壳聚糖-CdS复合纳米粒子对甲基橙的光催化降解作用

用反相微乳液法制备了壳聚糖-CdS复合纳米粒子,并考察了复合纳米粒子用量、光照条件和溶液pH值等因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明:在100 mL质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液中加入0.30 g复合纳米粒子,可以达到较好的光催化降解效果;甲基橙在光催化降解过程中最大吸收波长464 nm处的吸收峰迅速减弱,并最终消失,且在258 nm和455 nm处出现了新的吸收峰,说明甲基橙发生了降解;溶液pH值对光催化降解甲基橙有一定的影响,在弱酸性条件下降解效率较高;复合纳米粒子比普通CdS降解效率高,2 min时高出50%,400 min时高出21.3%.初步提出了复合纳米粒子光催化降解机理,复合纳米粒子的吸附作用是光催化降解作用的前置步骤.     

CdS纳米复合粒子的制备和光催化性能研究

为获得颗粒尺寸、形貌等比较规则的纳米CdS颗粒,通过逐层自组装技术和"两步法"相结合的方法在介孔分子筛SBA-15孔道内制备CdS纳米粒子,首先应用带电聚合物聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)将SBA-15孔道表面功能化,然后引入CdS前驱体Cd(CH3COO)2.2H2O,再将产物在H2S气氛中硫化得到最终产物SBA-15-PDDA-PSS-CdS。采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附等手段进行测试表征,并将所制样品用于降解甲基橙来测试其光催化性能。结果表明:所制得的纳米CdS颗粒较小,分布均匀;纳米CdS在紫外光下对甲基橙具有良好的降解能力。     

SiO2气凝胶/纳米TiO2共混光催化剂降解甲基橙

目的利用甲基橙模拟印刷废水,研究SiO_2气凝胶/纳米TiO_2共混光催化剂对甲基橙的光降解性能。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO_2气凝胶,再加入纳米TiO_2通过共混法制备出共混光催化剂,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析技术对样品进行表征。使用共混光催化剂降解甲基橙观察其光催化活性。结果当纳米TiO_2和SiO_2气凝胶的质量比为1∶4,催化剂质量浓度为0.2g/L,甲基橙的初始质量浓度为10 mg/L,p H值为4时,甲基橙的降解率最高。结论利用共混光催化剂降解甲基橙,其光催化效率高,降解率可高达99.85%。     

TiO2纳米棒光催化降解甲基橙的研究

本文以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了催化剂的添加量、甲基橙溶液的pH值、晶化时间、热处理温度等因素对用"软模板"制备的TiO2纳米棒光催化活性的影响.研究表明:当催化剂添加量为0.08g、甲基橙溶液的pH=4、晶化时间为24h、热处理温度为500℃时,TiO2光催化剂的催化效果最佳,达到了85.96%.     

玻璃微珠-Cu/Cu_2O复合镀层的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用化学镀铜和水热氧化法制备了玻璃微珠-Cu/Cu2O复合镀层,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对样品结构和形貌进行了分析和表征,在日光灯照射下降解一定浓度的甲基橙溶液,研究其对甲基橙溶液的降解效果。研究了催化剂用量、pH值和甲基橙初始浓度对甲基橙降解率的影响以及催化剂在重复使用中的稳定性。     

TiO_2柱撑蒙脱土的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用TiCl4在 HCl中的水解制备TiO2柱撑蒙脱土(TiO2-PILM)纳米光催化材料,通过X射线衍射和红外光谱对其进行了表征.考察了甲基橙的初始浓度、甲基橙溶液、pH值对光催化降解效果的影响.结果表明,TiO2-PILM具有大的晶面间距,TiO2-PILM 对甲基橙有较好的光催化活性,吸附动力学数据很好地符合Lagergren二级速率方程,在甲基橙初始浓度为10mg/L、投样量为0.02g、在酸性或碱性条件时,TiO2-PILM对甲基橙的降解率较高.     

爆轰法合成纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能

采用黑索金为可爆药剂,用爆轰法制备出了类球形混晶纳米TiO2粉体,并对合成的纳米TiO2粉末进行了表征。以甲基橙为研究对象,紫外灯为光源,研究了甲基橙初始浓度、纳米TiO2用量、甲基橙溶液初始pH值、超声分散和光照时间对甲基橙降解率的影响。研究表明,所制备的纳米TiO2为锐钛矿、板钛矿和金红石组成的混晶体,平均粒度约为18nm。在氧化钛浓度固定的条件下,甲基橙溶液初始浓度越高降解率越低。随着氧化钛加入量的增加,甲基橙溶液的降解率先增大后减小,而氧化钛的加入量超过40.0mg/L后,甲基橙溶液的降解率又呈升高的趋势。超声波分散的纳米氧化钛的表观反应速率明显高于未经超声波分散的氧化钛的表观反应速率。随着光催化时间的延长,光转化率逐渐升高。     

