纤维体积分数对W纤维/Zr基非晶合金复合材料压缩性能的影响

采用渗流铸造法制备了含不同体积分数W纤维的W_f/Zr基非晶合金复合材料,其中W_f体积分数分别为47%、66%、77%和86%。研究了W_f体积分数对Zr基非晶复合材料室温准静态压缩力学性能以及变形行为的影响。结果表明:随W_f体积分数的增加,W_f/Zr基非晶复合材料的屈服强度单调增大,塑性应变先增大后减小,W_f体积分数为66%时塑性应变最大,W_f/Zr基非晶复合材料塑性应变的变化主要取决于非晶基体和W_f相互作用的程度。随着应变量的增大,基体中剪切带的数量和密度也随之增大,主剪切带向大于45°方向偏转。由于压头的影响,W_f/Zr基非晶复合材料压缩过程中样品端部和中部的受力状态不同,导致两部分的剪切带方向也明显不同。随W_f体积分数的增大,W_f/Zr基非晶复合材料的断裂方式由剪切断裂向纵向劈裂转变,断裂行为符合摩尔库伦准则。     

Zr基块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力与压铸成型性能研究

本文分析了熔体温度、铸造压力和化学成分对非晶合金玻璃形成能力(GFA)与压铸成型性能的影响,并探究两种性能的工艺关联。研究发现:随熔体温度升高,Zr基非晶合金GFA先提高后减小,且合金成分不同,熔体化学成分,局域原子团簇特征和合金实际冷却速率就不同,非晶合金GFA与玻璃稳定性也就存在差异。非晶合金的压铸成型能力随熔体温度和铸造压力升高不断提高,但与GFA存在相互限制的作用:当合金GFA较强时,熔体内原子堆垛密实,粘滞系数较高严重阻碍过冷液流动成形,且玻璃稳定性越好压铸成型性能越差;而当熔体温度过高,非晶合金GFA减弱,过冷液粘度降低时,才能快速提高非晶合金的压铸成型性能。因此,选择最佳的合金成分、优化工艺参数有利于非晶精密结构件成型。     

稀土元素对Zr—Al—Cu非晶合金形成能力影响的亚规则模型

利用亚规则模型研究稀土元素RE对Zr—Al—Cu非晶合金形成能力的影响,发现对于（Zr,Al1-y）0.75（Cu1—xREx）0.25,当y=0．5,0．6时,能够很好的形成非晶。当Zr和Al的组分含量一定时,随着RE越来越多的代替Cu,其形成区变小,非晶稳定性降低。当RE替代Cu的含量一定时,随着Zr组元含量的增加,Al组元含量的减少,合金非晶形成区变小,稳定性降低。     

Er对ZrCuNiAl非晶合金结构、力学性能、热稳定性及非晶形成能力的影响

以(Zr_0.6336Cu_0.1452Ni_0.1012Al_0.12)_100-xEr_x(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,原子分数,下同)系块体非晶合金为研究对象,通过改变微量元素Er的含量来研究Er对非晶合金的结构、力学性能、热稳定性及非晶形成能力的影响。结果表明:添加Er元素所制备出的试样都是完全非晶结构的合金。随着Er含量的增加,各试样的弹性模量呈现出先增大后减小,压缩塑性应变呈台阶式上升,x=0,x=0.5,x=1试样的塑性应变在4%的范围内波动;x=1.5,x=2,x=2.5试样的塑性应变在11%的范围内波动;x=3试样的塑性应变最高,其值为23.19%,弹性模量为37.76GPa,屈服强度为1604MPa,抗压强度为2068MPa,断裂强度为2060MPa;随着Er含量的增加,锆基非晶合金的热稳定性和非晶形成能力均先减小后增大。     

高强度Zr基大块非晶合金的研究进展

Zr基大块非晶合金具有极大的非晶形成能力,能在较低的冷却速率(＜103K/s)下用铜模铸造法制备.Zr基大块非晶合金的强度高达1.8GPa,具有高耐腐蚀性和优异的加工成形性能,在实际工程中有着广阔的应用前景.综述了Zr基大块非晶合金的制备方法、性能特点及主要应用,介绍了国内外在该领域的主要研究进展和研究动态.     

