氮氩流量比对NiTiAlCrN涂层抗空蚀性能的影响

通过改变通入氮气与氩气的比例,探究不同N含量NiTiAlCrN涂层的结构与性能。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪等表征涂层材料的组织结构和形貌,超声振动空蚀机对涂层进行空蚀实验,探究NiTiAlCrN涂层空蚀破坏的机理。结果表明,NiTiAlCrN涂层呈面心立方结构,在(111)和(200)晶面呈现择优取向。随着氮氩流量比增加,硬度、弹性模量和抗空蚀性能先升高后降低。氮氩流量比为1∶1时涂层的结构最致密,晶粒最细,硬度最高,抗空蚀性能最强。氮氩流量比为3∶2时涂层所能承受的弹性势能最大,韧性最强,但抗空蚀的能力低于氮氩流量比为1∶1时的涂层,说明硬度比弹性模量对涂层抗空蚀方面的影响更大。在空蚀坑的内壁发现大量的Cr₂O₃、Al₂O₃等具备抗空蚀性的氧化物,减轻微射流的冲击,降低对涂层的进一步损坏。     

AC-HVAF非晶和金属陶瓷涂层在压裂液中空蚀行为研究

采用超声空蚀与电化学测试相结合的方法,对AC-HVAF热喷涂非晶金属和金属陶瓷两种涂层在水力压裂液中的空蚀及交互作用规律进行了研究,分析了耐蚀性和硬度在空蚀时的主导作用,确定了空蚀机理。结果表明,压裂液中KCl恶化了涂层的腐蚀性能,进而影响了空蚀行为。涂层在压裂液中的抗空蚀性能是耐蚀性与硬度结合的双变量函数。空化的力学破坏对高硬度涂层的空蚀过程有显著影响,硬度相对较高的金属陶瓷防护涂层的抗空蚀性能优异。压裂工况下,AC-HVAF涂层空蚀损伤是由于气泡溃灭垂直冲击孔隙或缺陷区域,硬相直接被剥离表面。降低孔隙和提高粘结相结合强度有助于提高涂层在压裂液中的抗空蚀性能。     

激光熔敷钴合金涂层的抗空蚀和冲刷磨损性能

采用激光熔敷方法在20SiMn低合金钢表面制成了Co合金涂层，以两种目前水轮机转用材20SiMn低合金钢和0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢作为对比材料，对涂层进行了空蚀，液固两相流冲刷磨损及空蚀和冲刷磨损联合作用实验，采用失重法并结合能谱分析，X射线衍射分析及显微硬度测量等手段研究了涂层的显微结构和在不同形式损伤下涂层的性能并分析了原因。结果表明：在20SiMn低合金钢表面激光熔敷形成的Co合金涂层有良好的抗空蚀性能，这与涂层在空蚀过程中发生的应力诱发马氏体相变密切相关。良好的抗空蚀性能有利于提高涂层抗空蚀和冲刷磨损联合破坏，从而使涂层表现出与0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢接近的抗联合损伤性能。     

高强韧中锰钢在模拟黄河水沙冲刷下的磨蚀机理

通过MCF-30试验机模拟黄河水沙冲刷，研究高强韧复相中锰钢磨蚀失效机理及不同水泵材料的耐磨蚀性能与力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：微裂纹初期多在奥氏体/马氏体相界萌生，扩展后产生空蚀坑，在水沙冲刷下进一步破坏而形成更大尺寸的凹坑。同时相界面的增多导致耐磨蚀性能下降。随着温度的升高，中锰钢的奥氏体体积分数从16.4%上升到22.9%,质量损失速率从2.6 g·m^-2·h^-1增加至7.8 g·m^-2·h^-1。此外，研究对比中锰钢和现役抽黄泵叶轮材料的力学性能和磨蚀质量损失之间的关系，发现在不发生脆性断裂时，材料硬度越高，磨蚀质量损失越低；而当材料在水沙冲刷下发生塑性变形时，抗拉强度越高的材料抗磨蚀性能也越好；硬度相近时，改善材料的塑性、韧性，也有助于改善抗磨蚀性能。与现有叶轮材料相比，中锰钢在抗拉强度、加工硬化能力、硬度和韧性等各方面的综合性能更佳，因此有望在延长抽黄泵叶轮材料使用寿命方面具有较好的应用前景。     

材料表面抗空蚀涂层的研究进展

空蚀现象广泛存在于海洋平台、船舶机械和能源发电等领域。这种腐蚀现象不仅造成了巨大的经济损失,也成为相关从业人员的安全隐患。本文概述了抗空蚀涂层材料技术的研究进展,重点介绍了抗空蚀金属涂层技术和抗空蚀聚合物涂层技术。最后对目前抗空蚀材料存在的问题及未来发展进行了展望。     

