Direct torque control of sensorless induction motor drives: a sliding-mode approach

Direct torque control (DTC) is known to produce fast response and robust control in ac adjustable-speed drives. However, in the steady-state operation, notable torque, flux, and current pulsations occur. A new, direct torque and flux control strategy based on variable-structure control and space-vector pulsewidth modulation is proposed for induction motor sensorless drives. The DTC transient merits and robustness are preserved and the steady-state behavior is improved by reducing the torque and flux pulsations. A sliding-mode observer using a dual reference frame motor model is introduced and tested. Simulations and comparative experimental results with the proposed control scheme, versus classic DTC, are presented. Very-low-speed sensorless operation (3 r/min) is demonstrated.     

基于空间矢量无速度传感器的直接转矩控制

直接转矩控制是一种高性能的交流传动控制系统,无速度传感器控制的研究代表了直接转矩控制系统的一个发展方向.在空间矢量模型基础上,介绍一种新的无速度传感器永磁同步电动机的直接转矩控制,它能降低稳态时转矩、磁链和速度的波动.在全速范围无速度传感器应用中,能产生更好的稳态性能的同时保留了DTC的暂态优点.仿真结果显示,该方法有着比传统的DTC更好的性能.     

Development of torque and flux ripple minimization algorithm for direct torque control of induction motor drive

Direct torque control (DTC) is known to produce quick and robust response in AC drives. However, during steady state, notable torque and flux ripple occur. They are reflected in speed estimation, speed response and also in increased noise. This paper proposes a new control algorithm, which provides decoupled control of the torque, and flux with constant inverter switching frequency and a minimum torque and flux ripple. Compared to the other DTC methods, this algorithm is much simpler and has less mathematical operations, and can be implemented on most existing digital drive controllers. Algorithm is based on imposing the flux vector spatial orientation and rotation speed, which defines the unique solution for reference stator voltage. This paper contributes (a) Calculation of stator flux vector, torque and flux increments (b) The position of new stator flux vector determination (c) Calculation of the stator reference voltage (d) comparison of errors of different control strategies. In this paper, computer simulations and experimental results have been discussed for the proposed algorithm.     

Very-low-speed variable-structure control of sensorless induction machine drives without signal injection

A sensorless induction machine drive is presented, in which the principles of variable-structure control and direct torque control (DTC) are combined to ensure high-performance operation in the steady state and under transient conditions. The drive employs a new torque and flux controller, the "linear and variable-structure control", which realizes accurate and robust control in a wide speed range. Conventional DTC transient merits are preserved, while the steady-state behavior is significantly improved. The full-order state observer is a sliding-mode one, which does not require the rotor speed adaptation and provides accurate state estimation in the entire speed range. The proposed scheme is a complete variable-structure solution that allows persistent sensorless operation of the drive at very low speeds, including zero and 3 r/min, with full load. Simulations and extensive experimental results confirm the robustness, accuracy, quickness, and low-chattering operation of the drive.     

基于空间矢量调制的异步电机直接转差线性控制(英文)

由于直接转矩控制策略对定子磁链和电磁转矩采取非线性滞环控制,电机的电磁转矩、磁链幅值、相电流存在稳态误差。该文提出基于空间矢量调制的异步电机直接转差线性控制策略(direct slip linear control based on space vector modulation,DSLC-SVM)。该策略不含坐标变换,无电流环,只需辨识定子磁链。与传统直接转矩控制策略相比,由于对转差进行直接线性控制,DSLC-SVM策略可以减小转矩和磁链误差,降低相电流的总谐波失真(total harmonic distortion,THD)。比较了2种控制策略改变转差的能力,通过对比实验,验证了该文所提算法的正确性和可行性。     

Speed-sensorless direct torque control of induction motors using anadaptive flux observer

This paper presents a new sensorless induction motor drive. The drive uses an adaptive flux observer for speed estimation and the discrete-time direct torque control technique for torque and stator flux control. The adaptive flux observer uses a mechanical model to improve the behavior during speed transients. The estimated stator flux of the adaptive observer is used in the discrete-time direct torque control method to provide fast torque response combined with torque-ripple-free operation over the whole speed range. The sensorless drive system is capable of working from very low speed to high speed and exhibits good dynamic and steady-state performance. The steady-state and dynamic performance of the proposed sensorless drive using simulation and experimental results are demonstrated     

矩阵变换器供电的异步电动机DTC-SVM控制

提出一种由矩阵变换器供电的异步电机直接转矩控制-空间矢量调制(DTC-SVM)方法.该控制系统结构简单,转矩脉动小,输入功率因数为1.通过使用矩阵变换器空间矢量调制技术及异步电机的直接转矩控制技术,两种控制技术的优点得到了综合.用MATLAB软件对该控制系统进行了仿真测试,由仿真的矩阵变换器的输入、输出波形及异步电动机的速度、转矩波形证实了控制策略是有效可行的,系统具有良好的动态性能.     

