中国城市“新移民”聚居区居住满意度研究——以北京、上海、广州为例

采用在北京、上海、广州等地实地调研所获得问卷数据,运用计量方法,分析了中国城市"新移民"的居住满意度及其影响因素。研究表明,"北上广"新移民聚居区的居住满意度属一般水平;新移民聚居区的居住满意度不仅受其社会经济条件或设施配置水平影响,其决定因素包括:社区归属感、所在城市管治强度、居民收入和设施条件(如空调);社会归属感是影响当代中国城市"新移民"聚居区居住满意度的最重要因素。指出地方融合与归属感的构建对新移民及其社区发展极为重要,应以营造社会融合、建立地方归属感为目标,建设新型社会空间,实现新移民聚居区的满意和谐。     

“半城市化”与“市民化”——新型城镇化背景下的城市正式移民问题研究

新型城镇化的人本主义内涵之一即是强调城镇化水平由数量型增长向质量型增长的转变。"半城市化"指已取得城市户籍的正式迁移人口在居住就业、社会行为和社会心理等层面尚未完全融入城市社会的状态。这一现象的长期存在不利于新型城镇化的实现与推进。研究选择一部分在南京城区内种菜的人为调查对象,通过与城市普通居民在居住和生活方式方面的比较,以及他们对自我身份的认同和周边居民对他们的认同情况来印证城市正式移民中"半城市化"状态的存在。从社会融合的视角构建了一个评价指标体系,借以测量他们的"市民化"程度,并指出经济收入水平与城市正式移民的"市民化"程度正相关。     

中国大城市保障房社区的社会融合研究——以广州为例

采用因子分析、回归分析等计量方法,对广州保障房社区社会融合状况作了分析与测度,并对影响机制进行探究。研究表明,保障房社区社会融合度偏低(51.99),其融合的四个维度中"情感适应"最高(68.42),其次为"环境融合"(53.19)和"邻里交往"(50.33),最低为"社区互动"(40.70),保障房社区的社会融合呈现"内卷化"趋势。在社会融合的影响机制上,户籍制度和工作对"邻里交往"影响显著,个人和家庭社会经济特征对"社区互动"、"情感适应"影响显著,而"环境融合"则受户籍和居住时间的影响。文章提出,大规模建设城市保障房的背景下,应更多地关注社区发展,防止保障房社区沦为城市的"贫困孤岛"。     

居民归属感、邻里交往和社区参与的机制分析*——以广州市城中村改造为例

当前各地城市出现大量城中村改造项目,城中村居民的社会融合问题备受关注。基于2010-2013年广州典型城中村和复建房社区的问卷数据,主要采用计量研究方法,探讨改造对居民归属感、邻里交往和社区参与的作用机制。实证表明,改造对居民社区情感有重要影响,正全面重塑其影响机制:复建房社区的归属感远高于城中村社区,其归属感主要受"居住满意度"影响;邻里熟悉度主要受"与未成年子女同住"、"教育程度"和"居住年限"等因素影响;邻里互助主要受"人均家庭收入"影响;而社区参与度则主要受"户籍"影响。此外,复建房社区中的社区归属感、邻里熟悉和邻里互助三者与社区参与的相互作用力有所减弱。本文指出,城中村改造的后续工作应把重点置于复建房社区内各群体的社区融合之上,着力培育社区情感。     

水库移民安置社区老年人居环境相关文献综述

目前浙江省水利移民安置采用多产结合的新型城镇化安置方式。然而由于待安置人口的老龄化、半乡半城等特征,未能产生最大效用,已建安置社区的老年设施体系难以满足复杂的安置老年人口需求。本研究对水库移民的新型城镇化安置理论、老年人口需求和行为特征、移民安置区人居环境评价等领域的既往文献进行梳理和综述,综合全面解析水利移民安置社区老年人居环境研究背景和现状,寻找问题点,为下一步设计研究方案和方法打下基础。     

城市移民化社区中的居住流动——上海工人新村N的实地调查

本文选取了有60年历史的上海工人新村N为研究对象,通过档案阅读和实地访谈,对1990年代以来新村移民化过程中出现的本地和外来居民两个群体"双重流动"的现象进行了解读。通过居住流动在成因、方式、社会网络和结果四方面特征的分析和对比,揭示了不同居住身份的群体在社会变革中是如何通过居住状态的改变来实现其各自的社会流动和家庭结构调整,以及与传统的单位制社区相比,移民化的工人社区在社会网络和社区融合方面所呈现的新特征。     

浅谈建筑工业化中装配式建筑的发展现状及对城镇化的影响

装配式建筑是一种新型灵活式建筑方式,装配式建筑的形式和种类随着社会整体的变革逐步发展,将这种灵活性的建筑发展理念融合在我国城镇化建设中,对城镇化实现"三个要"规划,具有重要的指导作用,本文分别从装配式建筑和城镇化的基础概念入手,对两者的融合发展进行研究,推进社会主义社会建设逐步实现完善与发展。     