微/纳米复合涂层的耐空蚀性能

为提高流体机械的耐空蚀性能,模拟实际工况,利用转盘式磨损试验装置研究了涂覆微/纳米复合涂层及另外4种传统表面处理方法处理的45钢的耐空蚀性能;采用失重法和扫描电镜(SEM)对空蚀磨损结果进行了分析。结果表明:5种试件的空蚀磨损机理基本相同,主要是材料表面在微射流的反复冲击下,产生塑性变形、疲劳凹坑和坑边缘的塑性堆积,从而导致材料的流失;与4种传统表面处理方法相比,微/纳米复合涂层的耐空蚀性能最好,空蚀磨蚀30 h后,基本没有失重。     

热/冷喷涂典型抗空蚀涂层结构与性能研究

冷喷涂作为近年来兴起的涂层固态沉积技术,所制备的涂层具有高结合强度、高硬度、无氧化夹杂等优点,在过流器械表面的空蚀损伤防护方面极具应用潜力。采用冷喷涂技术,在40Cr钢基体表面制备了高致密的CuAl9Fe1铝青铜抗空蚀涂层,利用光镜/扫描电镜、显微硬度计、超声波空蚀试验机、三维轮廓仪等设备,表征了涂层的微观结构、力学性能及抗空蚀性能,分析了涂层的空蚀破坏形貌及机理,并与超音速火焰(high-velocity oxygen-fuel, HVOF)喷涂制备的WC类典型抗空蚀涂层(WC-Co-Cr和WC-Cr₂C₃-Ni)进行了对比。结果表明,冷喷涂CuAl9Fe1涂层的平均孔隙率为1.4%,平均显微硬度为3126 MPa,平均结合强度为32.3 MPa,空蚀6 h的空蚀深度为4.988μm;与之相比,HVOF喷涂的WC-Co-Cr和WC-Cr₂C₃-Ni涂层的平均孔隙率分别为0.7%和1.6%,平均显微硬度分别为10 065和10 094 MPa,平均结合强度分别为84.2和73.5 MPa,空蚀6 h...     

CeO2改性多尺度WC-CoCr涂层组织结构及空蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术，制备多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层和纳米CeO₂改性涂层。研究添加纳米CeO₂对多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层组织结构、力学性能的影响。并采用超声振动空蚀装置研究淡水介质中涂层的空蚀行为和机理。研究表明，改性涂层和未改性涂层物相均主要由WC相和非晶CoCr组成，没有产生明显的脱碳相。纳米CeO₂改性多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层具有更低孔隙率(0.25%),但涂层显微硬度(1 134 HV_0.3)只有多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层的83%。同时其开裂韧性(5.27 MPa·m^1/2)相对于多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层降低了4%。纳米CeO₂的添加削弱了涂层在淡水介质的抗空蚀性能，其抗空蚀性能只达到多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层的61%。纳米CeO₂的添加降低了多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层的孔隙率，但同时削弱了涂层的力学性能，由此降低了涂层的抗空蚀性能。     

NWC—Ni纳米涂层的制备方法研究

分别用等离子喷焊法（PTS）、冷喷涂法（cs）和复合电镀法（NCP）在2Cr13不锈钢母材上制备了nWC—Ni纳米涂层，并对涂层进行了XRD分析和抗磨蚀性能测试，结果表明，CS法的涂层因与母材未达到完全冶金结合，所以不具备优良抗磨蚀性能。PTS法和NCP法所获得的涂层均能与母材牢固结合，具有优良的抗磨蚀性能，但因在PTS法过程中存在涂层质量的衰变现像，故其涂层性能仍不如NCP优。     

水工混凝土的空蚀试验及抗空蚀性能

利用旋转圆盘空蚀试验装置,通过在拟定水流条件下对不同配合比混凝土材料折抗空蚀试验,测定井分析了该类蚀和的抗空蚀行为。结果表明,水工混凝土在空蚀荷载的交变应力应变和单向应力应变作用下,其空蚀特征参数与疲劳特性指标具有良好的相关关系。     

Research on cavitation erosion and wear resistance performance of coatings

Depending on the nature of the working medium and working conditions, corrosive and cavitation damage shall arise to pump’s components. In industrial applications the corrosion-reducing coatings are sprayed on hydraulic components. But it is questionable whether such products actually do help under wear or cavitation loads or not. Abrasive jet wear tests were carried out to determine the wear resistance of coating materials: polymers and ceramics, cast iron, and steel of various types. The samples were loaded for five hours, and finally the wear depth was measured as a determining indicator of the sample’s wear resistance. Results of investigation on anti-erosion performance of epoxy resin, ceramic and Polyurethane (PU) coatings brushed on alloy steel surface were also presented. Cavitation erosion tests were performed on the ultrasonic rig. The mass loss and surface morphology of the specimens were examined by balance analysis and 3-D laser microscopy, respectively. The investigations showed excellent wear-resisting performance of ceramic coatings, which is better than wear-resistance of stainless steel, cast iron and high chrome alloy steel. But the excellent wear-resisting performance could not guarantee a good erosion-resisting performance. The ceramic coatings’ anti-erosion performances were inferior to that of gray cast iron, and hardly comparable to those of stainless steels. The basic factors that influenced coating’s cavitation erosion endurance were adhesion and thickness of coatings. Analysis of coating’s degradation mechanism showed that PU coatings could withstand longer incubation period thus enhancing the materials’ cavitation erosion resistance. Several practical cases were analyzed, showing some guidance for coatings’ application.     

