酞菁(phthalocyanine, H2Pc)和不同金属酞菁配合物(metallophthalocyanine, MPc)的硅氧凝胶玻璃,其光限幅效应随中心离子不同而异,并依 H相似文献   

不同分子量魔芋葡甘露低聚糖的流变特性

探讨了碱存在下不同分子量魔芋葡甘露低聚糖（KOGM）的流变特性。采用高级旋转流变仪和凝胶渗透色谱-静态光散射联用仪（SEC-MALS）测定魔芋葡甘露低聚糖的分子量、相关分子参数和流变性质。SEC-MALS分析结果表明,随KOGM分子量的下降,均方根旋转半径迅速减小,相对刚性参数β从0.38增加到0.80,即分子链由半柔顺性链向短小的刚性链转变。流变分析结果表明,所形成凝胶的储能模量G＇和耗能模量G＇＇均随着KOGM相对分子量、KOGM浓度和碱浓度的增加而增加,损耗因子tanδ则相应减少,即形成凝胶的弹性和稳定性增加。     

星点设计-效应面法优化盐酸川芎嗪鼻用凝胶剂的处方及其体外释放行为研究

优化盐酸川芎嗪鼻用凝胶剂处方,对其体外释放行为进行考察。以卡波姆934和羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMC为凝胶基质,以黏度为评价指标,通过星点设计-效应面法优化凝胶处方,透析法进行体外释药特性评价,并对释放曲线进行拟合,探讨体外释放行为。结果表明,最优处方为卡波姆浓度为1.0%、HPMC浓度为1.9%,凝胶黏度平均值为4.85Pa·s,体外释药结果显示,盐酸川芎嗪鼻用凝胶表现出明显的缓释特性,释放过程符合Weibull模型。     

反应性微凝胶分散液的流变性能

为了在实际应用中更好地利用反应性微凝胶分散液的流变特性,采用自稳定分散聚合的方法合成了带有环氧基或羧基的反应性微凝胶,并研究了其在不同溶剂中的流变性能。结果表明,与相应的线形聚合物相比,当相对分子质量一定时,反应性微凝胶分散液的特性黏度较低,对聚合物相对分子质量依赖性较小;随着反应性微凝胶交联度的增加,特性黏度变小。在二甲苯中,随着反应性微凝胶质量分数的增加,分散液逐渐由牛顿流体转变为非牛顿流体,且随着反应性微凝胶质量分数的增加,假塑性增加。在甲苯、苯乙烯(St)或甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOMA)稀溶液中,反应性微凝胶的官能团种类对特性黏度的影响较弱,官能团种类对高浓度溶液的流变性能有较大的影响。     

高密度聚乙烯流变结晶性能对发泡的影响研究

采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和Hakke平板旋转流变仪测试了2种不同高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）的热性能和动态流变性能，结合间歇发泡实验探究了PE-HD的发泡性能。结果表明，PE-HD的结晶速率以及黏弹特性对其发泡性能有明显地影响；HDPE6098具有适合发泡的流变特性和相对分子质量分布以及较快的结晶速率，可以获得发泡倍率为17.69倍，泡孔密度为1.30×10^6个/cm3的样品；而HDPE7000F由于高相对分子质量区域较大，模量较大，导致发泡过程中泡孔生长受到限制，获得的制品较差。     

PPTA硫酸溶液流变性能及纺丝工艺的研究

采用旋转黏度计测定聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)溶液的表观黏度,研究了PPTA相对分子质量、溶液浓度以及温度对PPTA溶液流变性能的影响,并对PPTA硫酸溶液进行纺丝,研究纺丝工艺对PPTA纤维性能的影响.结果表明:不同分子量的PPTA硫酸溶液表现出相同的流变行为,PPTA硫酸溶液随着溶液浓度的增大会出现一个临界浓度...     