Zr-Cr-Ni系AB_2型Laves相贮氢合金及其电化学性能的研究

首次系统地研究了Zr-Cr-Ni系Laves相贮氢合金晶体特性及其电极特性。首先从Zr(Cr_xNi_(1-x))_2系三元贮氢合金入手,探讨了合金成分、晶体特性与合金电极性能之间的关系。在x=0.15～0.65范围内,三元贮氢合金主相均属于Laves相结构,在x=0.45～0.50范围内,其主相晶体结构类型发生从C15型向C14型转化,且晶格常数随Cr量增加而增大,并且在x=0.35～0.50范围内,合金电极具有较好的电化学性能。用3d过渡元素Mn、V、Fe、Co、Ti等对三元合金中A或B组元进行部分代替,以调整所形成的氢化物的稳定性,并使之具备合适的晶体结构类型及相组成含量分布。提出Zr系合金电极的成分设计方向及一般规律性。表面清洁、高比表面积和高缺陷密度是促使Zr系贮氢合金气态活化性能得到改善的根本原因。过渡族元素多元化替代可以明显地改善Zr系贮氢电极的活化性能,其中以La、Ti等大原子半径尺寸元素的作用较为突出。采用HF稀溶液处理及气态吸放氢循环致碎的制粉方式和高温下放电均有利于加快电极的活化速度,同时指出合金颗粒度对此性能影响甚微。Zr-Cr-Ni系电极具有优良的抗氧化腐蚀能力,从而具有好的循环寿命性能。同时推导出贮氢电极在恒电流阳极极化作用下的阳极过电位表达式。在开口式电解池中,贮氢电极的容量保持率CR值,除了与环境     

锆基大块非晶在HCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性研究

利用CHI660B型电化学工作站研究了4种不同成分（Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30，Zr60Al15Ni25，Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15，Xr52．5Al0Ni10Cu15Be12．5）的锆基非晶态合金以及其中两种成分（Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15，Zr52．5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12．5）的晶态合金在2．5mol／L的HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。通过Tafel曲线的测试结果表明，非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能与其成分有很大的关系，这4种非晶合金试样的耐腐蚀性由强到弱的顺序依次为Zr60Al15Ni25〉Zr65Al10Ni10CU15〉Zr52．5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12．5〉Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30。两种成分的非晶态合金与其对应成分的晶态试样相比，非晶态合金具有较低的腐蚀电流，显示出较好的耐腐蚀性。最后，根据电化学腐蚀原理，从合金的微观结构、化学成分以及腐蚀介质的性质3个方面探讨了影响合金耐腐蚀性的因素。     

机械合金化Co-Zr非晶软磁合金粉末的形成及热稳定性分析

研究了Co-Zr二元相图上4个共晶点成分配方Co90Zr10、Co53Zr47、Co35Zr65和Co21Zr79在球磨条件下的非晶态合金形成能力。采用X射线衍射和差热分析(DTA)对粉末的结构及热稳定性进行了分析。XRD分析结果表明,4种配方在一定的球磨时间内都能形成非晶态合金,其中非晶形成能力最强的为Co35Zr65。DTA分析结果表明,该合金系具有较高的热稳定性,并具有较高的非晶形成能力。球磨时间对非晶的形成有重要影响,球磨时间过长,使形成的非晶态合金粉体反而向晶体转化。     

具有大过冷液相温度区间的Cu基大块非晶合金的制备和机械性能

利用铜模铸造方法制备了具有大过冷液相温度区间的Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni系高强度Cu基大块非晶合金,对于Cu55Zr55Ti15Ni5合金,最大直径达5mm.过冷液相区温度范围ΔTx达45.48～70.98 K.Cu基玻璃合金棒表现出非常高的机械性能和明显的塑性,对于Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10、Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5和Cu54Zr22Ti18Ni6合金,压缩断裂强度分别达2155MPa、2026MPa和1904MPa,维氏硬度分别达674、678和685.加入Co元素扩大了CuZr-Ti-Ni系合金的ΔTx,Cu50Zr22Ti18Ni6Co4合金的ΔTx高达74.5K.     

