复波速在挠性胶管动态特性研究中的应用

针对挠性胶管管壁的粘弹性，提出了复波速的概念，并将其应用于挠性胶管现有的动态特性理论中，分别建立了挠性胶管瞬态响应和频率响应的模型。说明了挠性胶管衰减管中液体介质压力脉动和流量脉动的原理并解释了现有的现象，得出了一些新的结论。此外，还指出了该方法目前存在的不足及今后的研究方向。     

复波速在挠性胶管动态特性研究中的应用

针对挠性胶管动态特性分析，提出了用复波速来描述挠性胶管的橡胶管壁的钻弹性对管中液体压力波的传播的影响的新方法。以此为基础分析了挠性胶管衰减流体脉动的一般规律，解释了现有的现象，并得出了一些新的结论。此外，还指出了该方法目前存在的不足及今后的研究方向。     

发射段阻尼环对飞轮轮体振动放大的黏弹性阻尼动力吸振抑振机理分析和实验研究

飞轮在发射段由于受到安装界面的振动与冲击,会发生振动放大现象,为抑制该振动放大,工程界提出了采用阻尼环的抑制方式。但是针对阻尼环抑振机理的研究显见公开文献发表。针对此问题,基于有限元法建立了理论模型,对发射段飞轮轮体振动放大机制和阻尼环抑振机理进行了分析;为了优化黏弹性阻尼参数,建立了飞轮-阻尼环的等效多自由度模型,给出了最优阻尼的表达式。结果表明,飞轮结构的"拍动振型模态"是其在发射段的轴向共振放大模态,导致轮体结构发生挠性大变形;阻尼环能够有效减小飞轮挠性变形的机理主要有两个:一是阻尼环的某阶模态与飞轮结构"拍动振型模态"相互作用,阻尼环充当动力吸振器;二是通过黏弹性阻尼耗能。对安装阻尼环的飞轮进行了实验研究,通过频响函数对比验证了所揭示的机理。     

双球体挠性接管充压泄漏故障原因分析与测定

针对双球体挠性接管某次充压试验发生泄漏故障,对故障原因和故障测定进行了研究。通过对挠性接管安装、挠性接管密封面的损坏情况以及胶管帘子布损坏部位勘验,结合KST-F(0)G挠性接管的结构分析,测定发生泄漏的原因是接管安装不合理造成,并通过试验再现了故障,验证了分析结果。由此进一步规范了双球体挠性接管安装要求。     

挠性飞行器姿态机动的振动抑制

研究了使用喷嘴作为执行机构的挠性飞行器姿态机动的时间次优控制设计方法。在机动过程中,挠性振动对机动时间和机动精度具有很大的影响,给出了挠性振动抑制手段,使机动完成的同时,振动得到有效抑制。由于振动频率和振动阻尼不易精确参数化,所以同时考虑挠性振动抑制设计方法对振动频率和振动阻尼的鲁棒性设计问题,通过信真验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

卫星挠性附件用黏弹性阻尼器试验研究

用黏弹性阻尼器对卫星挠性附件进行仿真和实验分析与探讨。基于环形约束阻尼层减振原理,设计低频振 动抑制阻尼器,安装在挠性附件与星体之间,保证连接刚度并提供阻尼;建立挠性附件-阻尼器的有限元模型,通过模态 和频响分析获得不同阻尼参数对结构低频振动抑制影响规律;进行减振试验研究,结果表明,施加阻尼器后系统在1.4 Hz 处共振放大比降低30 %以上,阻尼器低频振动抑制效果良好。该结果对此类阻尼器的在轨应用提供工程设计 参考。     

玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶阻尼复合材料研究

为了改善橡胶的力学性能和阻尼性能,以橡胶、纤维和铅为原料设计了玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶阻尼复合材料,研究了不同玻璃纤维增强铅网铺层数量的横向玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶复合材料力学性能和阻尼性能,分析了其阻尼机制.结果表明,复合材料具有比橡胶更高的力学性能和阻尼特性,其刚度随铅网铺层数量的增加而提高,而阻尼损耗因子与铺层数呈非线性关系.复合材料中存在材料变形耗能、界面耗能、摩擦耗能等多种阻尼损耗机制.     

放大型黏滞阻尼墙的力学性能与试验研究

该文提出一种多杠杆并联的放大型黏滞阻尼墙,根据放大型黏滞阻尼墙的构造和受力特点,分析了放大装置的竖向提拉效应,提出了普通型和放大型黏滞阻尼墙的阻尼力及耗能理论公式,并对装置的变形和耗能进行了分析。设计制作3倍位移放大型装置黏滞阻尼墙和普通黏滞阻尼墙的试验模型,并在正弦波的作用下进行往复加载试验,分析不同试验工况下黏滞阻尼墙的滞回耗能曲线,并将理论曲线与试验曲线进行了对比,验证了力学模型的正确性。在相同位移下,放大型黏滞阻尼墙比普通阻尼墙滞回曲线更加饱满、耗能更为显著。最后以三层混凝土框架结构为计算模型进行减震分析,确认了考虑竖向提拉效应的放大型黏滞阻尼墙的减震效果。     

增位型阻尼墙力学模型及跨层减震结构的地震响应分析

提出了一种将增位型黏滞阻尼墙跨层布置的增效耗能减震结构体系。基于能量等效原理,并采用积分的方法建立了增位型阻尼墙的阻尼力和滞回耗能的计算公式,进行了普通黏滞阻尼墙和位移放大3倍的增位型阻尼墙的拟静力试验,在相同的位移幅值和加载频率下,增位型阻尼墙的阻尼力放大4.40倍,耗能平均放大4.41倍。进一步对某30层混凝土框架核心筒结构进行普通阻尼墙与增位型阻尼墙的地震响应对比分析。通过对比分析验证了增位型阻尼墙的减震效果,并且发现增位型阻尼墙跨层布置时的结构附加阻尼比倍数提高,结构响应进一步减小。将增位型阻尼墙跨层布置可取得更优的减震控制效果。     

反映阻尼影响的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型

通过引入有效阻尼应力和阻尼应力,提出了一种基于损伤的阻尼模型,并与混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型相结合,建议了一类可以直接在材料层次考虑阻尼耗能影响的弹塑性损伤本构模型。当材料处于线弹性阶段,该阻尼模型退化为经典的Rayleigh刚度比例阻尼;同时,还可以描述材料非线性阶段损伤演化引起的耗能能力降低、裂缝闭合后耗能能力(部分)恢复等典型的非线性结构阻尼行为。利用建议的本构模型,通过HHT-α方法可以将结构的动力非线性分析转化为常规的无阻尼结构动力学问题来处理,十分方便有限元方法实现。对Koyna大坝的地震动时程分析结果表明了建议模型及其数值算法的有效性,可以应用于混凝土结构的非线性动力反应分析。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.