火焰原子吸收光谱法测定苋菜中8种矿物元素

用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法对苋菜中钾、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰、铅8种矿物元素进行了测定,对样品前处理方法、酸度、共存元素干扰及元素线性范围进行了实验。在选定的实验条件下,可以用火焰原子吸收光谱法对苋菜中8种元素进行分别测定,互不干扰。方法的相对标准偏差为0.08%~3.17%(n=5),加标回收率为91.5%~102%。     

ICP-OES法测定绞股蓝茶的微波消解液及浸出液中的矿物元素

采用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对绞股蓝茶的微波消解液及浸出液中的矿物元素进行了测定分析,实验发现:微波消解液中检出K、P、S、Na、Al、Fe、Mg、Si、Ca、Cd、B、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ba、Ti、Sr、Mn、V、Cr等20种矿物元素,分析结果的相对标准偏差在0.24%~10.4%之间;浸出液中检出K、Ca、S、Na、Mg、Si、Al、P、Mn、B、Sr、V、Cu等13种矿物元素,分析结果的相对标准偏差在0.44%~6.33%之间。实验结果可为深入研究绞股蓝茶提供基础数据。     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定胡萝卜中19种矿质元素

利用HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样、再应用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES),对胡萝卜中的矿物元素组成进行全面的分析与测定。定量分析了K、Ca、P、Na、S、Mg、Al、Si、Ba、Zn、Fe、Sr、B、Cu、Mn、V、Pb、Cr、Ti等19种矿物元素,定量结果相对标准偏差在0.15%~10.3%之间,标准样品回收率测定在89.0%~109.6%之间。实验结果可为胡萝卜的应用研究提供基础数据。     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中石榴石的成分分析

石榴石族矿物类质同象现象极为广泛,因此,化学成分比较复杂。按阳离子间的关系将本族矿物分为铝系和钙系两个完全类质同象系列,铁铝榴石系列分为3个亚种,钙铁榴石系列分为5个亚种。为了验证岩石薄片鉴定结果的准确性,本次实验是利用电子探针波谱技术对矿物进行分析,通过对样品的元素组成和成分含量的测试,推测矿物具体名称。7件样品的测试结果显示:MgO为17.35%~22.79%、SiO_2为41.30%~43.21%、FeO为6.41%~8.43%、TiO_2为0~1.27%、Al_2O_3为14.94%~20.98%、Cr_2O_3为2.72%~10.69%、CaO为4.58%~7.27%;总量为99.62%~100.88%,推测样品中的石榴石为镁铝榴石。     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定油麦菜中23种矿物元素

通过HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样、再应用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES),对油麦菜中的矿物元素组成进行了全面的分析与测定。共检出K、Ca、Na、P、Mg、S、Al、Si、Fe、Zn、Mn、Sr、B、Cu、V、T、Cr、As、Ba、Pb、Ga、Cd、Co等23种矿物元素,定量结果相对标准偏差在0.15%~13.3%之间,标准样品回收率在89.0%~109.6%之间。实验结果可为油麦菜的应用研究提供基础数据。     

绿萝卜20种矿质元素的微波消解-ICP-OES测定

利用HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样、再应用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES),对青皮萝卜中的矿物元素组成进行了全面的分析与测定。定量分析了K、S、Ca、P、Na、Mg、Al、Zn、Si、Fe、Ba、Sr、B、Cu、Mn、V、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ti等20种矿物元素,定量结果 RSD值在0.26%~10.5%之间,标准样品回收率在89.0%~109.6%之间。实验结果可为萝卜的应用研究提供基础数据。     

ICP-OES法快速测定白头翁中21种矿物元素

采用微波消解结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对白头翁中21种元素含量进行了测定。所采用方法线性关系良好,r≥0.999 0,各元素检出限均低于0.003 6 mg/L,加标回收率为88%~105%,RSD均小于3.6%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。结果表明,白头翁中矿物元素含量丰富、重金属元素含量低于国家最低标准,符合安全用药标准。试验方法简单、快速、可靠、灵敏度高,可同时测定多种元素,满足样品分析要求。该研究结果可为开发利用白头翁药用资源提供基础资料。     

灵芝发酵液的成分检测及美白与抗衰老功效评价

为开发灵芝发酵液在化妆品领域的应用,使用葡萄酒酵母发酵灵芝并测定发酵液中所含有的多糖、多酚、黄酮和多肽含量。通过DPPH自由基清除实验和羟自由基清除实验对灵芝发酵液的抗氧化能力进行检测,并测定其对成纤维细胞存活率的影响以评估其可能在抗衰老方面发挥的作用。最后通过体外酪氨酸酶实验和小鼠黑色素瘤细胞内的酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成抑制实验对灵芝发酵液的美白功效进行评价。结果表明,灵芝发酵液富含多糖,质量浓度为9.910 g/L,多酚、黄酮和多肽的质量浓度分别为0.054,0.045和2.931 g/L。体积分数分别为25.89%和42.18%的灵芝发酵液可清除50%的DPPH自由基和羟自由基;体积分数为0.05%~0.2%范围内的灵芝发酵液可有效促进成纤维细胞增殖;灵芝发酵液对酪氨酸酶活性抑制率高达73.22%,其通过抑制酪氨酸酶活性起到抑制黑色素合成的作用。因此灵芝发酵液具有一定的抗衰老和美白功效。     

铜矿石中氯的测定

铜矿样品采用氢氧化钠熔融分解,以沸水提取,冷却定容沉淀后分取上层清液,采用氯化银比浊法测定氯。考察了熔解样品的温度和时间、氯化银悬浊液的稳定时间和共存元素的影响,并进行了该方法的精密度实验和加标回收实验。经过对不同铜矿样品反复试验论证,此方法相对标准偏差在1.83%~3.93%,加标回收率在95.6%~105.6%。该方法较为简便,检验精度高,准确度好,也为铜矿石中氯元素的测定提供了一种方法。     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定莴笋中17种矿质元素

利用HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样、再应用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES),对咸阳地产莴笋中的矿质元素组成进行全面的测定与分析。定量分析了K、S、Ca、P、Na、Mg、Al、Zn、Fe、Ba、Si、Cu、Mn、Sr、B、V、Cr等17种矿物元素,定量结果相对标准偏差在0.12%~8.98%之间,标准样品回收率测定在89.0%~109.6%之间。实验结果可为莴笋的应用研究提供基础数据。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.