基于连续介质损伤力学的高强度钢板热成形性数值预测

基于连续介质损伤力学模型,建立耦合损伤的热成形本构方程。将该本构方程引入到自主开发的金属成形有限元软件KMAS中,从而可对高强度钢板在热成形过程中的损伤演化及成形性能进行预测。本构方程中与温度及应变率相关的损伤参数控制着热成形过程中的损伤演化,对成形性数值预测具有重要的意义。为标定本构方程中的损伤参数,进行不同温度及应变率下的等温热拉伸试验,并对拉伸过程进行数值模拟,通过优化对比数值计算和试验所得的力-位移曲线,获得了不同温度及应变率下的损伤参数。随后将损伤参数引入KMAS中,对一款典型汽车B柱在热成形过程的成形性进行数值预测,并与试验结果进行对比,结果证明了所建立耦合损伤本构方程的正确性。     

基于Lou-2013韧性断裂准则5182铝板成形极限研究

以Lou-2013韧性断裂准则为理论基础研究5182铝合金板材的韧性断裂力学性能,设计圆孔试件、平面应变试件和平面剪切试件的拉伸试验来获取准则中的材料参数。通过该准则确定"断裂应变?应力三轴度"曲线,为ABAQUS软件中的韧性损伤材料模型提供损伤判据,构建5182铝合金板材的韧性损伤仿真模型。利用此模型对上述三个试件的拉伸过程,以及半球形凸模胀形试验过程进行有限元仿真,并通过数据分析绘制基础拉伸试验与半球形凸模胀形仿真相结合的5182铝合金板材成形极限图。试验与仿真表明,所建立的有限元材料模型能够准确地再现三种试件的力程曲线和断裂特征;通过基础拉伸试验与半球形凸模胀形仿真相结合求解出的成形极限图包含两条曲线:损伤成形极限曲线(Damageforminglimitcurve,Damage FLC)和断裂成形极限曲线(Fracture FLC)。与成形极限试验数据对比表明,采用Damage FLC判定板材破裂失稳偏于安全,为实测成形极限数值的下限,而采用Fracture FLC判定则偏于危险。     

高铬铸铁动态力学性能研究

通过SHPB实验得出在不同温度.不同应变率下的高铬铸铁Cr15Mo的应力-应变曲线,选用Johnson—Cook材料模型确定材料的本构关系,将此本构关系输入到Abaqus有限元分析软件来进行高铬铸铁的高速切削加工的仿真与模拟。     

7003铝合金本构模型参数和力学性能研究

通过动、静力学试验获得了7003铝合金材料在不同应力三轴度和不同应变率条件下的应力-应变曲线和材料断裂特性参数,利用试验结果拟合了对应变率敏感的Johnson-Cook材料本构模型参数。试验结果表明7003铝合金是一种典型的塑性金属材料,断裂破坏过程具有一定的应变率敏感性,且断裂应变随着应力三轴度增高而降低;通过LSDYNA仿真软件模拟了7003铝合金零件的断裂全过程,仿真结果与试验吻合良好,研究结果可以为7003铝合金薄壁类零件的设计和分析提供参考。     

耦合温度和应变率的铝合金板成形极限预测方法

为了提高铝合金板成形能力,一些先进成形工艺已经被开发。温成形是实现铝合金高成形能力和高成形精度的一种有效方法。温度和成形速度是影响铝合金板温成形工艺的重要参数,对其成形性能影响十分显著。提出一种综合考虑温度和应变率影响的铝合金板成形极限预测方法。采用响应面法建立铝合金板应变硬化指数n、应变率敏感度指数m与成形温度、应变率条件之间的力学性能函数关系;基于M-K理论,并结合Logan-Hosford屈服函数,推导出耦合温度和应变率的铝合金板成形极限图计算模型。模型检验表明力学性能响应面方程具有较高精度。成形极限的计算结果与已有的试验值对比表明,二者吻合较好,这证实耦合温度和应变率的铝板成形极限预测方法是正确和可靠的。     

基于连续损伤力学的楔横轧芯部损伤建模及预测

楔横轧因存在芯部损伤累积行为而容易形成芯部疏松缺陷,准确预测芯部损伤形成条件对楔横轧轴类件高性能制造具有重要意义。开展了不同条件下的热拉伸试验,得到了影响材料损伤的主要因素;基于连续损伤力学,提出了耦合温度、应变速率和应力三轴度的损伤本构模型;开展了不同断面收缩率的楔横轧试验,标定了损伤本构模型的材料断裂阈值,并验证了损伤模型的预测精度;利用该模型预测了断面收缩率、展宽角、成形角对芯部损伤的影响规律,为参数选择提供参考。研究结果表明：温度、应变速率及应力三轴度都显著影响材料损伤行为,所建立的耦合损伤本构模型能较好地预测楔横轧芯部的损伤演化过程;楔横轧芯部损伤与成形角成反比,与展宽角和断面收缩率成正比,各参数影响程度由小到大依次为断面收缩率、展宽角、成形角。     