硼砂交联低聚羟丙基塔拉胶可再生凝胶体系的制备与流变性研究

开发低成本可再生压裂液对油气田强化开采具有重要意义.今合成了低聚羟丙基塔拉胶,表征了双氧水对其降解程度的影响,考察了低聚羟丙基塔拉胶浓度和硼砂浓度对凝胶形成的影响,得到了稳定的硼砂交联可再生凝胶体系.考察了不同再生次数凝胶体系的流变性,结果表明再生3次以下的凝胶体系具有良好的黏弹性、触变性和剪切变稀性,再生前后凝胶体系流变性无显著变化.该可再生凝胶体系的流变曲线可用非线性共转 Jeffreys 模型描述,实验值与模拟值吻合良好.     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的热降解性能

采用了旋转流变仪、凝胶色谱等仪器对聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)的热降解性能进行了研究。研究表明:随着时间的延长,PTT熔体的相对分子质量和熔体黏度明显下降,而相对分子质量分布没有明显变化;随着温度的升高,PTT熔体的降解速度明显增大;在不同剪切速率下,两种国外PTT熔体的热降解速率基本相同;PTT相对分子质量越高,越易发生热降解。     

Rheological/thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified by chain extenders of pyromellitic dianhydride and pentaerythritol

Due to low molecular weight and wide molecular weight distribution, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) shows weak melt strength properties. In this study, the synergistic effect of using different types of chain extenders and catalyst on rheological behavior of PET has been investigated. Long-chain branching is known as a suitable method for developing the structure of PET during reactive melt processing. Thus, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and pentaerythritol (PENTA) were added to the fiber grade PET. The best formulation was determined based on rheological results, which revealed an improvement in both storage modulus and complex viscosity of PMDA-modified samples. Samples containing 1.5% PMDA and 0.5% PENTA exhibited the best rheological properties. Also, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) acted as an accelerator for chain extension reaction during reactive melt blending. Subsequently, the rheological properties were improved by increasing the chain extending rate. Moreover, thermal properties such as crystallization and melting temperatures and the degree of crystallinity for modified PET were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry.     

Thermal gelation properties of methyl and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Aqueous solutions of methyl and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are known to gel upon heating. These gels are completely reversible in that they are formed upon heating yet will liquefy upon cooling. The precipitation temperature, gelation temperature, and gel strength of these methylcellulose solutions were determined as a function of molecular weight, degree of methyl and hydroxypropyl substitution, concentration, and presence of additives. The precipitation temperature of these polymer solutions decreases initially with increasing concentration until a critical concentration is reached above which the precipitation temperature is little affected by concentration changes. The incipient gelation temperature decreases linearly with concentration. The strength of these gels is time dependent, increases with increasing molecular weight, decreases with increasing hydroxypropyl substitution, and depends on the nature of additives. Hydrophobe–hydrophobe interaction or micellar interaction is postulated to be the cause of gelation. This thermal gelation property of the polymers is utilized in many end uses including food, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tobacco, and other industrial applications.     

Effect of the graft yield of maleic anhydride on the rheological behaviors,mechanical properties,thermal properties,and free volumes of maleic anhydride grafted high‐density polyethylene

The rheological behavior, thermal properties, and molecular mobility of a series of maleic anhydride (MA) grafted high‐density polyethylenes were characterized and evaluated. The rheological behavior was studied with a Haake minilaboratory. The viscosity of the samples in their melt state decreased with an increase in the graft yield, and this could be attributed to the higher molecular mobility for samples with a higher degree of grafting. The thermal properties were investigated with dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Positron annihilation lifetime measurements were used to study the effect of the degree of grafting on the chemical environment and the atomic‐scale free‐volume properties. It was found that the grafted MA group played a significant chemical inhibition role in positronium formation when the graft yield was low. The results also indicated that the higher the degree of grafting was, the broader the free‐volume distribution was. The relationship between the microstructure and rheological behavior is discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

