石墨烯/聚酰胺6纤维的混合熔融纺丝工艺及性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用溶液混合冷冻干燥法制备了质量分数0.004%的石墨烯/聚酰胺6(PA6)粒料,再用2种工艺制备石墨烯/PA6纤维——石墨烯/PA6粒料直接熔融纺丝;石墨烯/PA6粒料加入双螺杆挤出机熔融混合、挤出、造粒、熔融纺丝。用万能试验机测试了纤维的拉伸性能;用差示扫描量热分析测试了纤维的熔融行为并计算了结晶度;用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了石墨烯/PA6纤维的微观形态。研究结果表明,微量石墨烯的加入能够显著改善PA6纤维的拉伸性能,制备的石墨烯/PA6纤维的拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别可达到270 MPa和9.4GPa;工艺一制备的石墨烯/PA6纤维的热力学性能优于工艺二;较高的熔融纺丝温度可提高纤维的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、熔点和结晶度;SEM分析表明,石墨烯较均匀地分散在PA6基体中,纤维表面均匀,无明显瑕疵。     

氧化石墨烯-酚醛树脂薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用化学分散法大量制备氧化石墨烯,并采用直接共混法制备氧化石墨烯/酚醛树脂纳米复合材料.通过AFM、SEM、FT-IR、TG等对其进行表征,结果表明,氧化石墨烯完全剥离,并在基体中分散均匀,而且两者界面相容性好,提高了复合材料的热稳定性.通过高温热处理使复合材料薄膜在兼顾形貌的同时实现导电,当氧化石墨烯含量为2%(质量分数)时,其导电率为96.23S/cm.     

石墨烯/聚酰胺6纤维的混合熔融纺丝工艺及性能

采用溶液混合冷冻干燥法制备了质量分数0.004%的石墨烯/聚酰胺6(PA6)粒料,再用2种工艺制备石墨烯/PA6纤维——石墨烯/PA6粒料直接熔融纺丝;石墨烯/PA6粒料加入双螺杆挤出机熔融混合、挤出、造粒、熔融纺丝。用万能试验机测试了纤维的拉伸性能;用差示扫描量热分析测试了纤维的熔融行为并计算了结晶度;用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了石墨烯/PA6纤维的微观形态。研究结果表明,微量石墨烯的加入能够显著改善PA6纤维的拉伸性能,制备的石墨烯/PA6纤维的拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别可达到270 MPa和9.4GPa;工艺一制备的石墨烯/PA6纤维的热力学性能优于工艺二;较高的熔融纺丝温度可提高纤维的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、熔点和结晶度;SEM分析表明,石墨烯较均匀地分散在PA6基体中,纤维表面均匀,无明显瑕疵。     

聚酰胺46/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料结晶性能和热性能

利用溶液共混法成功制得聚酰胺46(PA46)/氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米复合材料。通过透射电镜观察得到氧化石墨烯在聚酰胺46中的纳米尺度的分散情况,差示扫描量热法的测试结果说明极少量的氧化石墨烯的加入可以对聚酰胺46的结晶起成核剂的作用,进一步通过Avrami方程分析得知受限制的环境使结晶生长的维度下降。聚酰胺46的熔点随着添加0.1%氧化石墨烯含量时升高了2.6℃,其热稳定性和动态力学性能也随之提高。     

石墨烯/氧化石墨烯-聚乳酸的制备与表征

通过优化Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯,并用水合肼还原法制备了石墨烯,且对自制的石墨烯和氧化石墨烯进行了测试及分析;然后通过溶液插层法制得纳米级聚乳酸/石墨烯和聚乳酸/氧化石墨烯复合材料,并对其分散性、热学性能以及力学性能进行了分析。对石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的表征结果说明,水合肼可以还原氧化石墨,所制备的石墨烯纯度较高。对聚乳酸/石墨烯和聚乳酸/氧化石墨烯复合材料的性能分析结果表明,在聚乳酸的结晶度、结晶速率和对聚乳酸的结晶成核上,石墨烯比氧化石墨烯具有更优异的表现,但在热稳定性能方面,氧化石墨烯比石墨烯优异;在力学性能方面,有增强和降低两种影响,添加少量氧化石墨烯时聚乳酸的力学性能降低,而含质量分数为0.5%的石墨烯复合材料在拉伸实验和冲击实验中的增强效果较为明显。     

