浅析服装设计中服装材料的运用、发展及趋势

服装材料是构成服装的基本要素,服装的竞争同时也是服装材料的竞争。本文通过对服装材料历史的概述,总结分析出当代服装材料发展的三大趋势:服装材料的组合与再创造、新加工方式与新原料结合的环保服装材料、高科技材料的开发与使用。     

材料基因方法在材料设计中的应用

【目的】本文主要介绍材料基因方法在一系列材料设计中的应用,如开发高性能催化材料、热电材料、金属有机框架(MOFs)材料、锂电池材料以及钙钛矿型光伏材料。【方法】将高通量计算与机器学习等数据挖掘技术结合,通过高通量计算产生一定规模的数据库,进而对材料数据库进行数据挖掘和分析。【结果】利用数据内在规律发现并筛选出潜在的新材料。【局限】目前,很多理论预测的材料在实验中合成制备还比较困难,因此理论与实验还需要更加深入地结合。【结论】随着计算机数据技术以及实验合成方法的进一步发展,材料基因方法将会在材料开发方面展现出更显著的作用。     

非晶材料及其应用

对敏感功能材料研究开发所呈现的主要趋势之一就是从单晶材料向多晶材料和非晶材料方向过渡发展.由于非晶材料具有光吸收系数高、基片材料的限制性小、性能易于扩展、制作工艺简单等优点,因而受到多方面青睐.本文侧重介绍非晶材料的现状、制造方法、基本特性及其在传感器中的应用与展望.     

Automatically producing tailored web materials for public administration

Public administration organizations commonly produce citizen-focused, informational materials describing public programs and the conditions under which citizens or citizen groups are eligible for these programs. The organizations write these materials for generic audiences because of the excessive human resource costs that would be required to produce personalized materials for everyone. Unfortunately, generic materials tend to be longer and harder to understand than materials tailored for particular citizens. Our work explores the feasibility and effectiveness of automatically producing tailored materials. We have developed an adaptive hypermedia application system that automatically produces tailored informational materials and have evaluated it in a series of studies. The studies demonstrate that: (1) subjects prefer tailored materials over generic materials, even if the tailoring requires answering a set of demographic questions first; (2) tailored materials are more effective at supporting subjects in their task of learning about public programs; and (3) the time required to specify the demographic information on which the tailoring is based does not significantly slow down the subjects in their information seeking task.     

PLE编码在关联数据挖掘中的应用

在关联数据挖掘领域利用RLE(Run-Length Encoding)编码可有效减少动态数据库计算时的数据量,提出了一种新的数据前处理算法,直接对存储器中的编码数据进行数据挖掘,并且在数据快速变化时能够有效更新编码数据,提升处理效能。     

浅析包装材料滥用及应对方案

包装设计包括包装图形与色彩、包装结构、包装容器、包装材料、包装印刷等,用材的合理与否是一个包装成败的重要因素之一。随着科技的进步,新材料层出不穷,材料滥用也越来越严重。因此包装如何用材成为一个设计课题,同时也是一个社会责任问题。本文即从分析材料滥用现状着手,论述材料滥用带来的危害和后果,并针对这种现状提出应对方案,以引起设计师注意,慎重考虑包装选材用材。     

最小化救灾物资运输重量的决策方法

在救灾物资供给灾民人数最大化的前提下,提出最小化运输重量的决策方法.首先给出救灾物资替换关系和搭配关系的定义,并对救灾物资运输问题进行形式化描述;然后建立两阶段整数规划模型,并研究分解为子问题的方法;最后考虑救灾物资的数量存在不确定关系,分两种情况进行仿真实验.结果表明,通过描述救灾物资的结构,可以改善救灾效果,提高救灾物资运输效率.     

金属氧化物半导体气敏材料的研究进展

金属氧化物是重要的半导体材料,具有较好的气敏特性,作为气敏材料被广泛应用。本文较系统地对金属氧化物气敏材料的研究现状作了阐述,重点介绍了复合氧化物气敏材料的研究状况,并对其气敏性质进行了概述。展望了金属氧化物半导体气敏材料今后的研究重点及发展方向。     

Becoming materials: material forms and forms of practice

As a result of development toward ‘smart’ materials, materials now enable an expanding range of aesthetic expressions and user experiences. These materials are fundamentally temporal in their capacity to assume multiple, discrete states of expression that can be repeatedly and minutely controlled. These materials come to be, or become, only over time and in context—they are becoming materials. Thus, in the development and application of such materials, we must engage more extensively with the experience of materials in practices of design and of use. This paper introduces and discusses the concept of becoming materials—as well as the implications for practice—through a series of examples from our own practice-led research within art, design and architecture. Coming to terms with the implications for material practices of design and of use, we suggest, requires the development of new concepts and methods for doing and studying the design of becoming materials.     

A tool for materials exploration

We present a tool for the simulation and analysis of materials properties. This tool comprises simulation methods for models of materials (metal and polymer materials) as well as sophisticated visualization techniques to explore materials. In this paper we describe the basic design principles.     