人类学与都市文明——第十七届人类学高级论坛会议综述

主题为"人类学与都市文明"的第十七届人类学高级论坛于2018年11月3日—4日在上海师范大学召开。议题涉及都市人类学的发展脉络、时空与社区、新移民与城镇化、都市音乐与艺术等,与会学者讨论了在现今世界都市人类学研究的必要性和重要性,也通过自己的研究展现了都市人类学研究的一些着力点。伴随着中国的城镇化,人类学家不仅要关注边缘地区的文化与社会,也应该关注人类学意义上的都市文明。     

移民社区住宅建设的台湾启示

移民社区建设是城乡统筹建设中开展居住集约的重要内容。本文章通过分析2009年"88风灾"之后,台湾"永久屋"的建设模式及经验,并结合对嘉义县原住民逐鹿社区的实地考察,探讨移民社区中住宅永续设计、绿色建造、风貌控制、自建监督的必要性和实现途径,并对移民在新环境中出现的心理及社会适应问题进行讨论,以期对大陆地区移民社区的实践有所裨益。     

南海样本：教育现代化促进人的城镇化路径探析

新型城镇化的核心是人的城镇化，教育 现代化与县域城镇化的关系渐成研究热点。佛 山市南海区是全国工业大区与广东教育强区的 耦合。首先分析南海传统城镇化的成就与隐忧， 然后剖析南海教育城镇化的发展历程并厘定南 海教育现代化水平的核心指标体系。研究认为 南海在工业化带动城镇化的传统路径之外，还 走通一条教育促进人的城镇化的创新路径。最 后以教育现代化助推城镇化转型的内在逻辑为 分析框架，提出教育促进人的城镇化机制的三 种具体形式：一是全域优质均衡的基础教育，面 向所有孩子的素质教育而推动城乡办学质量融 合；二是定向精准适需的职业教育，针对青年学 徒的职业发展而推动城乡产教实践融合；三是 在地潜移默化的社区教育，面向全体市民的文明 素养而促进城乡社会文化融合。     

The Production of Global Space Under the Transnational Entrepreneurship: Empirical Study on Yiwu,Zhejiang Province,China

This research probes into the process, impact, and mechanism of the production of global space in Yiwu under the transnational entrepreneurship, utilizing the „spatial ternary theory” and methods of field investigation and in-depth interview. It focuses on analyzing how the local government, state-owned enterprises, transnational traders, local residents, and domestic migrants act and interact in the production of global space since the 1980s. Results showed that the production of global space in Yiwu goes through a process from delocalization, globalization to relocalization, indicating the local construction and reconstruction of economic, social, and living relationships in small- and medium-sized cities influenced by transnational entrepreneurship. The production of global space in Yiwu is jointly promoted by top-down government power and bottom-up social strength, and local governmental entrepreneurialism that has been directly influenced by globalization is a key engine. Field investigation also discovered that there is a phenomenon of transnational traders’ apparent integration and invisible isolation with local residents and domestic migrants in the new social relationships in Yiwu. These findings will enrich the empirical research on the global space in small- and medium-sized cities in the context of China, and on the dialectical and interchangable relationship of the trinity of ternary elements in the spatial ternary theory; and help deepen the understanding on urbanization and globalization of small-and medium-sized Chinese cities, and optimize the governance of transnational migrants and the ethnic enclaves they live.     

Supporting or dragging? effects of neighbourhood social ties on social integration of rural-to-urban migrants in China

Abstract

Urban scholars have debated the complex effects of neighbourhood-based social ties on the economic and social integration of marginalized populations in the mainstream urban society. Studies of migrant populations in China have noted the existence of strong neighbourhood ties and solidarity in migrant communities, but few have examined whether strong neighbourhood cohesion enhances or hinders broader social integration of rural migrants. This article investigates the extent to which different types of social ties in the neighbourhood, as opposed to more social networks developed at the city level, predict more frequent intergroup interaction and stronger place attachment among rural migrants in Chinese cities. Statistical analysis, using data from a twelve-city migrant survey, reveals that, while the diversity of social networks does matter, the neighbourhood is a territorial anchor supporting, rather than dragging, the urban social integration of rural migrants. The findings highlight the importance of neighbourhood in China’s inclusive urbanization strategy and potential conflicts in recent deprived neighbourhood redevelopment programs.     

