Al2 TiO5-ZrO2复相材料中ZrO2的相变特性

以α-Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2为主要原料,以MgO-SiO2或MgO-Fe2O3为Al2TiO5的稳定剂,经1500℃2 h烧成制得Al2TiO5-ZrO2复相材料,研究了Al2TiO5对ZrO2相变及复相材料热膨胀性的影响.试验发现以MgO-SiO2稳定的Al2TiO5对ZrO2相变的影响显著,随复相材料中Al2TiO5含量增加,m-ZrO2相变为t-ZrO2的温度不断降低,Al2TiO5含量为58.8%的复相材料,ZrO2的相变开始温度由原1150℃降至500℃,相变结束温度为700℃.Al2TiO5-ZrO2复相材料具有低膨胀特性,其室温～1300℃的热膨胀系数仅为1.57×10-6℃-1,适于用作冶金浇钢系统的高抗热震性材料.     

AM/NIPAM对P(NIPAM-co-AM)温敏凝胶性能的影响

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为单体,过硫酸铵(APS)-亚硫酸氢钠(SBS)为氧化-还原引发体系,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,制备了亲水型温敏凝胶P(NIPAM-co-AM)。研究了投料比m(AM)/m(NIPAM)对凝胶性能的影响。结果表明,随着凝胶体系中亲水单体AM比例的增大,共聚凝胶溶胀率、保水率、硬度均提高。当AM质量分数从0增大到100%时,凝胶硬度从84.929 g增为1 252.222 g。DSC表明,当AM质量分数从2%提高到10%时,凝胶LCST从38.61℃增加到57.95℃。随着AM比例降低,凝胶LCST向低温方向移动,相变范围温敏性越好。     

基于迷迭香精油温敏脂质体的温度响应型控释抗氧化复合膜制备

以合成磷脂DPPC和胆固醇为膜材，采用乙醚注入法制备迷迭香精油温敏脂质体，将温敏脂质体添加到壳聚糖-普鲁兰多糖溶液中，以BOPP为基膜制备抗氧化复合膜。对迷迭香温敏脂质体进行包封率、粒径分布、多分散性指数（PDI）、相变温度和原子力显微镜的测定，测定薄膜中精油释放速率，验证薄膜温度响应特性。结果表明，制备温敏脂质体平均包封率为65.6%，平均粒径为164.8nm，多分散性指数（PDI）平均值为0.163，相变温度为38.5℃和41.8℃。抗氧化复合膜在42℃条件下7天内释放量为94.1%，具有显著的温度响应控制释放作用。     

溶剂沉淀法制备具有相变功能的PA6/AG复合粉体及其性能分析

通过多孔材料吸附法与溶剂沉淀法制备聚酰胺6(PA6)/气凝胶(AG)复合粉体，并通过差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪和激光粒度分析仪等对复合粉体的包覆性、流动性和耐用性等进行测试与分析。结果表明，成功制备了一种具有优异耐用性能的相变材料—PA6/AG复合粉体，其中AG相变材料中石蜡与AG的的质量比为1∶1、粉体中PA6与AG相变材料质量比为2∶1时，复合粉体中的AG相变材料完全被包覆且具有优异的耐用性能；同时在PA6与AG相变材料的质量比为2∶1时，PA6/AG复合粉体的粒径增至85.62 μm，且其流动性能最优。     

微胶囊相变材料的制备及应用

微胶囊相变材料是将微胶囊技术应用于相变材料而形成的新型复合相变材料,其直径为2~1000μm,它能够在10~80°C温度范围内,吸收或放出100~200 J/g的热量,而且在吸、放热量的过程中,温度几乎不发生变化。就微胶囊相变材料的特性、结构组成、制备方法和应用领域分别进行了综述。     

