10Ni8CrMoV钢焊接过热区和细晶区的组织与性能

采用热模拟技术研究了10Ni8CrMoV这种超高强度钢(Rp0.2≥1000 MPa)焊接热影响区的过热区和细晶区的组织与性能.结果表明,10Ni8CrMoV这一新型钢种的模拟焊接热影响区的过热区和细晶区表现出与绝大多数材料完全相反的规律,过热区存在少量的铁素体组织,马氏体板条束之间形成了一定量的奥氏体薄膜,这些韧度相的存在使得过热区的冲击韧度与基体相比有了较大的提高;细晶区部位奥氏体含量很少,细小的板条马氏体端部呈针状特征造成应力集中,易于诱发裂纹.因此这一部位有可能成为焊接接头的薄弱地带.     

980MPa级高强钢焊接接头HAZ的组织和性能

采用焊接热模拟的方法,研究一种980 MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢焊接接头HAZ不同区域,通过对各个区域的组织及相的分析,以及相应的拉伸及冲击试验研究了此类高强钢的组织和性能.结果表明,粗晶区的冲击性能最好,细晶区的冲击性能最低,为热影响区的薄弱环节.粗晶区组织为均匀粗细相间的板条贝氏体组织;在板条贝氏体上弥散析出碳化物;板条贝氏体界面上的奥氏体薄膜的存在是粗晶区韧性提高的原因.细晶区为孪晶马氏体+少量的板条马氏体,孪晶马氏体是导致细晶区性能下降的主要原因.

Abstract：

Microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ of 980 MPa low carbon bainite high strength steel joints were studied . The different regions of welded joint HAZ were simulated by welding thermal simulation technique. Microstructure observation, phase analysis, and corresponding tensile and impact test for different regions of welded joint HAZ were taken. The results indicate: the impact property of coarse grain zone is the best, while the impact property of fine grain zone is the worst. So the fine grain zone is the weakest part of the welded joint. Microstructure of coarse grain zone is uniform interweaved coarse and fine lath martensites, and precipitation acicular ferrite are distributed between the lath martensites. Toughness of coarse grain zone is increased owing to the austenite thin film adherent lath martensite interface. Microstructure of fine grain zone are twin martensite and a small number of lath maarten-site, only minor acicular ferrite are distributed in the twin martensite . Toughness of fine-grained zone was decreased owing to twin martensite.     

等温淬火球铁(ADI)的微观组织与力学性能

ADI的显微组织由奥氏体加上针状铁素体的混合组织组成。其每一束针状铁素体由许多位相相同,厚度大约200 nm的薄铁素体片组成。其奥氏体有两种形态:一种是存在于针状铁素体之间的近似于等轴形的块状奥氏体;一种是存在于针状铁素体内的薄条形奥氏体。从晶粒尺寸数量级来说,针状铁素体的厚度约为200 nm,而铁素体内奥氏体的厚度仅为几到10 nm数量级。金属强化的几种主要方式,细晶强化、位错强化、晶界与亚结构强化、第二相强化、固溶强化等都在ADI得到了体现。正是由于ADI这种特有的微观组织使其具有了优越的力学性能。     

Ferrite-Martensite Band Formation During the Intercritical Annealing

Microstructural evolution during the intercritical annealing at 740 and 770 °C for 120-900 s in a low-carbon low-alloy steel from the initial martensitic matrix was studied by electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. It was seen that during the intercritical annealing, the martensitic structure changes to the tempered martensite with carbides. The results depicted that the temperature and time of intercritical annealing influence significantly the distribution and amount of the formed carbides. Two types of austenite morphology were identified to grow simultaneously, i.e., globular and acicular. A longer annealing time led to the coarse globular and thick acicular austenite morphology. The austenite with globular morphology nucleated preferably at prior austenite grain boundary triple and quadruple junctions. The austenite with globular and acicular morphology was developed in Mn-rich and -poor regions, respectively. The globular austenite morphology intensified the banded microstructure of ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel, whereas the acicular austenite morphology led to a more isotropic microstructure. The experimental results illustrated that the intercritical temperature is a significant factor which can contribute to intensify the banded ferrite-martensite microstructure. The volume fractions of austenite with globular and acicular morphology were quantitatively measured. The volume fraction of globular to acicular morphology of austenite was high and low at 770 and 740 °C, respectively.     