TiO2/CdS同轴异质结的制备及光催化性能研究

本研究采用阳极氧化法在金属钛箔上制备TiO2纳米管阵列,并用直流电沉积在退火后的TiO2纳米管内部填充CdS。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及电子能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对TiO2/CdS异质结进行表征,结果显示,TiO2/CdS同轴核壳结构有序规整排列,孔径大小均一,Cd、S两种元素化学配比接近1:1。450℃空气退火后的TiO2是锐钛矿型,沉积的CdS为六方相。对TiO2纳米管和TiO2/CdS异质结分别进行了紫外–可见吸收光谱和紫外光下光催化降解甲基橙染料的性能测试。结果表明,复合后TiO2的吸收边出现了明显的红移;TiO2/CdS催化降解甲基橙的降解率最高达99.4%,与纯TiO2相比TiO2/CdS的光催化活性明显提高。     

Er2Sn2O7的水热合成及光催化活性研究

采用水热法制备了Er2Sn2O7纳米颗粒,并用TEM、XRD、IR、Raman等技术对其进行了表征.结果表明:Er2Sn2O7纳米颗粒的粒径约为20nm左右,且尺寸分布均匀.以紫外光为光源,甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了该纳米催化剂的光催化活性,结果显示其具有较高的催化效率.另外,对甲基橙催化降解后的产物进行了UV-vis、IR、Fluorescence表征分析,并初步探索了甲基橙分子在该实验条件下的光催化降解机理.     

低温制备CdS/TiO_2纳米复合材料及其光催化性能研究

采用超声醇盐水解法在低温水浴条件下制备不同质量比的CdS/TiO2纳米复合材料。以甲基橙为目标污染物,考察了不同质量比的CdS/TiO2的光催化效果。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对所合成的纳米复合材料进行了结构和形貌的表征。结果表明:质量比1∶100的CdS/TiO2复合材料分散较均匀,TiO2以锐钛矿型存在,CdS以六方相存在。在模拟太阳光下降解甲基橙5h,降解率达到66.53%,在紫外光下降解5h,降解率达到97.00%。     

Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic activity of CdO2 nanocrystals

CdO(2) nanocrystals with different sizes were synthesized via the hydrothermal reaction of 3CdSO(4).8H(2)O and H(2)O(2) in 1.25-6.25 vol.% ammonia solutions at 100-140 degrees C for 12h. The resultant products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, and UV-vis absorption spectra. It was concluded that the resultant products were pure cubic phase CdO(2) nanocrystals, and they would decompose at temperatures higher than 180 degrees C. In addition, degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution (20.0mg/l) was carried out with the CdO(2) nanocrystals as photocatalyst under ultraviolet light irradiation. The experimental results showed that even a little amount (0.2g) of as-prepared CdO(2) nanocrystals could catalyze degradation of 500 ml methyl orange solution above 99% after 5h of illumination, and smaller size made for higher photocatalytic activity of CdO(2) nanocrystals.     

Shape-controlled synthesis of cuprous oxide nanocrystals via the electrochemical route with H2O-polyol mix-solvent and their behaviors of adsorption

With H2O-polyols (glycerol, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400) mix-solvent as media in the NaCl-NaOH-NaNO3 electrolytic system, we developed a simple and efficient electrochemical route for the synthesis of Cu2O nanocrystals with different morphology. The SEM results indicated that electrolytic media and current density had a great influence on the shape of Cu2O crystals. The mono-disperse and uniform sphere Cu2O nanoparticles could be readily obtained in H2O-glycerol (or H2O-ethylene glycol) mix-solvent (1:1 volume ratio) and current density 5 mA/cm2. The sphere Cu2O nanoparticles exhibit excellent adsorption ability for organic dyes (methyl orange, fuchsin acid and methyl blue), which is obviously superior to that of the irregular shape Cu2O crystals prepared in H2O-PEG400 (polyethylene glycol 400) mix-solvent. The present work further confirmed that the adsorption ability of Cu2O crystals was related to their size and shape.     

Biotemplated preparation of CdS nanoparticles/bacterial cellulose hybrid nanofibers for photocatalysis application

In this work, we describe a novel facile and effective strategy to prepare micrometer-long hybrid nanofibers by deposition of CdS nanoparticles onto the substrate of hydrated bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCF). Hexagonal phase CdS nanocrystals were achieved via a simple hydrothermal reaction between CdCl(2) and thiourea at relatively low temperature. The prepared pristine BCF and the CdS/BCF hybrid nanofibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results reveal that the CdS nanoparticles were homogeneously deposited on the BCF surface and stabilized via coordination effect. The CdS/BCF hybrid nanofibers demonstrated high-efficiency photocatalysis with 82% methyl orange (MO) degradation after 90 min irradiation and good recyclability. The results indicate that the CdS/BCF hybrid nanofibers are promising candidate as robust visible light responsive photocatalysts.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange: influence of H2O2 in the TiO2-based system

The purpose of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of a reactive azo dye. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 was studied using a reactor equipped with UV-A sources, with maximum emission at 365 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 powder (99.9% anatase) and thin films has been measured through the decomposition of methyl orange solutions. The thin film was prepared by doctor blade and spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD). The TiO2 suspensions were prepared at 1 g/L concentration, and the initial methyl orange concentration was fixed at 7.8125 mg/L. The influence of the TiO2 (powder or thin films) and/or O2 and H2O2 on the photobleaching rate, was tested under different experiments, at pH = 5. Thin films (doctor blade) of TiO2 formed of mezo-sized aggregates formed of nanosized anatase crystallites show better photobleaching efficiency than thin film (SPD) due to their large internal surface. The rate is even higher in H2O2 compared to oxygen environment.     