基于四重氢键的防漏相变材料的制备及性能

将2-脲基-4[1H]-嘧啶酮（UPy）的四重氢键体系加入苯乙烯与二乙烯基苯共聚物中，制备了防漏相变材料（PCMs）。利用核磁共振波谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和差示扫描量热仪对防漏PCMs的结构进行了分析与表征，利用渗液实验研究了防漏PCMs的防漏效果。结果表明：UPy成功引入到PCMs中，且在基本不改变PCMs相变温度和相变潜热的情况下显著提高了PCMs的防漏性能。     

溶胶-凝胶涂膜法制备片状TiO2的研究

以Ti（OC4H9）4为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶涂膜法制备片状TiO2，探讨了溶胶的性质、涂膜过程、煅烧温度等参数对片TiO2性能的影响，结果表明：反应温度为30℃，水与Ti（OC4H9）4的摩尔比为2～4，Ti（OC4H9）。与无水乙醇的摩尔比为7～10，pH值为1～3，反应时间为15min的条件下，通过溶胶涂膜、干燥、剥片及400℃煅烧2h，可得到具有明显片状结构的TiO2。制得的片状TiO2为锐钛矿型，粒径约为30～60μm，厚度约为2μm。径厚比约为15～30。     

基于酶引发的温敏聚合物的合成与性能

以2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-（2-甲氧基乙氧基）乙酯（MEO2MA）和低聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯（OEGMA500）为单体，利用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）/乙酰丙酮（ACAC）/H2O2三元催化体系引发自由基聚合，合成了温敏无规共聚物P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA500)。通过GPC、1HNMR、FTIR、DSC等对合成聚合物的数均分子量、分子量分布、结构及热性能进行了表征。通过测定聚合物溶液在不同温度下的透光率和粒径对聚合物的温敏性能进行了表征。制备了n(MEO2MA)∶n(OEGMA500)分别为100:0、95:5、93:7、90:5、85:15的温敏聚合物，结果表明，随着单体OEGMA500投料占比的增加，合成聚合物的LCST从24 ℃增加至39 ℃，聚合物玻璃化转变温度从-11.75 ℃逐渐降低至-14.74 ℃；LCST随聚合物水溶液浓度增加而降低；升高温度，聚合物平均粒径增加，比在低温条件下聚合物平均粒径大82.5~135.6 nm。     

微相分离促进剂对聚氨酯相变储能材料热性能的影响

对相变性能优异的高分子固-液相变材料聚乙二醇进行改性，以其作为聚氨酯的软段，以4，4＇-二苯基甲烷-二异氰酸酯（MDI）-1，4-丁二醇（BD0）为硬段，通过在合成过程中加入少量十八醇作为微相分离促进剂，制备出-种新型的聚氨酯相变储能材料，通过DSC、FT—IR、SEM测试手段研究了微相分离促进剂对聚氨酯相变储能材料分子结构和相变储热性能的影响。研究结果表明：十八醇的加入能作为分子间润滑剂均匀分布在软、硬段的相畴界区，使两相的相容性变差，有效改善微相分离和提高软硬段结晶能力，2％的十八醇含量是聚氨酯微相分离的最佳点，此时材料的相变潜热最高。     

癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO2复合相变材料的热性能

以SiO2为载体、癸酸-棕榈酸为相变材料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO2复合相变材料,考察了其储热性能、导热性能、微观形貌和组成结构. 结果表明,当癸酸-棕榈酸掺入量为0.08 mol时,所制材料具有最好的潜热性能,相变温度为20.02~22.08℃,相变焓为44.53~50.51 J/g,适合在建筑领域应用;当癸酸-棕榈酸掺入量为0.06 mol时,材料导热性能最好,导热系数在第一降温阶段为0.211 W/(m×K),相变平台阶段为0.017 W/(m×K),第二降温阶段为0.040 W/(m×K);材料中SiO2与癸酸-棕榈酸仅是物理嵌合,未发生明显的化学作用,癸酸-棕榈酸掺杂过量时明显包裹SiO2,导致复合相变材料潜热性能和导热性能下降.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。