关于异步电机直接力矩控制的研究

直接力矩控制是交流调速中一种新颖、有效的控制方法。首先介绍了异步电机的数学模型 ,在此基础上对直接力矩控制进行了理论分析 ,并介绍其磁通、力矩控制方法 ,给出磁通观测器和力矩观测器 ,同时也对无速度传感器的直接力矩控制作了简要介绍     

磁通观测改进的无速度传感器DTC系统

针对定子电阻摄动与积分漂移对直接转矩控制(DTC)性能的影响,在分析直接转矩控制特点的基础上,推导了以电机有功功率为基础的定子电阻辨识算法与以反电动势为基础的定子磁链辨识算法,并将坐标系定向于定子电流矢量上推导出转速估计算法.以此建立的直接转矩控制系统,定子电阻辨识算法不依赖电机其他易变参数,转速估计中未使用转子电阻或转子时间常数;通过4kW感应电机无速度传感器DTC系统仿真试验表明,积分漂移得到有效抑制,估计速度与实际速度良好吻合,系统具有较好调速性能.     

基于EKF PMSM定子磁链和转速观测直接转矩控制

针对传统直接转矩控制中存在电流、磁链和转矩脉动较大、及速度传感器的使用降低了系统可靠性、增加了系统成本等问题,提出基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器同时进行定子磁链和转速观测,实现了表面式永磁同步电动机无传感器直接转矩控制.该方法保持了直接转矩控制固有的转矩响应快和系统鲁棒性强的优点,降低了磁链和转矩脉动,并对电动机参数变化、负载扰动具有较强的鲁棒性,有效地改善了系统的动、静态运行性能,实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

Combining the principles of sliding mode, direct torque control, and space-vector modulation in a high-performance sensorless AC drive

A sensorless induction motor drive is presented, in which the principles of sliding-mode control, direct torque control (DTC), and space-vector modulation are combined to ensure high-performance operation, both in the steady state and under transient conditions. Merits of the classic DTC transient behavior are preserved, while the steady-state operation is significantly improved. The torque and flux controllers, and motor state observer are of the sliding-mode type. The inverter is directly controlled on the basis of torque and flux errors, using space-vector pulsewidth modulation. Computer simulations and experimental results presented demonstrate the robustness, accuracy, quickness, and low-chattering, wide-speed-range operation of the drive.     

基于空间矢量调制的直接转矩控制算法研究

针对传统的直接转矩控制由于采用滞环比较器对磁链和转矩进行直接控制,导致出现开关频率不恒定,磁链和转矩脉动大的问题,提出一种基于空间矢量调制的直接转矩控制方法.根据感应电机的数学模型,建立磁链、转矩双闭环PI控制回路.直接以磁链和转矩作为控制量,采用空间电压矢量调制策略.该方法具有矢量控制连续平滑和直接转矩控制快速响应的特性.仿真和实验结果表明,相对于传统的直接转矩控制,基于空间矢量调制的直接转矩控制方案的开关频率恒定,大大减小了转矩脉动,改善了电流和磁链波形,使系统具有良好的动、静态性能,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors Based on Discrete Space Vector Modulation Using Adaptive Sliding Mode Control

Abstract—Direct torque control (DTC) with space vector modulation (SVM) ensures constant switching frequency and high-performance operation, both in the steady state and under transient conditions. This article is devoted to the presentation of a comparison study between two DTC-SVM approaches for electric propulsion systems applications: (i) DTC-SVM with controllers, and (ii) DTC-SVM with sliding mode controllers. Following the formulation of both DTC-SVM approaches, their implementation in the Matlab-Simulink environment has been treated. The transient behavior as well as the steady state features of the drive system under both approaches are compared and commented. The robustness with respect to parameter variations of the induction motor drive is also tested. Simulation results show the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed DTC-SVM adaptive sliding mode control against variations of induction motor parameters.     

A novel direct torque control for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine drive with low ripple in torque and flux-a speed-sensorless approach

A novel direct torque control (DTC) scheme for an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) is proposed in this paper, which features low torque and flux ripple and almost fixed switching frequency. The torque and flux ripples have been significantly reduced compared with those of the basic DTC reported in the literature. A speed estimation scheme is integrated with the proposed DTC scheme in order to achieve a fully sensorless high-performance IPMSM drive.     

