Homogeneous Plastic Flow of Fully Amorphous and Partially Crystallized Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Nil0Be22.5 Bulk Metallic Glass

The homogeneous plastic flow of fully amorphous and partially crystallized Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass (Vitl) has been investigated by compression tests at high temperatures in supercooled liquid region. Experimental results show that at sufficiently low strain rates, the supercooled liquid of the fully amorphous alloy reveals Newtonian flow with a linear relationship between the flow stress and strain rate. As the strain rate is increased, a transition from linear Newtonian to nonlinear flow is detected, which can be explained by the transition state theory.Over the entire strain rate interval investigated, however, only nonlinear flow is present in the partially crystallized alloy, and the flow stress for each strain rate is much higher. It is found that the strain rate-stress relationship for the partially crystallized alloy at the given temperature of 646 K also obeys the sinh law derived from the transition state theory, similar to that of the initial homogeneous amorphous alloy. Thus, it is proposed that the flow behavior of the nanocrystalline/amorphous composite at 646 K is mainly controlled by the viscous flow of the remaining supercooled liquid.     

Investigation of Micro Formability of Bulk Amorphous Alloy in the Supercooled Liquid State Based on Fluid Flow and Finite Element Analysis

Research results on the viscous flow deformation behavior of bulk amorphous alloy in different systems are reviewed. The material exhibits an ideal Newtonian fluid at a high temperature. Analytical solution of lamellar fluid flow behavior is used to discuss the viscous flow behavior of the bulk amorphous alloy in the supercooled liquid state. A material model, which describes such deformation behavior of Mg60Cu30Y10 amorphous alloy,is introduced into the finite element method of microforming process. Surface feature size was investigated and found not sensitive to the micro formability. Bulk amorphous alloy may possibly be applied to microelectro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) fabrication.     

添加AlN对机械合金化Zr65Al7.5CU17.5Ni10非晶态合金热稳定性的影响

以成分为Zr65Al7.5Cu17.5Ni10的元素的粉末混合物及AIN颗粒为起始材料,经机械合金化形成非晶态合金为基体的复合材料,AIN添加量为5％－30％（体积分数,下同）,利用X射线衍射（XRD）,透射电子 显微镜（TEM）和差示扫描量热计（DSC）分析了含AIN复合材料的结构特性,玻璃转变与晶化行为,TEM观察表明,AIN第二相粒子弥散分布在晶Zr基合金基体上,粒子尺寸为20－200nm,仍为初始的晶体结构,与未添加AIN的Zr基非晶态合金相比,含5％－10％AIN的复合材料仍表现出较宽的过冷液态温度区域,玻璃转变温度（Tg)和晶化激活能（Ex)没有显著变化,但晶化起始温度（Tx)向高温移动大约10K,导致过冷液态温度区域的扩宽,AIN含量增至30％,明显的玻璃转变消失,Tx升高的20K。     

Zr35Ti30Cu8.25Be26.75非晶合金在高速率下的高温流变本构模型

为研究锆基非晶合金在过冷液相区内较高温度区间和较高应变速率变形条件下的流变行为,准确描述温度和应变速率对非晶合金流变应力的影响,用Zwick/Roell力学性能实验机对Zr₃₅Ti₃₀Cu_8.25Be_26.75非晶合金进行高温(～1.2T_g)较高速(～10⁰/s)下的压缩实验,分别采用虚应力模型和提出的Maxwell-Pulse本构模型进行了应力、应变关系的表征。结果表明:Zr₃₅Ti₃₀Cu_8.25Be_26.75非晶合金的流变行为具有较强的温度和应变速率敏感性,即随着温度的降低和应变速率的升高,非晶合金的流变应力单调增加,同时其变形行为由平衡态牛顿流变转变为非平衡态的非牛顿流变;对比实验数据和模型预测数据发现,虚应力模型拟合结果偏差较大,误差大于50%,而Maxwell-Pulse本构模型预测值与实验值一致性好,准确率在90%以上,说明Maxwell-Pulse本构模型不仅能够同时描述Zr₃₅Ti₃₀Cu_8.25Be_26.75非晶合金的牛顿流变和非牛顿流变现象,也能够准确地反映Zr₃₅Ti₃₀Cu_8.25Be_26.75非晶合金在高温和较高应变速率变形条件下的应力应变关系。     

Electrochemical behavior of partially crystallized amorphous Al86Ni9La5 alloys

The Al₈₆Ni₉La₅ amorphous ribbons were annealed at 503 K for different time to obtain partially crystallized alloys with the different volume fractions of α-Al phase, and the effect of the crystallization extent on the electrochemical behavior of the ribbon was investigated in 0.01 M NaCl solution. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the partially crystallized ribbons is higher than that of the as-spun ribbon with the fully amorphous structure, and the corrosion resistance of the partially crystallized alloy is strongly dependent on the volume fraction of α-Al phase. The partially crystallized ribbon containing about 20 vol% α-Al phase exhibits the highest corrosion resistance.     