上海浦东极化开发下的外来人口特征分析与思考

本文以浦东为例,探讨了该区域外来人口具有在年龄结构上以年轻化为主的劳动力资源特征、外来人口在来源地上具有一定的地域集中性、职业构成的变化与极化开发的阶段密切相关、以家庭为主的迁移趋势逐渐增强。外来人口在集聚的同时也存在社会极化现象,具体表现在收入、居住和空间占据方面,而导致外来人口社会极化的主要因素有受教育年限、专业的职业培训和所从事的职业类别。外来人口正在成为城市的新贫困阶层。在此基础上,根据外来人口特征提出解决社会极化要注意的几个问题:1、空间极化导致社会重构问题;2、坚持人力资本利用与开发相结合,减少社会极化;3、给外来人口平等地享有城市社会公共设施机会,减少动态社会极化;4、坚持以服务为导向,加强城乡结合部的管理。     

The Experiences of Immigrants in South Africa: a Case Study of Ethiopians in Durban,South Africa

In recent years there has been an increase in the number of immigrants in South Africa from non-SADC countries. This research was conducted with Ethiopian immigrants in Durban in an attempt to shed some insights into this new nexus. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of Ethiopian immigrants. The decision to migrate is motivated by a number of socio-economic factors including social networks and greater accessibility and availability of opportunities. The findings of this research suggest that most Ethiopian immigrants in South Africa are involved in the informal economic sector. The target of their economic activities is mainly South Africans in the townships and Ethiopian immigrants themselves. Crime is not the major concern because it does not impact the immigrant community. This research found that Ethiopian immigrants have not integrated into the local community. Language is a major barrier to integration. However, more efforts are needed to ensure their integration into the local community.     

Differential community effects on perception and use of urban greenspaces

The social profiles of residential communities exert differential effects on expectations and demands on urban greenspaces. We studied the diversity of public perception towards urban greenspaces in compact urban Hong Kong. Random household samples were selected from four dominant residential communities: old-core public housing (OP), old-core residential (OR), suburban residential (SR), and new-town public housing (NP). They denote gradations in income, housing quality, physical and social milieu, and development age. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Residents’ attitude, visiting pattern, greenspace preference, and assessment of neighborhood quality were investigated. SR presented distinctive results in comparison with others. The moderate differences between the remaining three communities were mainly linked to local traits in park environs. OP more emphasized the function of communal places for neighborly interactions associated with better social relationship of an older population. Parks in OR were the more frequently visited, even though its residents were sensitive to the negative impacts of urban greenspaces, which was related to urban blight in the environs. SR respondents highly appreciated greenspaces as pleasant settings for family activities and aesthetic enjoyment. NP residents were less frequent visitors despite generous park provision, due to the youthful population, weak social cohesion, and limited integration of new migrants. Community quality factors such as neighborhood relationship and urban density influenced the perception. Social qualities were more important than the physical aspects of parks in influencing visitorship. The findings suggest future research to deepen understanding of public perception towards urban greenspaces to inform park design.     

重大建设项目工程移民的社会适应研究——基于性别差异视角

工程移民的社会适应问题是中国城市化进程和重大建设工程的重要议题。以三峡工程秭归县城镇移民 231 份调查数据为基础,构建文化、心理、身份和经济四位一体影响因素体系,通过统计分析探究性别差异视角下工程移民社会适应的形成机理。研究结果表明:男性和女性工程移民在迁后社会适应程度相当,但两者社会适应的形成机理不尽相同,存在较明显的性别差异特征;工程移民群体的社会适应影响因素较多,居住条件、排挤歧视和借贷环境是最受关注的因素;男性工程移民社会适应主要受到经济收入和就业等因素影响,而女性工程移民则更关注迁后家庭发展。     

城乡一体化背景下的大成桥镇镇区居住用地选择探究

城乡一体化规划早在1980年伴随着苏南地区乡村工业化的发展就已经提出并付诸实践,尤其以2008年颁布的《城乡规划法》,标志着我国的城乡关系进入新的发展阶段。随着社会经济和生产力的进一步发展,我国城镇化建设进入加速期,村镇的发展建设得到越来越高的重视。基于长沙市全面推进“两型社会”建设和城乡一体化发展的需要,大成桥镇作为宁乡县中部较有代表性的村镇．本文将着重探讨在新的社会发展背景下村镇建设的居住用地选择的问题,更好地指导丘陵地区的村镇建设,推进城乡一体化的发展。     

居住环境品质优化下的中国社区规划演变研究——以广州市保障房社区为例

社区是社会治理的基石,构筑共建共治共享的社会治理模式是新时代对社区规划的顶层设计指引,也是国外社区规划的魅力所在。国内的社区规划长期聚焦于对物质空间的刻画,但随着政府和公众对居住环境品质关注度的提升,社区规划正逐步转型,但转型程度尚有待探索。以广州市早期及新建成的保障房社区为例,从居住环境品质的角度对规划实施成效及公众参与的影响程度进行比较评价。结果显示,保障房社区规划的制度设计与技术标准均有提升,规划编制与实施也更多地吸纳公众的意见。为社区规划的转型与社区共同缔造提供参考。