原位氨基化氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合材料的制备及性能

以1,4-双（4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基）苯（6FAPB）和3,3',4,4'-二苯醚四酸二酐（ODPA）为合成聚酰亚胺（PI）的单体,首先采用原位氨基化方法使氧化石墨烯（GO）与6FAPB反应转变为原位氨基化GO,再与ODPA和剩余的6FAPB发生聚合反应得到原位氨基化GO/聚酰胺酸（PAA）溶液。涂膜后,经热酰亚胺化制备出GO质量分数分别为0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.3wt%、0.5wt%和1.0wt%的原位氨基化GO/PI复合材料膜。利用FTIR、XPS、XRD、UV-vis、TGA、TMA、SEM、拉伸性能测试及接触角测试对原位氨基化GO/PI复合材料的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,原位氨基化使GO以化学键与PI大分子链连接,有利于GO在复合材料基体中的稳定和均匀分散。XRD结果表明,所得到的原位氨基化GO/PI复合材料膜均为无定型结构。随GO质量分数增加,原位氨基化GO/PI复合材料薄膜的光学透明性急剧降低,但力学性能和热稳定性有一定提高。当GO的质量分数为1.0wt%时,原位氨基化GO/PI复合材料的拉伸强度由64 MPa增加到83 MPa,杨氏模量由1.67 GPa提高到2.10 GPa,10%热失重温度由593℃增加到597℃,玻璃化转变温度变化不大。由于热酰亚胺化后GO表面的大部分含氧官能团消失,原位氨基化GO/PI复合材料膜的吸水率由0.86%降低至0.58%,水接触角由72.5°增加到77.8°。     

石墨烯/酚醛树脂复合材料的制备及电学性能研究

以石墨为原料,采用改进Hummers方法制备氧化石墨,在水中经超声分散得到氧化石墨烯分散液,经80%水合肼还原得到石墨烯。又以苯酚和甲醛为原料,草酸和盐酸作催化剂,制备热塑性酚醛树脂。得到的石墨烯与酚醛树脂由熔融共混法制备其复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、交流阻抗等分别对石墨烯以及石墨烯/酚醛树脂复合材料进行形貌和结构表征及电学性能测试。研究结果表明:采用改进Hummers方法制备的石墨烯有良好的片层状形貌,石墨烯均匀包覆着酚醛树脂,石墨烯/酚醛树脂复合材料有良好的导电性能。当石墨烯的添加量为2.0%时,复合材料的阻抗为140Ω,比未添加时阻抗减少25倍。     

氧化石墨烯/改性磁性壳聚糖复合材料对Cu2+的吸附研究

以石墨粉和壳聚糖为原料,采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,再用四氧化三铁、二乙烯三胺和柠檬酸改性壳聚糖,合成了羧甲基氨基化改性磁性壳聚糖;通过超声分散制备氧化石墨烯水溶胶,再与改性磁性壳聚糖进行复合,成功制得氧化石墨烯/改性磁性壳聚糖复合吸附材料。研究结果表明,在pH=6,吸附剂用量为50mg,吸附时间为90min条件下,氧化石墨烯/改性磁性壳聚糖复合吸附材料对100mL、50mg/L铜离子(Cu~(2+))的吸附容量达到70.3mg/g,且吸附行为符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

氧化石墨烯对本征石墨烯在天然橡胶基体中的分散促进作用研究

本征石墨烯分散在高分子材料中能够能够明显提高分子的导热性能,但因为本征石墨烯表面缺乏活性基团,片与片之间强大的范德华作用力使其在高分子材料中的解聚和均匀分散尤为困难。氧化石墨烯被证明具有两亲性,从片层边缘至片层中间呈现亲水至疏水的分布,使其能发挥类似表面活性剂的功用。研究证明,氧化石墨烯能够显著促进石墨烯在水性橡胶乳液中的分散,使石墨烯能够均匀的分散在制备得到的石墨烯/氧化石墨烯/天然橡胶复合材料中,进而使得天然橡胶的导热性能得到大幅度的提升。     

聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯纳米复合膜的制备及生物性能研究

采用溶液浇铸法和超声分散工艺制备了聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯(PLA/n-HA/GO)纳米生物复合膜,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对其断面形貌进行了研究,借助X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了纳米羟基磷灰石和氧化石墨烯的加入对所得复合膜结构的影响,并对其生物相容性进行了探讨.结果表明,氧化石墨烯和纳米羟基磷灰石在复合膜中分散均匀;细胞在复合膜上贴附牢固、铺展良好,具有良好的生长形态.聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯复合材料为细胞提供了接近天然细胞外基质的人造微环境,显示了该材料在引导组织修复和再生领域中的应用潜力.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.