高能球磨技术制备Fe_(78-x)MxSi_(13)B_9磁性材料

采用高能球磨技术制备Fe78-xMxSi13B9软磁非晶合金粉体,利用X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热分析仪、扫描电镜和振动样品磁强计分析过渡金属元素M(Zr、Nb、Mo)的添加对合金粉体微观组织结构、热稳定性及软磁性能的影响。结果表明,Zr、Nb的添加有利于Fe-Si-B系合金的非晶转变,其最大过冷液相区ΔTx为70.62 K,玻璃转变温度Tg和开始晶化温度Tx分别为785.05、855.67 K;饱和磁化强度Ms为111 emu/g,矫顽力Hc约为2 028.443 A/m。     

非晶态合金条带高压复合法制备大块非晶态合金

介绍一种制备大块非晶态合金的新方法－快淬非晶态合金和条带高压复合法，其原理是利用高压抑制非晶态合金的晶化过程，从而在较宽的温区通过大量均匀的粘滞流变实现快淬非晶态合金条带的全致密复合。     

宽过冷液相区铁基非晶合金的形成和磁性

用熔体急冷法制备出具有明显的玻璃转变和较宽的过冷液相区的Fe-Co-(Nb)-Zr-B非晶合金,研究了热稳定性和软磁性能。结果表明,在Fe-Co-Zr-B四元合金中添加适量的Nb可以显著扩大过冷液相区,提高合金的热稳定性。当冷却速率降低时,急冷合金具有非晶和纳米晶的复相结构。非晶合金的饱和磁化强度随Nb含量的增加而减小。不同Nb含量的非晶合金的饱和磁致伸缩系数均较低。在低于晶化温度的温度下退火可以有效地降低矫顽力,改善软磁性能。晶化导致软磁性能降低。     

Effect on microstructure and plastic deformation behavior of a Zr-based amorphous alloy by cooling rate control

In this study,Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 amorphous alloys samples with the same diameter(8 mm)were prepared by using self-designed molds(viz.refractory steel,pure graphite,and copper molds)with dif-ferent cooling capacities.Moreover,by eliminating the size effect,the effect of the cooling rate on the microstructure and compression deformation behavior of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 amorphous alloys was investigated.Differentiation of the cooling curves revealed that the instantaneous cooling rates of the alloy melt at the glass transition temperature(Tg)are 45,52,and 64K·s-1 for refractory steel,pure graphite,and copper molds,respectively.X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that with the decrease in the cooling rate,trace icosahedral-like atomic clusters and nanocrystals appear in local areas of the amorphous alloy and that the amount of free volume decreases with the increase in the amount of icosahedra-like atomic clusters and nanocrystals.Compression test results revealed that the elastic strain,yield strength,and compressive strength of the amorphous alloy marginally change with the decrease in the cooling rate,while the plastic strain gradually increases.By fitting,the effective size of the vein-like pattern was lin-early related to the enthalpy released during structural relaxation and plastic strain,indicating that at a low cooling rate,the trace nanocrystals in the amorphous alloy could not effectively improve its plasticity and that the amount of free volume mainly affects its plasticity.     

非晶合金精细零部件的超塑性成形技术

对各种精细零部件成形方法进行了比较，介绍了典型大块非晶合金的特性，尤其是大块非晶合金在过冷温度域的超塑性成形性能，概述了目前国外已开发的非晶合金精细零部件超塑性成形技术及其在典型精细零部件成形方面的应用。     

Ferromagnetic Fe-based Amorphous Alloy with High Glass-forming Ability

A ferromagnetic amorphous Fe73Al4Ge2Nb1P10C6B4 alloy with high glass-forming ability was synthesized by melt spinning. The supercooled liquid region before crystallization reaches about 65.7 K. The crystallized structure consists of alpha -Fe, Fe3B, FeB, Fe3P and Fe3C phases. The Fe-based amorphous alloy exhibits good magnetic properties with a high saturation magnetization and a low saturated magnetostriction. The crystallization leads to an obvious decrease in the soft magnetic properties.     