一种感应电动机新型转子磁链闭环DTC-SVM控制策略研究

与传统直接转矩控制相比,基于空间电压矢量调制的直接转矩控制(DTC-SVM)技术具有转矩脉动小、逆变器开关频率恒定等优点.目前,绝大多数DTC-SVM都是基于定子磁链闭环控制.通过对电机模型的分析和推导,提出一种采用自抗扰控制器(ADRC)的转子磁链闭环DTC-SVM控制策略;在简化系统结构的同时也提高了系统的抗扰性能.仿真结果表明,新控制策略在保留DTC.SVM优点的同时,有效改善了系统的动态性能.     

异步电动机直接转矩控制转矩脉动最小化方法研究

在传统的异步电动机直接转矩控制中,低速运行时定子电流的低次谐波成分比较大,这导致电机在低速时存在较大的转矩脉动问题,针对此问题本文提出一种新的控制方法.在传统直接转矩控制的基础上,推导出异步电动机全速度磁链观测数学模型.为进一步提高转矩响应速度和减小转矩脉动,又在全速度磁链模型的基础上引入了模糊逻辑思想,提出了全速度模糊模型直接转矩控制.该模型把磁链相位角、磁链误差和转矩误差作为模糊变量,并对其进行合理的模糊分级,来优化电压空间矢量的选择.实验结果表明该方法不仅能够提高转矩响应速度,而且能够有效地解决转矩脉动问题,在全速度范围内具有较好的动静态性能.     

Speed sensorless torque control of an IPMSM drive with online stator resistance estimation using reduced order EKF

Speed sensorless control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on direct torque control (DTC) is proposed in this paper. The rotor speed and position of the IPMSM are estimated based on an active flux concept, where, the active flux vector position is identical to the rotor position. The proposed algorithm does not require neither high frequency injection signal nor complicated schemes even at vary low speed operation. Torque/ flux sliding mode controller (SMC) combined with space vector modulation is proposed to improve the performance of the classical DTC. Stator resistance value is required for a stator flux and electromagnetic torque estimation. Its variation due to temperature or frequency degrades the scheme performance, especially, at low speed operation. To overcome this problem, a reduced order extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed to update online the stator resistance. The advantages of the direct torque control, sliding mode controller, and speed sensorless control are incorporated in the proposed scheme. Simulation works are carried out to show the ability of the proposed scheme at different operating conditions. The results demonstrate the activity of the scheme at wide range speed operation with load disturbance and parameters variation.     

Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Five-Phase Interior Permanent-Magnet Motor Drives

This paper presents the sensorless direct torque control (DTC) technique for five-phase interior permanent-magnet (IPM) motors. By using the introduced technique, fast torque response with low ripple in the stator flux and torque of the five-phase IPM can be achieved. Having 32 space voltage vectors provides a great flexibility in selecting the inverter switching states. Therefore, the stator flux and torque can be more precisely adjusted. Position information and speed are being estimated based on the position of the stator flux linkages. The mathematical model of the five-phase IPM motor is first derived. Later, the speed sensorless DTC method of the five-phase system is introduced. A five-phase IPM motor and a five-leg insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor-based inverter were designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The control method is implemented on a TMS320C32 digital signal processor board.     

基于滑模变结构的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

为解决传统永磁同步电机直接转矩控制中存在的电流、磁链和转矩脉动较大、逆变器开关频率不恒定、系统低速运行时难以精确控制以及因转矩脉动引起的高频噪声等问题,文中将滑模变结构控制策略引入永磁同步电机直接转矩控制中。用转矩和磁链2个滑模控制器来替代传统直接转矩控制中的2个滞环调节器,其输出实现空间电压矢量调制,保证了逆变器开关频率恒定。实验结果表明,这种新型控制策略能极大地减小传统直接转矩控制中存在的电流、磁链和转矩脉动,有效地抑制高频噪声,实现逆变器开关频率恒定,同时仍保持直接转矩控制固有的转矩快速响应的特征和对系统参数摄动、外干扰、测量误差以及测量噪声具有鲁棒性强的优点,有效地改善了系统的动、静态运行性能。     

一种改进的转矩和磁链调节器异步电机直接转矩控制系统的研究

在传统调节器的基础上提出一种新型转矩和磁链调节器，该调节器采用两级容差控制，可以为控制系统提供更多的电机运行状态的信息，从而使电机磁链在全速范围内近似圆形，易于实现对电机的精确控制，在很大程度上改善电机低速时的动态和静态运行特性，同时仍保持直接转矩控制方法在高速运行时所具有的快速响应特性，仿真结果验证了上述结构的可行性。