Cavitation erosion behavior of nitinol coating sealed by epoxy resin

The nitinol coating against cavitation erosion was prepared by air plasma spraying and sealed with epoxy resin successfully. After the coating sealed with epoxy resin, the pores and cracks of the coating were filled with the epoxy resin and then the cohesiveness between the lamellae was improved, the hardness increased from 3.68 GPa to 7.49 GPa, the energy recovery ratio (superelasticity) was improved from 41.9 % to 49.0 % and the toughness was enhanced from 0.011 GPa to 0.045 GPa. During the cavitation erosion test, the epoxy resin reduced the cavitation resources and absorbed the impact energy from the micro-jet or shock waves. Meanwhile, the high hardness and superelasticity can help the coating to resist cavitation erosion and the high toughness can delay the expansion of cracks during the cavitation erosion test. As a result, after cavitation erosion for 300 min the cumulative mass loss of the coating sealed by epoxy resin was 1/5 times as much as that of the nitinol coating without sealing. Therefore, the cavitation erosion resistance of the nitinol coating can be improved by sealed with epoxy resin.     

Entwicklung einer neuartigen wirtschaftlichen,eisenbasierten Beschichtung zur Erhöhung der Lebensdauer von Gussbauteilen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Korrosionsbeständigkeit

Cast irons are widely used to produce parts in rotating machines, e.g. in pumps, due to their excellent casting properties, machinability and good mechanical properties as well as their high economic advantages compared to other materials. However, they have to be replaced by more expensive materials in combination with more complex processes to meet the increased requirements of corrosion and erosion resistance. A more economical approach to increase the corrosion and erosion resistance of components of cast irons is to prevent the parts from corrosive and erosive attacks by means of a protective coating. In this research work, a novel economical iron based protective coating system based on a FeCrMnBC alloy was developed via atmospheric plasma spraying and investigated in terms of its corrosion behavior. The results show a significant improvement compared to uncoated substrate EN‐GJL‐250. This novel coating exhibits a high potential to protect parts of cast irons.     

WC对铜基和镍基喷焊覆层材料耐气蚀性能的影响

在CuNiSiB,NiCrSiB自熔合金粉末中添加WC陶瓷颗粒，利用氧乙炔焰粉末喷焊工艺制备覆层材料，用超声波振动气蚀仪对覆层材料进行耐气蚀性能研究，用扫描电子显微镜对覆层材料表面气蚀破坏形貌进行观察，结果表明：复合覆层材料的耐气蚀能力比基体强；提高CuNiSiB覆层材料耐气蚀能力的途径是强化晶界，还探讨了覆层材料的气蚀破坏机理。     

Cavitation damage to geomaterials in a flowing system

Short-time cavitation erosion of rocks and cementitious composites is investigated in a laboratory flow cavitation chamber. Cavitation erosion with an exposure time as low as 10 seconds generates measurable damage. Mineral composition plays a major role in the cavitation erosion of the material. The erosion mainly occurs in an intergranular or intercrystalline mode, respectively. Fracture toughness of rock and conventional concrete is a good indication of cavitation erosion resistance. However, density is a second important evaluation parameter; materials with a low degree of pre-existing flaws, namely glass and high-strength silica cement, show an extraordinary high erosion resistance. The cavitation erosion of the rock materials tested in this study is always higher than that of conventional concrete mixtures. Elastic strain energy density is not a measure of cavitation erosion resistance of rocks and cementitious composites. A parameter = d _M · E _M · _M/K _Ic ⁿ is derived to approximate the cavitation erosion resistance of the materials. The parameter n is a function of the R-curve-behavior.     

WC对CuNiSiB喷焊覆层材料耐气蚀性的影响

在CuNiSiB自熔合金粉末中添加不同量的硬质WC陶瓷颗粒 ,利用氧乙炔焰粉末喷焊工艺制备覆层材料 ,用超声波振动气蚀仪对覆层材料进行耐气蚀性能实验 ,用扫描电子显微镜对覆层表面气蚀破坏形貌进行观察。结果表明 :复合覆层材料的耐气蚀能力比基体强 ,且随着WC颗粒加入量的增加 ,耐气蚀能力逐渐增大 ;提高CuNiSiB覆层材料耐气蚀能力的途径是强化晶界。该文还探讨了覆层材料的气蚀机理     

Chromium Coating Developed on Mo-Base Materials

Mo-base materials have special use in many fields. One of them is to use as substrate materials for dynamic airproof ring. But the hardness and the wear resistance of Mo-base materials are not good for working under the condition of high temperature and high speed. So it must be cover with chromium coating that has high hardness, excellent wear resistance and high credibility. At present, chrome plating on Mo-base materials is very difficult. So we try to make Chrome coating by LPPS. This paper presented Cr coating that is successfully developed on Mo-base materials by controlling the spraying parameters, especially the air pressure in the spraying chamber. Prepared Cr coating was dense with few pores, bonded well with Mo -base materials. It had high hardness and excellent wear resistance.