Fe80P13C7块体非晶态合金与非晶薄带抗腐蚀性能的对比研究

通过J-Quenching技术在低冷速(低于1000K/s)下制备出块体尺寸达2mm的Fe80P13C7非晶态合金。通过阳极极化曲线测试以及对样品在1mol/L的HCl溶液中浸泡后的腐蚀形貌的观察,对Fe80P13C7块体非晶态合金、非晶薄带以及晶态合金的电化学腐蚀行为进行了对比研究,结果表明,块体非晶的腐蚀性能优于非晶薄带和晶态合金。这可能是由于块体非晶态合金在制备过程中冷速较低,原子发生结构弛豫的时间更长,结合能增大,使得合金中原子与溶液中离子的反应速率减慢,从而提高了块体非晶态合金的腐蚀性能。     

Study of air oxidation of amorphous Zr<Subscript>65</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>17.5</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10</Subscript>Al<Subscript>7.5</Subscript> by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

The oxidation of the bulk amorphous alloy Zr₆₅Cu_17.5Ni₁₀Al_7.5 in air in its amorphous and the supercooled liquid states was studied in the temperature range 573–663 K using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The oxide film mainly consisted of the oxides of Zr (as ZrO₂) and Al (as Al₂O₃). No Cu or Ni was found in the oxide film formed on the amorphous state of the alloy while significant Cu (as CuO) was present in the oxide film formed on the alloy in its supercooled liquid state. The role of the various alloying elements during oxidation at high temperatures in air is discussed in the paper. The XPS data from oxide film support the previously suggested mechanism for oxidation of this alloy, i.e. the rate controlling process during oxidation of the alloy at low temperatures (in the amorphous state) is the back-diffusion of Ni and Cu, while the oxidation at high temperatures (in the supercooled liquid state) is dominated by the inward diffusion of oxygen.     

Cast bulk ZrTiAlCuNi amorphous alloys

Cylindrical bulk amorphous samples with diameters up to 10 mm have been prepared by casting ZrTiAlCuNi alloys in a copper mould. In order to rank glass-forming ability as a function of alloy composition, alloys were also cast into wedge-shaped moulds; to a first approximation, the thickness of the amorphous region obtained can be taken as an indication of glass-forming ability. The compositions which lead to the production of bulk glasses all have reduced glass transition temperatures in excess of 0.65 and the extremely high glass-forming ability of these compositions is discussed. We suggest that both the Al and Ti contents are determining factors for the production of bulk amorphous samples and these are believed to reduce the driving force for, and hence the rate of, crystallisation. These amorphous alloys have been found to display high thermal stability and can be annealed for several minutes in the supercooled liquid region. They are ductile at room temperature and have a high value of yield stress.     

大块非晶合金在过冷液相区微塑性成形的研究进展

综述了大块非晶合金在过冷液相区微塑性成形的工艺、成形性能评价及有限元技术应用方面的研究进展.指出应用大块非晶合金在过冷液相区粘性流变特性的微塑性成形技术及分析和优化成形工艺的有限元技术发展迅速.展望了过冷液相区微塑性成形技术的进一步研究对大块非晶合金在MEMS典型精细零件加工方面应用的巨大推动作用.     

Glass-Forming Ability for Nd_(70-x)Fe_(20)Al_(10)Y_x and Nd_(60-x)Fe_(30)Al_(10)Y_x Alloys

The glass-forming ability (GFA) of Nd70-xFe2oAl10Yx and Nd60-xFe30Al10Yx (0< x <15) alloys produced by Cu mold casting was investigated. Except Y=5 at. pct, bulk amorphous Nd70-xFe20Al10Yx alloys up to 2 mm in diameter were obtained. The GFA for Nd60-xFe30Al10Yx alloys, however, was found to decrease with increase of Y due to the increasing compositional deviation from the original eutectic point of Nd60Fe30Al10 alloy. The Nd60Fe20Al10Y10 and Nd60Fe30Al10 alloy exhibit the largest GFA and can be cast into bulk amorphous cylindrical specimens of 3 mm in diameter. The melting temperature or/and the reduced crystallization temperature is closely related to the GFA of Y-containing alloys. The bulk amorphous cylinder for the Nd55Fe20Al10Y15 alloy shows a distinct glass transition temperature and a wide supercooled liquid region before crystallization. The crystallization temperature, Tg, and the supercooled liquid region, TX, are 776 K and 58 K, respectively. The GFA and thermal stability of the Nd-Fe-AI-Y a     

Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of an Amorphous CuTi Alloy

Isothermal crystallization kinetics ofCu_(40)Ti_(60)amorphous alloy has been studied usingdifferential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Bothas-quenched and pre-annealed ribbons were inves-tigated.For crystallization of as-quenched amor-phous ribbon in Ar,it was found that the kineticsfollows Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation withmean Avrami exponent n=2.58,which indicatesthat crystallization of amorphous Cu_(40)Ti_(60)is athree-dimensional diffusion controlled growth pro-cess with constant nucleation rate,i.e.,primarycrystallization process.The primary phase is thetetragonal CuTi_2.The as-quenched amorphousribbons were also crystallized in air,the results re-veal that oxidation has no significant influence oncrystallization kinetics of amorphous Cu_(40)Ti_(60).The results of crystallization of pre-annealed rib-bons show a decreasing tendency of Avrami expo-nent with increasing pre-anneal time.The localactivation energy and local Avrami exponent dur-ing crystallization process of as-quenched amor-phous alloy were also examined.     

Preparation and crystallization of Ti53Cu27Ni12Zr3Al7Si3B1 bulk metallic glass with wide supercooled liquid region

Ti-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) alloy with the composition of Ti₅₃Cu₂₇Ni₁₂Zr₃Al₇Si₃B₁ was prepared by copper molder casting method and ribbon sample was prepared by melt spinning to compare. The thermal instability of this glass phase was examined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results revealed that the supercooled liquid region (ΔT_x), glass transition temperature (T_g) and reduced glass transition temperature (T_g/T_m) of the glassy alloy are detected to be 69, 685 and 0.62 K, respectively. The crystallization behavior of the Ti-based glass phase was also investigated by annealing the glass phase at series temperatures above T_g. The annealed microstructures were examined by means of X-ray diffraction experiments. The crystallization process of the BMG can be characterized by metastable crystalline phases at the first crystallization step and further transition to stable crystalline phases at high temperature through metastable crystalline phase.     

Glass-Forming Ability for Nd70-xFe20AlioYx and Nd60-xFe30Al10Yx Alloys

The glass-forming ability (FGA) of Nd70-xFe20Al10Yx and Nd60-xFe30Al10Yx(0≤x≤15) alloys produced by Cu mold casting was investigated.Except Y=5 at.pct,bulk amorphous Nd70-xFe20Al10Yx alloys up to 2mm in diameter were obtained.The GFA for Nd60-xFe30Al10Yx alloys,however,was found to decrease with increase of Y due to the increasing compositional deviation from the original eutectic point of Nd60Fe30Al10 alloy.The Nd60Fe20Al10Y10 and Nd60Fe30Al10 alloy exhibit the largest GFA and can be cast into bulk amorphous cylindrical specimens of 3mmm in diameter.The melting temperature or /and the reduced crystallization temperature is closely related to the GFA of Y-containing alloys.The bulk amorphous c ylinder for the Nd55Fe20Al10Y15 alloy shows a distinct glass transition temperature and a wide supercooled liquid region before crystallization.The crystallization temperature,Tg,and the supercooled liquid region,ΔTx,are 776K and 58K,respectively,The GFA and thermal stability of the Nd-Fe-Al-Y alloys were discussed.     

Crystallization Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Zr65Cu18Ni9Al8 Bulk Metallic Glass

Designing and synthesis of cost effective bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has been of considerable interest during the last decade so that they can be made commercially viable. Among these, Zr-based BMGs have been reported extensively due to their attractive properties. An alloy having composition Zr65Cu18Ni9Al8 was designed and synthesized using 2-3 N pure materials by Cu mould casting. The alloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and high temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal parameters like supercooled liquid region ΔTX, reduced glass transition temperature Trg, γand σ parameters were evaluated. Mechanical properties like microhardness, nanohardness, elastic modulus and fracture strength were measured. The alloy showed wide supercooled liquid region of 129±1 K with improved thermal stability. The alloy has considerable fracture strength along with fair amount of ductility.