超声法研究Cu基块体非晶合金的弹性性能

用铜模吸铸法制备了直径为3mm的Cu基块体非晶合金,利用热分析方法测得了合金的热力学参数,采用超声水浸聚焦方法测得了合金的纵波及横波声速,由此计算并比较了不同成分含量块体非晶合金的弹性性能参数.发现不同成分含量合金的声速及弹性模量与玻璃转变温度Tg及约化晶化温度Tx/Tm的变化规律是一致的;同时随着第三组元Al含量的增加,弹性模量也呈现递增的趋势.     

Viscosity of Industrially Important Al–Zn Alloys. I-Quasi-eutectic Alloys

Viscosity is a very important property in several fields of materials and metal processing. Many systems are still not fully characterized with regard to their thermophysical property data. In addition, as new alloys are developed or used, viscosity data are necessary to understand the best processing conditions. The data that are available frequently show large discrepancies. The effect of minor constituents is very difficult to model and can have a strong effect on the viscosity. Measurements of the viscosity of Zn–Al alloys, with a quasi-eutectic composition, were performed in the molten state, for temperatures between 690 K and 751 K. The measurements were performed with an oscillating cup viscometer, with an estimated uncertainty of 2 % to 5 %, depending on the alloy. The influence of other minor components, such as Pb, Mn, and Mg, on the viscosity of the alloys is discussed. It was concluded that Pb induces a decrease in viscosity, with Mg having the opposite effect, while the effect of Mn is not significant. All the alloys showed Newtonian behavior in the temperature range studied and a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of viscosity, as usually found for pure molten metals.     

Variation of activation energy in Al-Ni-based alloy melts

Viscosities of Al₈₅Ni₁₅ alloy melt and the Al-Ni-based melts with the addition of Ce, Cu, and Mn have been measured by an oscillating vessel viscometer. Liquidus temperatures of those alloys have been determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A high temperature area (HTA) and a low temperature area (LTA) can be used to describe the viscosity behavior. LTA is in the range of 100°C above liquidus. The activation energy of LTA is much higher than that of HTA. Variation of activation energy with temperature of Al-Ni-based melts was found for the first time. The relationship between the glass formability and viscosity of the alloy melts has been discussed.     

Viscosity of Al–Cu liquid alloys: measurement and thermodynamic description

In the present work a high temperature oscillating cup viscometer has been used to measure the viscosities of liquid binary Al–Cu alloys. The dependence of viscosity on temperature is well described by the Arrhenius law. For constant temperature, the viscosity as a function of copper concentration exhibits a maximum at a mole fraction x _Cu = 0.7. This might be due to a pronounced chemical short range order in the liquid phase at this composition. As the comparison of existing phenomenological models describing viscosity as a function of composition to the experimental data is unsatisfactory, a new model for the viscosity has been developed within this work based only on a few assumptions and using the enthalpy of mixing as input parameter which is easily accessible. The agreement between model calculation and experimental data is excellent.     

A Comparison of Surface Tension,Viscosity, and Density of Sn and Sn–Ag Alloys Using Different Measurement Techniques

This work is aimed at comparing several methods for the measurement of physical properties for molten Sn and Sn–Ag alloys, namely, surface tension, density, and viscosity. The method used for viscosity in this work is the modified capillary method. For surface tension and density, the data used for comparison were previously measured using the maximum bubble pressure method and the dilatometer technique, respectively, for four Sn–Ag alloys having (3.8, 32, 55, and 68) at% Ag. The results are compared with those obtained using a new method based on a fluid draining from a crucible under the influence of gravity, designated the Roach–Henein (RH) method. This new method enables the determination of these three physical properties in one set of measurements. Liquid Sn was used as well as two liquid Sn–Ag alloys having (3.8 and 34.6) at% Ag with the RH method. It was determined that the RH method may be used to simultaneously obtain surface tension, viscosity, and density and that the errors associated with these measurements were similar to those obtained using traditional and separate techniques. Comparisons of the measured viscosity and surface tension to those predicted using thermodynamic models will also be presented. Finally a comparison of mixing model predictions with the experimentally measured alloy surface tension and viscosity is also presented.     