6061-T651铝合金动态力学性能及J-C本构模型的修正

为合理描述6061-T651铝合金的应力流动行为,利用万能材料试验机和霍普金森压杆,分别进行准静态、高温和高应变率下的材料力学性能测试,获得材料在不同条件下的应力应变曲线。基于试验结果,修正Johnson-Cook本构模型得到MJC(Modified Johnson-Cook)模型,并标定MJC模型各项参数。为校验MJC模型及参数的有效性,利用一级气炮发射直径为5.95 mm的圆柱弹体冲击刚性靶的Taylor杆试验以及直径为12.68 mm的刚性弹撞击厚度为2 mm靶板的试验。最后,采用ABAQUS/Explicit有限元软件建立Taylor杆和弹靶冲击试验的三维模型,基于MJC本构模型进行Taylor杆冲击、以及结合MMC(Modified Mohr-Coulomb)断裂准则进行弹靶冲击的数值模拟计算。研究结果表明,修正的MJC本构模型能够有效地描述6061-T651铝合金材料在大应变、高应变率和高温下材料的应力流动行为和变形行为。     

7075铝合金热压缩动态软化行为的本构模型

在应变速率为0.01～10 s-1、温度为250～450℃的条件下,采用Gleeble-1500型热模拟试验机对7075铝合金进行了高温热压缩试验,得出其变形过程中的真应力-真应变曲线;通过拟合回归分析得出了该合金高温变形过程中的本构模型并对其应变行为进行了预测。结果表明:在峰值应力之前,Fields-Backofen本构模型预测值与试验值比较吻合;在加入软化因子之后,模型的预测值更接近试验值。     

40Cr调质钢高速冷滚打热力耦合数值模拟

在分析高速冷滚打成形原理的基础上,建立了热力耦合数学模型,通过常温和高温下不同应变速率的静态和动态压缩试验,结合Johnson-Cook流动应力公式,建立了40Cr调质钢的本构模型;利用有限元软件对40Cr调质钢高速冷滚打成形进行数值模拟,在考虑加工硬化与动态软化的综合效应下,获得了工件应力、应变和温度的分布,探讨了冷滚打成形过程中热力耦合形成的原因及成形速率对热效应的影响,并用试验进行了验证。结果表明:工件的温度分布和等效塑性应变分布是不均匀的,剧烈应变区的等效塑性应变高,温升高,难变形区的等效塑性应变低,温升低;试验结果证明了模拟分析的正确性。     

6063铝合金本构模型及其有限元仿真

通过6063铝合金单轴拉伸试验,获得了该材料的真实应力自然应变曲线。然后,建立了分析用6063铝合金的两种本构模型,用此模型模拟了试样单轴拉伸过程。最后,通过对比仿真结果与试验结果,分析模型的准确性。     

Damage and failure characterization of 7075 aluminum alloy hot stamping

7000 series high strength aluminum alloys are increasingly used in manufacturing automobile body parts to meet the more stringent demands for automobile lightweight. Hot stamping of 7000 series high strength aluminum alloys is a complex thermal-mechanical coupling process and precise simulation is needed to predict material fracture. To obtain damage model of 7075 aluminum alloy in hot stamping, five different stress triaxiality specimens were designed. The fracture strain, critical strain and average stress triaxiality of different specimens were obtained by the hybrid finite element simulation and experiment (FE-EXP) method. GISSMO model of 7075 aluminum alloy at 400 °C was established. Compared with the experimental results of U-shaped part hot stamping under different lubrication conditions, the calibrated GISSMO model was demonstrated to predict the damage behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy during high temperature deformation accurately.

     

Influence of the temperature on residual stresses and springback effect in an aluminium alloy

This study deals with the experimental and numerical investigation of springback in an aluminium alloy at different temperatures. An experimental split-ring test is performed on a AA5754-O alloy using a laboratory drawing device. The influence of temperature during forming over springback is measured from room temperature to 200 °C. The temperature is the same for all tools and is maintained constant during all the forming process. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations performed with the finite element code Abaqus. Material parameters are identified using uniaxial tensile tests at different temperatures and several strain rates in order to take into account both temperature and viscous effects in a coupled thermomechanical constitutive law. The stress and strain states in the cup at the end of the drawing and after springback are analyzed as a function of temperature and a detailed study of stress distributions in the thickness of the blank is proposed. It is shown that the effect of temperature tends to decrease the stress gradient in the cup wall that is directly linked to the decrease of the springback opening of the ring. The distribution of the hoop stress in the cup wall is the main factor influencing the springback mechanism in warm forming condition.     

