氢原子轨道的微型计算机作图程序

本文给出了在CASIOPB-700微型计算机上的氢原子轨道的BASIC作图程序,根据计算的氢原子分布函数和应用这些绘图程序。绘制了径向分布函数r~2R_(nl)~2(r)(n=5,l=0,1,2,3,4),角分布函数图Y_(lm)(θ,Φ)(l=4)和氢原子轨道的等值线图,同样方法,可编制作出几率密度ψ_(nlm)~2(r,θ,Φ)和函数Y_(lm)~2(θ,Φ)的曲线图。     

基于径向基函数网络的隐式曲线

将径向基函数网络与隐式曲线构造原理相结合,提出了构造隐式曲线的新方法,即首先由约束点构造神经网络的输入与输出,把描述物体边界曲线的隐式函数转化为显式函数,然后用径向基函数网络对此显式函数进行逼近,最后由神经网络的仿真曲面得到物体边界的拟合曲线．实验表明,基于径向基函数网络的隐式曲线具有很强的物体边界描述能力和缺损修复能力．     

基于BSSRDF模型回归人脸皮肤实时渲染

基于三层材质模型,利用双向表面散射反射分布函数,模拟光线在皮肤表面的散射效果。提出一种采用径向基函数神经网络对次表面散射剖面进行拟合的方法,以实现人脸皮肤真实感实时渲染。使用离线渲染的方式进行预计算,获取训练数据,进行训练,代替传统的渲染方式。实验证明,本文方法能有效减少冗余数据,以较快的速度收敛,并且很好地拟合离线渲染的结果。     

最小二乘曲线拟合在溶液表面张力实验数据处理中的应用

为了优化正丁醇溶液表面张力实验的数据处理方法,本文使用线性和非线性最小二乘曲线拟合方法拟合σ-c关系曲线,并比较了2种拟合方法在溶液表面张力实验数据处理中的应用效果,发现后者能更好地反映正丁醇水溶液表面张力与浓度的函数关系,拟合效果较好,拟合后的计算较简便,计算正丁醇分子截面积结果较准确.继续用后者处理舍弃了2个高浓度数据后的实验数据,拟合效果更好,计算分子截面积结果更准确.在处理正丁醇溶液表面张力实验数据时,应避免使用线性最小二乘曲线拟合方法,应使用非线性最小二乘曲线拟合方法.在正丁醇溶液表面张力实验中,应避免使用高浓度溶液,应使用较低浓度的溶液.     

电容式降雨传感器及其特性曲线拟合方法

针对将电容式传感器应用于降雨测量时,特性曲线的非线性误差较大问题,分别采用最小二乘曲线拟合法和径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对其输出特性曲线进行拟合.结果表明:RBF神经网络模型具有更强的非线性映射能力,其拟合精度明显高于最小二乘多项式模型.     

苏打碱化土壤盐分离子与相关性分析

选取典型苏打碱化土壤剖面,分析了0～200cm深度主要盐分离子(Ca2 、Mg2 、Na 、K 、CO32-、HCO3-、Cl-和SO42-)的垂直分布规律。对各离子之间的相关性进行了统计分析。结果表明,测试土样离子以Na 和HCO3-离子为主,其剖面分布规律是表层含量较低,在80cm左右逐渐增至最大值,其后离子含量随深度而降低,至160cm以下则又随深度而增加,即在整个土壤剖面上大致呈倒"S"曲线分布。CO32-、HCO3-、Cl-与Na ,CO32-、HCO3-与Cl-之间均是相关系数大于0.80的极显著相关;除K 离子外,其它7个离子间均具有显著相关性,这表明该苏打碱化土壤盐分离子组成具有复杂性的特点。     

动态光散射中分辨流体力学半径的重叠峰

动态光散射中,宽分布体系的流体力学半径分布f(R_h)的形态有时比较复杂,呈现为重叠峰,妨碍了人们直接解释或认识数据。为了将其重叠峰分解为单峰,从而了解每个单峰的细节特征,作者针对这种重叠峰的现象,而单组分流体力学半径分布曲线一般却为非负、不对称,且其对数具有近似对称的特点,于是提出用修改的对数Gaussian和Lorentzian函数作为数学理论模型,该理论模型曲线的不对称程度,可用左、右半支不同的均方差和指数来表征。文章采用曲线拟合法分离流体力学半径分布的重叠峰。由于本文构造的目标函数比较复杂,变量个数较多,因此选择单纯型法和模拟退火法相结合,并根据实验采用温度以指数规律衰减。文章计算和分析不同分离度的理论模型,探讨分离度对重叠峰分离的影响,并作出大致的估计。模型和实例的计算证实本法有效。     

用微机计算电子衍射径向分布函数

本文介绍用微机计算非晶态高聚物电子衍射径向分布函数(RDF)。运用二次样条函数分段拟合及傅氏积分的数学方法,通过 BASIC 程序,只要输入初始实验数据即可自动解算且连续得到与各运算阶段相应的曲线图及其运算结果.     

SnO2 纳米传感器的灵敏度􀀁温度特性曲线拟合研究

对三次样条函数在纳米传感器输出特性曲线拟合中的应用进行了理论分析,应用软件Matlab6.5结合实验数据对掺杂苯的SnO2纳米传感器的灵敏度-温度特性曲线进行了拟合,结果表明三次样条曲线函数的拟合曲线光滑且精度高,相对误差在-0.2%～ 0.3%以内.     

一种基于神经网络算法的高精度拟合传感器温度特性曲线的方法

为了有效改善传感器温度补偿特性,提出了基于傅立叶基函数神经网络算法的温度特性曲线拟合模型.分析了算法的收敛性,为学习率的选择提供了理论依据.给出了对掺杂苯的SnO2纳米传感器的灵敏度-温度特性曲线进行拟合的实例.结果表明基于傅立叶基函数神经网络算法的传感器温度特性拟合曲线具有高的光滑性和高的拟合精度(10-6),因而是一种有效的温度特性曲线拟合方法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.