Physicochemical Properties of Sb, Sn, Zn, and Sb–Sn System

The physicochemical properties, viscosity, density, and surface tension, were measured using the discharge crucible method (DC) on five alloys of Sb–Sn. The performance of the DC method was demonstrated with measurements on pure metals Sb, Sn, Zn, and comparisons with the corresponding literature data. The results reported in this study are for Sb–Sn alloys containing (10, 20, 25, 50, and 75) at% of Sb at 550 K to 850 K. The results show that all the physicochemical properties decrease with decreasing temperature and increase with increasing Sb content in the alloy. The experimentally measured surface-tension values are compared with the Butler model. Several models for viscosity are compared and discussed.     

壳聚糖涂膜材料的传热特性研究

采用XRD,TG,DSC表征了壳聚糖的分子结构(包括脱乙酰度、结晶度、玻璃化温度),测定了壳聚糖涂膜液的特性粘度,研究了壳聚糖的结构和使用条件(时间、温度)对壳聚糖涂膜传热特性的影响规律.结果表明:壳聚糖的玻璃化转变温度随其结晶度的增大而升高;脱乙酰度越大、特性粘度越小、玻璃化温度越低,涂膜的热传递速率越快;壳聚糖涂膜的贮藏时间越长,其热传递速率越慢.     

Glass forming ranges of cobalt-base thin film alloys

The glass forming ranges of cobalt-base binary and ternary thin film alloys containing zirconium, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, vanadium and silicon have been studied in the cobalt-rich region. The minimum solute concentration for glass formation decreased with increasing difference in atomic radii or Pauling's electronegativity, as well as the cooling rate. Cobalt-base binary alloys readily showing glass formation are shown on the glass formation diagram. The values of atomic size effect in alloys sputtered at room temperature were about 0.065, and decreased with increase of cooling rate. The value was decreased in alloys having a large heat of formation. In ternary cobalt alloys containing zirconium, niobium, molybdenum and vanadium, the glass forming range could not be interpreted as the concept of atomic size effect alone.     

低温固化双酚F型环氧树脂体系的化学流变模型

研究了用于真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺的低温固化双酚F环氧树脂体系的化学流变特性,根据对等温黏度曲线的分析,建立了其工程黏度模型,并通过积分变换将模型推广到非恒温条件下使用。模型与实验结果具有良好的一致性。该体系固化产物玻璃化温度达111. 9℃,拉伸强度78.5 MPa,弯曲强度106 MPa。所建立的模型可有效地预测VARTM工艺的黏度变化和工艺窗口,为复合材料成型工艺模拟分析及工艺参数的确定奠定了基础。     

Viscosity of Industrially Important Zn–Al Alloys Part II: Alloys with Higher Contents of Al and Si

The viscosity of Zn–Al alloys melts, with industrial interest, was measured for temperatures between 693 K and 915 K, with an oscillating cup viscometer, and estimated expanded uncertainties between 3 and 5?%, depending on the alloy. The influence of minor components, such as Si, Mg and Ce?+?La, on the viscosity of the alloys is discussed. An increase in the amount of Mg triggers complex melt/solidification processes while the addition of Ce and La renders alloys viscosity almost temperature independent. Furthermore, increases in Al and Si contents decrease melts viscosity and lead to an Arrhenius type behavior. This paper complements a previous study describing the viscosity of Zn–Al alloys with quasi-eutectic compositions.     

Viscosity of liquid Al–Co alloys with a cobalt content up to 15 at %

By means of the torsional vibrations method, the temperature dependences (from the liquidus up to 1200°C) of the kinematic viscosity of liquid aluminum and Al–Co melts with a cobalt content up to 15 at % were obtained. For all the liquid alloys investigated, the temperature dependences of the viscosity obtained in the heating and cooling regimes coincide. The temperature dependences were approximated by the Arrhenius equation. For liquid aluminum and melts with a cobalt content below 1.4 at % inclusive, a viscosity polytherm deviation from the Arrhenius dependence was discovered. The viscosity dependences on the concentration at a fixed temperature and the activation energy of the viscous flow were plotted. An increase in the cobalt content in the melt results in an increase in the viscosity and the activation energy of the viscous flow values.