Ductile fracture locus of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy

The simulation of ductile fracture in real components is becoming a strategic issue in numerical simulations. Numerical simulations of crashes, forming processes, impacts and fractures are reliable only if carried out with an accurate material calibration. The topics involved in this kind of simulation require a complete calibration of both the true stress–strain curve and the failure. The focus of this work is the accurate calibration of the constitutive relations of the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V. The approach proposed is based on different experimental tests supported by numerical simulations performed by means of detailed FE models. The Bao–Wierzbicki ductile failure criterion is calibrated using a total of 11 specimens. These specimens are tested on a multiaxial test machine to investigate the failure at different stress triaxialities. Furthermore, the sensitivity to the mesh size and the assessment of the calibration accuracy are analysed in detail on different components in order to verify the geometry transferability.     

过共晶Al-Si合金半固态触变成形本构方程

通过对过共晶Al-20Si-3Fe-1Mn-4Cu-1Mg合金进行半固态单向压缩热模拟试验,研究变形温度为833 K、853 K 、873 K,应变速率为0.1 s–1、0.01 s–1、0.001 s–1的半固态触变成形行为。试验结果表明,变形抗力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增加而增大。对试验得到的真实应力应变曲线进行分析,提出将不同真应变范围的半固态触变成形过程划分为类弹性变形、应变硬化和流变-黏塑性变形阶段的新方法,并分阶段建立半固态触变本构方程,采用多元回归得到各阶段的本构方程表达式。所建半固态触变本构方程与试验曲线的比较结果表明,大多数相关系数均在0.95以上,相伴概率均小于0.001,说明根据所建本构方程计算得到的真应力-真应变曲线与试验曲线吻合良好,所建本构方程有意义且具有较高的精度,能够体现出该合金半固态触变过程变形行为,可以将其应用于过共晶Al-20Si-3Fe-1Mn-4Cu-1Mg合金半固态触变成形过程的数值模拟。     

Material sensitivity and formability prediction of warm-forming magnesium alloy sheets with experimental verification

This paper proposes a theoretical method for predicting the formability of magnesium alloy sheets at elevated temperatures by combining the Marciniak and Kuckzinsky model with the Logan–Hosford yield criterion. In addition, the material sensitivity under different strain rates from 0.001 to 0.1 s^?1 and elevated temperatures on forming the magnesium alloy was also investigated in this study. Forming limit tests on AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets were performed concurrently for the theoretical forming limit diagram (FLD) verification using a self-developed forming facility at elevated temperatures of 200, 250, and 300 °C and, simultaneously, the material sensitivity effect under a selective strain rate of 0.01 s^?1. Based on the verified FLD prediction results, numerical simulations of warm-forming a AZ31B camera casing of thickness 0.8 mm as an example were then carried out. The warm forming experiments for this camera casing, under the identical conditions, were also performed for verification. As a consequence, it was found that the effect of strain rate on the prediction of FLDs did have a significant influence with increasing temperatures. Furthermore, the results of numerical simulations showed a good agreement with those of the warm forming experiments at different elevated temperatures. The proposed theoretical method offers a relatively accurate prediction in warm-forming magnesium alloy sheets and should lead to a remarkable reduction of trials, at least in the sense of both time and cost benefits, before a large batch production. Such outcomes of the study are expected to be very helpful and contributive to professionals, engineers, and the magnesium alloy-related applications in industry.     

TC4-DT钛合金材料动态力学性能及其本构模型

利用同步组装的高温分离式Hopkinson压杆试验装置,对TC4-DT钛合金材料分别进行了常温下不同应变率（930~9700s-1）和应变率为5000s-1时不同温度下（20~800℃）的动态力学性能测试,获得了各种冲击载荷下的应力-应变曲线。试验数据表明,TC4-DT材料具有应变率增塑效应且存在着临界应变率值,当应变率高于此值时应变率敏感性增强明显,此外随着材料加热温度的升高,软化效应减弱。利用试验所得的数据拟合了基于Power-Law和Johnson-Cook两种热-黏塑性本构方程且获得这两种动态本构模型参数,并将所得的两种拟合曲线与试验所得数据进行对比分析,结果表明两曲线吻合度都较好,此外还对这两种曲线的拟合精度进行对比,对比结果表明两种模型的拟合误差相差不大,但是Power-Law模型拟合精度要略优于Johnson-Cook模型的拟合精度。     

热冲压硼钢B1500HS高温本构方程的研究

硼钢的高温本构方程是热冲压数值模拟不可缺少的数学模型,它反映了流动应力与应变、应变速度以及温度之间的依赖关系。为了研究热冲压硼钢B1500HS高温时的流变力学行为,采用Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机,在600～900℃温度区间,分别以0.01 s–1、0.1 s–1、1.0 s–1、10 s–1的应变速度对硼钢B1500HS试样进行等温单向拉伸试验,计算得到各相应测试条件下的正应力—应变曲线。采用包含变形激活能和变形温度的双曲正弦形式修正的Arrhenius关系来描述硼钢奥氏体组织的热激活变形行为。通过对试验数据进行拟合回归分析,得到与应变量相关的各材料参数,以及与应变速度、变形温度相关的流变应力关系式。试验结果显示,流动应力随着变形温度的降低而增大,随着形变速度的升高而增大。计算结果表明:流变应力关系式的计算结果与试验数据的吻合度较好。