应急救援中应急物资需求紧迫性分级研究

突发事件发生后同一和不同应急时期,同一和不同需求点对各种应急物资的需求都存在轻重缓急之分。特别是当应急资源有限,应急运输能力受约束时,尤其需要确定应急物资的需求紧迫性程度,对应急物资的需求紧迫性进行分级,以便合理安排应急物资调度,提高应急救援效率。确定了影响应急物资需求紧迫性的三个因素:供应不足生命危害程度、应急物资缺口程度和不可替代程度,提出基于模糊综合评判的应急物资需求紧迫性分级方法和应急物资需求紧迫度计算方法,将应急物资分为紧急、严重和一般三个层级。仿真实例表明了方法实用有效。     

高校教材征订管理信息化平台的研究

研究在新的形势下,高校如何建设教材征订管理信息化平台,提出教材管理信息化建设的意义、目标和关键技术,以适应教学改革的进程,减少教材管理人员的劳动强度,提高教材征订管理水平。     

Materials data interchange for component manufacture

Computer-based materials information is vital to the integration of design with manufacture. While some of the challenges associated with representing materials property data in computerized data banks are now well known, development of completematerials information systems still involves many complex and intractable difficulties.There are many conflicting goals in representing materials information and, as yet, there is no generally usefuldata model for describing materials data. A central issue in the data model and in the design of materials information systems is the useful transfer of data from one part of the system to another. This paper discusses the current status of property data interchange and the related data modeling activities.     

Computer-aided design method for the components made of heterogeneous materials

With rapid developments of high-tech in various fields, there appear more critical requirements for special functions of components/products, which can be satisfied only by using heterogeneous materials: composite materials, functionally graded materials, or heterogeneous materials with a periodic microstructure. However, currently there exists no systematic and effective method for designing components made of these heterogeneous materials. This paper develops such a computer-aided design method, under the guide of Axiomatic Design, which can apply the functions of current CAD/CAE software. With the design method, all the information about both configuration and materials of a heterogeneous component, needed for creating its CAD model, can be obtained.     

基于F-ANP的建筑材料质量风险评价研究

鉴于建材产品质量风险相互依赖的多属性特征和建筑材料质量风险问题的复杂性,运用网络分析法和模糊综合评价的思想,构建了基于模糊网络分析方法的建材产品质量风险评价模型;通过Super Decision软件计算各指标的权重值,实现了对建材产品质量风险高效、实用的量化评价。以建筑节能材料聚苯板为例证实了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

CAD modeling for the components made of multi heterogeneous materials and smart materials

There appear more critical requirements for special functions of components/products in various areas, which can be satisfied only by using heterogeneous materials and/or smart materials. The heterogeneous materials include composite materials, functionally graded materials, and heterogeneous materials with a periodic microstructure. To design and manufacture the components made of these materials, the computer models for representing them need first to be built so that further analysis, optimization and manufacturing can be implemented based on the models. This paper develops such a modeling method, which can be implemented by employing the functions of current CAD graphic software and obtain the model that includes all the material information (about periodic microstructures, constituent composition, inclusions, and embedded parts) along with geometry information in 3D solid modeling without the problem arising from too much data.     

理想材料零件CAD/CAM中的数据格式及切片算法研究

为实现由均质材料、复合材料、功能梯度材料和功能细结构构成的理想材料零件的数字化设计制造，从非线性问题线性化角度考虑，针对理想材料零件数字化设计制造中的数据格式和切片算法问题，提出了基于三维几何实体单纯剖分的数据格式。以统一、简便的形式、完整地描述了理想材料零件的几何、拓扑和材料信息；定义了快速制造中必不可少的切片数据格式；在该数据格式的基础上，进行了理想材料零件的均匀切片算法研究，并通过实例验证了该均匀算法。     

空间动态可变材质的交互式全局光照明绘制

提出了一种空间动态可变材质的交互式全局光照明绘制算法.如果在绘制过程中允许用户对物体的材质作修改,并且对一个物体的不同部分的材质作不同的修改,则称为空间动态可变材质.由于最终出射的辐射亮度和材质呈非线性关系,因此现有许多交互式全局光照明算法不允许用户修改物体的材质.如果一个物体各部分的材质可以不相同,那么材质对最终的出射的辐射亮度的影响更为复杂,目前没有任何交互式全局光照明绘制算法能够在绘制过程中对一个物体不同部分的材质作不同的修改.将一个空间动态可变材质区域划分成许多子区域来近似模拟,每个子区域内部材质处处相同.光在场景传播过程中可能先后被不同的子区域反射,并以此将最终出射的辐射亮度分为许多部分.用一组基材质来线性表示所有的材质,这组基材质被赋予场景中的所有子区域,从而得到不同的基材质的分布.预计算所有这些基材质分布下的各部分最终出射的辐射亮度.绘制时根据各子区域材质在基材质上的系数组合相应的预计算数据,就能交互式绘制全局光照明效果.     

浅谈《数据库应用》校本教材的开发

《数据库应用》是为数据库应用课程编写的校本教材。该教材根据课程标准进行开发,按任务进行编写,是一本基于工作过程编写的教材。本文是关于《数据库应用》校本教材开发中的一些初步认识。     

硅基外延GaAs材料的力学仿真分析

Si,GaAs,Si基异质外延GaAs三种材料的基本力学特性各有不同,通过理论计算和ANSYS仿真得出相同条件下Si基异质外延GaAs材料中GaAs应力转化率是Si和GaAs材料的1.26倍左右,应力造成的位移系数略小于Si,远远小于GaAs,同时经过计算得出Si基异质外延GaAs材料的量程是GaAs材料的5倍,说明Si基外延GaAs材料不仅机械特性良好,而且还明显优于Si和GaAs,有更好的力电耦合效应需要的机械特性。