Cd/CdS光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用胶体化学法制备表面富镉的Cd／CdS纳米粒子为催化剂对水溶液中甲基橙的光催化降解进行了研究。探讨了光催化反应机理,讨论了光催化剂用量,双氧水的用量,试液的pH值,光照时间与甲基橙脱色率的关系。实验结果表明,当甲基橙起始浓度为20mg／L,Cd／CdS用量为0．500g,双氧水用量为5．88mmol／L,pH值为7．0时,光照6h,甲基橙的脱色率可达到95．5％。     

棒状纳米微晶纤维素诱导制备花状TiO2纳米晶体

以棒状纳米微晶纤维素(Nanocrystalline cellulose,NCC)为形貌诱导剂,TiCl4为原料,采用水解法在70℃的温度下反应4～6 h,制备了TiO2花状纳米晶体.采用TEM、HRTEM、XRD和FTIR对不同条件下制得的TiO2晶体的微观形貌、晶粒尺寸和晶相组成进行了表征,探讨了TiCl4的用量及反应时间对晶体形貌和晶型的影响,并对其形成机理进行分析.纳米微晶纤维素表面富含大量羟基,可与TiO2之间形成氢键连接,促使TiO2在其表面的异质成核和生长,同时纳米微晶纤维素在TiO2表面的吸附作用,改变了各晶面的表面能和生长速度,使TiO2沿着[110]方向优先生长形成一维针状物,针状物再进一步聚集形成花状聚集体.以甲基橙为目标污染物,测试了所得TiO2纳米花状晶体的光催化性能.结果表明,随着TiCl4用量的增多及反应时间的延长,所制得的TiO2纳米晶体中金红石含量增多,形貌逐渐复杂化,光催化性能下降.     

Preparation and characteristics of CdS thin films by dip-coating method using its nanocrystal ink

CdS nanocrystals were synthesized by hot injection method using EG as solvent, polyvinylpyrrolidone as dispersant, triethanolamine as stabilizing agent, Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O and H₂NCSNH₂ as cadmium and sulfur sources respectively. The synthesized nanocrystals were washed and ultrasonically dispersed with absolute ethanol to prepare nanocrystal ink. CdS thin films were deposited by dip-coating glass substrates with the nanocrystal ink and annealed at 450 °C in Ar atmosphere. Crystalline phase, morphology and element stoichiometry of the CdS nanocrystals derived from different synthesis temperatures were investigated by XRD, TEM and EDS. Surface morphology, crystalline phase and optical absorption spectrum of the CdS films were characterized by SEM, XRD and UV-Vis.     

Synthesis of CdS nanocrystals with different morphologies via an ultraviolet irradiation route

A simple ultraviolet photochemical reduction synthetic approach to preparing CdS nanocrystals with different morphologies is described. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as soft template for the chemical synthesis of CdS nanocrystals in a mixture solution at room temperature. It was found that the magnetic force stirring and the volume proportions of C₂H₅OH and H₂O had marked influences on the morphology of CdS nanocrystals (such as spherical, acicular-like, rod-like and worm-like shapes). The formation of CdS is via precipitation of Cd²⁺ ions with the homogeneously released S²⁻ ions from decomposition of thioacetamide under ultraviolet irradiation source. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectra were employed to characterize the products. This novel method is expected to produce various semiconductor nanocrystals with potential applications in the fields of materials science and photovoltaic cells, etc.     

Morphology and phase selective synthesis of CuxO (x = 1, 2) nanostructures and their catalytic degradation activity

Cu_xO (x = 1, 2) nanocrystals have been synthesized by the composite-hydroxide-mediated approach. The obtained nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–vis spectrum. The morphology of the nanocrystals changed from sphere-shaped nanostructures to flower-shaped nanostructures, and finally to nanowires associated with phase transformation from CuO to Cu₂O by increasing the temperature. The possible phase transformation mechanism was discussed. The catalytic degradation activity of the Cu_xO (x = 1, 2) nanocrystals to methyl orange was also investigated. The photocatalytic ability of the sphere-shaped nanostructures is much higher than that of the nanowires, owing to its absorption of wider range of light energy. This work provides a new facile synthesis route of Cu_xO (x = 1, 2) nanocrystals and suggests their possible application in organic pollutants removal.     

Enhanced visible-light-responsive photocatalytic property of CdS and PbS sensitized ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts

CdS and PbS nanoparticles sensitized ZnO nanorods were synthesized by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The photocatalytic activity of different structures was evaluated by photocatalytic degeneration yield of methyl orange. Co-sensitization of CdS and PbS nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods showed enhanced photocatalytic activity due to its response at visible light area and the stepwise band gap constructed in ZnO/CdS/PbS nanostructures.