阳离子聚丙烯酰胺处理油田含油污水的实验

以季铵盐阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(LBT)作絮凝剂，以复合聚氯化铝为混凝剂，对河南油田双河联合站含油废水进行了处理。结果表明，ρ(油)为600mg／1．的主流程废水，在复合PAC投药质量浓度为150mg／L，LBL质量浓度为lmg／L时，处理水含油质量浓度可达1．8mg／L，去除率为99．7％；CODcr为l000mg／L的次流程废水，在复合PAC质量浓度为200mg／L，LBT质量浓度为2mg／L时，处理水的CODcr在l40mg／L左右，去除率为86．0％。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理奶牛场废水的研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器处理奶牛场废水的运行特点,试验结果表明：实验温度在36—39℃,流量控制在3～6Ifh,进水COD质量浓度1000mg／L,HRT为17—34h,Nv=0．72～1．44kgCOD／（m^3·d）,MISS=38～50g／L的条件下,COD去除率为75％。     

氧化锌粉体的制备及在光催化法处理造纸废水中的应用

以氧化锌粉体作为光催化剂，对经预处理的造纸废水进行处理，结果表明：在氧化锌粉体投入量为0．4000g／L，双氧水的投入量为235．3mmol／L，pH为4．00时，利用500W汞灯光照7h，废水的COD。。去除率为98．8％，出水COD。。为20mg／L。废水的预处理过程：取一定量的造纸废水放人烧杯中，CODcr为2167mg／L，用质量分数为30％的NaOH溶液调节pH到12．00左右，经搅拌加热后即有絮状沉淀，过滤后的滤液备用，滤液CODcr为1104—1626mg／L。氧化锌粉体的制备：将浓度为1．5mol／L的硫酸锌溶液加热至70—80℃，搅拌下滴加体积分数为50％的氨水，     

混凝剂和混凝方法对UV254的处理效率研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器处理奶牛场废水的运行特点,试验结果表明：实验温度在36～39℃,流量控制在3-6L／h,进水COD质量浓度1000mg／L,HRT为17～34h,Nv=0．72～1．44kgCOD／（m^3·d）,MLSS=38～50g／L的条件下,COD去除率为75％。     

土霉素生产废水的处理试验

根据土霉素制药废水的水质特征，进行了“Fenton-接触氧化”工艺处理制药废水的试验，结果表明：Fenton反应可有效地降低废水的有机物浓度，提高了废水的可生化性，BOD5与CODcr的质量比由0．19提高到0．47，有利于后续好氧生物反应：该工艺的平均CODcr，平均BOD5去除率分别达到98％和96％，出水CODcr、BOD5的质量浓度分别不高于132mg／L、52mg／L。     

微量Fe、Co、Ni对厌氧污泥活性的影响

在静态装置中培养厌氧污泥,以葡萄糖、尿素、磷酸二氢钾为厌氧微生物生长的营养物质和处理废水,向培养瓶中直接加入不同浓度的FeCl2、CoCl2、NiCl2溶液进行单因素实验。当投入的铁离子质量浓度为5mg／L,钴离子的质量浓度为0．7mg／L,镍离子的质量浓度为1mg／L时,废水COD的去除率为88％,甲烷总产量达到68mL,均大于各个单因素的效果,因此有效提高了对有机物的降解能力。     

絮凝气浮法处理环烷酸废水研究

对絮凝法处理环烷酸废水过程中有重要影响的因素进行了小试实验研究,得出了去除废水中CODcr的最佳絮凝条件：选用聚合硫酸铁(PFS) 阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(PHP)药剂,PFS投药质量浓度为275mg／L,PHP投药质量浓度为8mg／L;pH值对絮凝没有影响;温度对絮凝效果有影响,温度越低絮凝效果越好。以小试实验数据为依据,确定中试实验最佳投药量,PFS为275mg／L,PHP为6．7mg／L,在此条件下处理环烷酸废水,CODcr去除率达到83．1％。     

UASB反应器处理活性黑KN-B废水的研究

采用UASB反应器处理活性黑KN—B废水,研究了水力停留时间（HRT）、碳源组成及浓度等因素对废水处理效果的影响,考察了反应器对该废水可生化性降解的作用。试验结果表明：反应器的最佳HRT为24h,当HRT小于24h时．废水的COD去除率显著降低,而BOD,的去除率不受影响,稳定在90％。在不同葡萄糖和蛋白胨的碳源组合下．碳源含量高于2000mg／L时,废水处理效果差别不大;而碳源含量过低,低于2000mg／L时,COD去除率将明显下降,不利于对废水的处理：而BOD;的去除率受进水碳源组成的影响较小。在试验的各种条件下,UASB反应器的活性污泥都能够有效处理500mg／L的高浓度活性黑KN—B废水,去除率稳定在90％以上。     

磁种混凝-高梯度磁分离技术的印染废水处理

应用自制的高梯度磁分离装置处理印染废水，结果表明，低剂量Fenton氧化-磁种混凝-高梯度磁分离技术处理色度为800倍、COD为565．0mg／L的成分复杂印染废水效果良好，色度、COD的去除率分别达到92．6％和79．5％，符合国家二级排放标准。最佳工艺条件为：pH=6，FeSO4-7H2O=250mg／L，H2O2=1．3mL／L，PAM=0．75mg／L，磁粉加入量150mg／L，电流强度8A，水样流速2．420L／min，不锈钢丝绒填充率1．00％～1．43％。     

SBR法处理德士古煤气化废水的脱氮功效和影响因素

采用SBR工艺对德士古气化生产甲醇产生的废水处理,结果表明：在碳、氮、磷比例理想的情况下,达到了既去除有机物又能脱氮的效果。当总停留时间控制在5～9h、污泥负荷为0．041～0．096kgBOD5／（kgMLSS·d）时,出水BOD5浓度为0-30mg／L,去除率达88％～89％;出水COD浓度为10．7～32．2mg／L,去除率达87％～89％;出水NH3-N浓度为2．83～9．23mg／L,去除率达95％～97％。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.