MBS对CPVC凝胶化的影响及CPVC/MBS共混物性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪和HAAKE流变仪研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)对氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）凝胶化性能及流变性能的影响,并对CPVC/MBS共混物的力学性能、耐热性能、微观形貌进行了系统研究。结果表明,MBS能改善CPVC的加工性能。随着MBS含量的增加,共混物的凝胶化度得到极大的提高,塑化时间明显缩短,平衡扭矩不断上升,平衡温度大幅上升。MBS用量为6份时,CPVC/MBS共混物的综合性能最佳。     

纤维素/NMMO/水溶液流变性能的研究

研究了不同聚合度的纤维素/NMMO/水溶液以及在添加剂NH_4Cl存在下的溶液的流变性能,并将流变性能与纺丝性能进行对照分析,此外,还通过动态流变实验的分析比较了不同纤维素浆粕的相对分子质量及其分布。     

Influence of crystallinity in the curing mechanism of PVC plastisols

The influence of the crystalline areas observed in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) the mechanical and thermal properties of PVC plastisols was studied. Several industrial‐degree PVC resins were used to obtain a broad range of molecular weights and processing conditions for PVC plastisols. The gelation process was fully studied at different temperatures and was related to the existence of crystalline areas at high temperatures, even near the glass transition. A simple explanation of the phenomena observed during the gelation of plasticized PVC is proposed, according to the variation in the mechanical and thermal properties at different temperatures. The final gelation was obtained at 140–150°C, which was a lower temperature than those at the beginning of the thermal degradation process. The thermodynamic aspects of the gelation of plasticized PVC were mainly controlled by the PVC resin properties, whereas the plasticizer only influenced the diffusion and stability of the material. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 538–544, 2004     

Effect of molecular structure and rheology on the compression foam molding of ethylene‐α‐olefin copolymers

The morphology and mechanical properties of foams made out of a series of ethylene‐α‐olefin copolymers having well‐characterized rheological properties were investigated. A compression foaming molding technique was implemented, using azodicarbonamide as the blowing agent. The polymers differed in the amount of comonomer contained (resulting in a range of densities), type of comonomer (octene vs. butene) and molecular weight, resulting in variable thermal properties and different rheological responses under shear and extensional flow. The results showed that the majority of the octene‐based copolymers with comparable rheological properties had similar foam morphology. A distinct behaviour was observed for the butene‐based copolymer, as well as the octene‐containing one having the lowest density and lowest melting/crystallization points. The poor foamability of these grades was attributed to their differences in extensional and thermal properties, respectively. Increasing density resulted in a higher secant modulus of the foamed samples. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

微量润滑剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

研究微量润滑剂对聚丙烯流变性能、结晶性能及热稳定性能的影响,结果表明:小分子润滑剂的添加明显改善了聚丙烯的流变行为,提高了熔体的流动性,而并未明显影响其热稳定性,两种润滑剂对聚丙烯结晶行为的影响不同。     

支化结构对树枝状聚合物溶液剪切前后流变性能的影响

采用吴茵混调器模拟聚合物在其配制、输送、注入中的机械剪切作用，研究了不同支化程度对剪切前后的驱油用树枝状聚合物溶液的流变性能的影响。首先制备了3种不同支化程度的树枝状聚合物，研究了剪切前后的树枝状聚合物的分子链粒径分布和分子量大小，然后研究了不同因素对树枝状聚合物流变性能的影响并考察了树枝状聚合物溶液的黏弹性能，最后结合环境扫描电镜分析支化结构对剪切前后树枝状聚合物溶液的流变性能的影响。结果表明：支化程度高的树枝状聚合物具有更大的流体力学半径和分子量，受环境影响较小；树枝状聚合物溶液呈现假塑性流体特征，支化程度越高，剪切前后的聚合物溶液幂律指数n越小、稠度系数K越大；支化程度高的树枝状聚合物溶液支链间越容易发生缠结，形成致密、多层的空间网状结构，致使剪切前后的聚合物溶液的流变性能越好。