国内除雪机械现状及发展趋势

1．国内主要除雪方式 （1）人工除雪 人工除雪作业时间长，劳动强度大，工作效率低，耗费人力物力，而且大量人员集中在机动车道上作业很不安全，交通事故时有发生。     

破冰清雪设备的设计及其机架的有限元分析

通过对比以前的除雪和除冰设备,设计了城市道路破冰清雪设备的关键部件,对其进行了功率的计算,并对其机架进行了静力学分析和模态分析,通过分析结果对机架进行改进,得到最优方案。该破冰清雪与其他破冰清雪设备相比,有效减小刀具对路面的损伤,并且有一定辅助推雪的作用,该设备传动可靠平稳、噪音低、升降灵活、高度调节范围大。该破冰清雪设备类似金属切削加工中的圆柱铣刀铣削,路面冰雪被一层层分离破碎,有利于城市硬质冰雪的清除,从而提高了破冰率。     

一种新型除雪除冰车的设计

为了提高现有除雪除冰方法的效率,克服道路损伤大、费时费力的缺点,通过分析吹风机吹干头发的工作原理,结合移动电源车的行驶方便特性,应用SolidWorks三维设计软件,构建出了新型除雪除冰车的三维模型,设计中使用可减少驱动元件数量的变胞机构,应用互锁电路控制机构自由度和构件数量变化,设计了一种结构简单、操作方便、依靠高速高温气体实现快速除雪除冰的设备。该设备可自由灵活行驶在各个道路中,扩大了设备的使用范围,对道路损伤小。设计成果可以为企业开发设计新型除雪除冰设备提供思路和方案。     

双绞龙式屋顶冰雪清除装置的设计

为了解决暴雪天气下,屋顶积雪不能被及时有效地清除的问题,设计了一款双绞龙式屋顶冰雪清除装置.该装置主要由双绞龙冰雪清除机构、履带式行走机构、背负式机架、仿形刮雪铲、传动行程限位装置和STM32F103RCT6单片机控制系统组成,可适用于不同长度、坡度的屋顶,可实现破冰除雪一体化作业.通过三维设计与仿真和物理模型的建立,有效地展现了该装置在针对屋顶表面清除冰雪所表现出的自动化、高实用性和除雪效果显著等特点.     

一种抛雪车导向装置的应用研究

除雪设备中的抛雪车在城市除雪过程中因其不能改变抛雪的方向和距离以实现快速装车,限制了抛雪车的使用范围。本文提出了一种新的导向装置,抛雪车安装该装置后,能实现抛雪车作业抛出的雪精准装车,大大地提升抛雪车的工作效率,扩大了抛雪车的使用范围,使得抛雪车真正实现了除雪机械化作业应做到的除雪及时,边下边除,不留积雪的目标。     

公园小道多功能除冰车的设计研究

针对北方冬季对公园道路的需求问题,基于热水射流与铣削技术研制了一款专用于公园小道的多功能除冰设备。介绍该除冰设备的结构与工作原理,运用软件进行了相关建模仿真,并对该除冰设备的功率进行了相关的匹配性研究。该除冰设备具有除雪、除冰,越障保护等多种功能,具有绿色环保、效率高、性价比高、社会经济效益好等优点,具有一定的市场前景。     

多功能小型扫雪除冰车的研制

针对目前国内外的除雪或除冰车结构复杂、售价高、使用维修成本大、推广和普及困难的发展现状,成功研制了一台多功能的扫雪除冰车。该车同时具有前螺旋扫雪,中间破冰滚筒除冰,后扫冰机构收集破碎冰块的多重功能。详细介绍了该车的典型结构与工作原理,运用PROE软件对其进行了建模、虚拟装配和运动仿真;制造出了实物样机并给出了主要性能参数。实践证明该扫雪除冰车外形尺寸小、功能全、操作简单和性价比高,最后分析了其应用前景。     

大型装载机除雪装置设计

主要介绍我国北方冬季降雪后,人工除雪、融雪剂除雪及机械除雪的优劣。重点对大型装载机除雪装置的工况进行分析,研究除雪装置的设计要求,提出合理的设计方案,对除雪装置整体结构、除雪铲斗形、避障机构、铰接等机构进行详细设计。     

高速铁路钢轨轨面清扫及缺陷检测车设计

针对传统人工方式在轨道除雪的单一性和局限性及现有除雪作业车的价格昂贵且效果不佳的现状,设计了一款针对钢轨表面不同的结冰积雪情况进行分步骤高效处理,并对处理的结果进行及时的检测,来确保行车安全的轨面处理及缺陷检测车。通过各模块之间的协调配合大大提高了清冰除雪的效率,减轻了工人的劳作强度,降低了清冰除雪过程中对钢轨的伤害,减少了轨道表面二次结冰的概率,降低了降雪天气下列车运行过程中的安全隐患,为建造高速高效的全方位轨道清冰除雪设备提供新的方案。     

钢轨表面结冰积雪分步处理装置设计

针对在恶劣环境影响下,钢轨表面结冰积雪现状,通过对现有钢轨表面结冰积雪处理装置的结构创新,设计了一种钢轨表面结冰积雪分步处理装置.通过短波红外加热除雪融冰、轨面冰渣清扫、木纤维块初次吸水、热对流表面蒸发和木纤维块最终吸水,实现处理钢轨表面结冰积雪的目的;该装置的应用提高了钢轨表面除冰除雪的效率,优化了处理效果,可以避免...     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.