铸铁中的枝晶和共晶奥氏体分解产物

研究了工业灰铸铁中枝晶状奥氏体和共晶奥氏体在连续冷却过程中的分解特征。在实验条件下,枝晶奥氏体总是倾向于转变为珠光体型产物,而共晶奥氏体则可能分解为铁素体型、珠光体型、贝氏体型、马氏体型产物。     

GCr15钢表面激光淬火的组织与性能

利用HL-1500无氦横流CO2激光加工机对GCr15钢表面进行激光淬火处理。采用SSX-550型扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、XJL-02A立式金相显微镜(OM)、DMH-2LS努氏显微硬度计、ML-10滑动摩擦磨损试验机和ZF-3恒电位仪等设备对不同功率下相变硬化层的显微组织及性能进行研究。结果表明:相变硬化区的组织为细小针状马氏体和少量球状碳化物,过渡区的组织为马氏体、残留奥氏体、铁素体和碳化物;试样的硬化层硬度比基体提高了2.2～3.5倍,当激光功率为1050W时,硬化层深度最大,可达0.7mm,耐磨性比基体提高3倍,耐蚀性也显著提高。     

Microstructure Control of Non-quenched and Tempered CT80 Grade Coiled Tubing Steel

Complex working condition of coiled tube(CT) steel demands high strength and low ratio of yield strength(YS) to tensile strength(TS). Reasonable microstructure control is a key problem of CT steel. Controlled rolling and controlled cooling experiments were carried out by two kinds of tested steels with different chemical compositions to develop the non-quenched and tempered CT80 steel. Mechanical properties of the tested steels at different processes are all in good agreement with the properties requirement of CT80. Increasing of Mo and Nb contents improves transformation of acicular ferrite and martensite–austenite(M–A) islands. 4 vol% of fine M/A islands increase TS and decreases ratio of YS/TS. Cooling rate increasing also improves acicular ferrite transformation and enhances TS, but has little effect on ratio of YS/TS. To meet the requirement of high strength and low ratio of YS/TS, optimized complex microstructure of the CT80 steel is composed of acicular ferrite, about 30 vol% of bainite and 4 vol% of M–A islands.     

锯片基材75Cr1钢的热处理工艺及其组织性能

研究了锯片基材75Cr1钢不同热处理工艺下的组织、晶粒度、碳化物分布以及力学性能。结果表明:780~840 ℃之间淬火,组织为细小的针片马氏体+少量残留奥氏体。随淬火温度升高,硬度略有升高,但均在63 HRC水平附近,晶粒度由10级降至8级,晶粒不均匀程度也更加明显;随回火温度升高,组织由回火屈氏体转变为回火索氏体,细小的颗粒状碳化物增多。800 ℃淬火+540 ℃回火,75Cr1钢组织为回火索氏体,细小碳化物弥散分布,硬度36.5 HRC,具有良好的强度和塑韧性匹配。     

高氮奥氏体焊丝焊接超高强钢接头组织和性能

为解决超高强钢焊接冷裂纹问题,采用强度低于母材的高氮奥氏体丝材进行GMAW工艺试验,研究在不同坡口角度下超高强钢焊接接头组织性能. 结果表明,采用该焊丝获得的接头焊缝成形良好,焊缝截面未见裂纹缺陷. 熔合线附近组织主要为针状和板条状马氏体,焊缝组织主要为奥氏体及被奥氏体基体所包围的铁素体树枝晶. 熔合线附近马氏体区硬度平均值为530 HV;焊缝区硬度平均值为275 HV. 相对于60°坡口接头,90°坡口接头熔合线附近马氏体组织硬度更高. 90°坡口接头的抗拉强度平均达到850 MPa,最高达887 MPa,而60°坡口接头抗拉强度平均仅为690 MPa.     

微观组织对X52钢抗H2S腐蚀和开裂性能的影响

通过对X52钢进行热处理获得三种不同组织。SEM观察发现三种组织分别为铁素体/带状珠光体、马氏体/贝氏体和针状铁素体/回火马氏体。通过动电位极化、线性极化电阻、氢致开裂（HIC）实验和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂（SSC）实验,研究了不同热处理对X52钢在H₂S环境中的腐蚀与开裂行为的影响。结果表明马氏体/贝氏体显微组织由于位错密度很高且脆性大,因而腐蚀速率及HIC和SSC敏感性很高。铁素体/带状珠光体组织和针状铁素体/回火马氏体组织腐蚀速率及HIC和SSC敏感性很低。针状铁素体/回火马氏体组织由于不含带状组织且晶粒细小以及碳化物的析出,因此其HIC和SSC抗性优于铁素体/带状珠光体组织。     

磨削用量对球墨铸铁QT400磨削淬硬层及其均匀性的影响

采用逆磨+顺磨的双程平面磨削方式对球墨铸铁QT400进行磨削淬硬试验,研究了磨削深度a_p和试样进给速度v_w对淬硬层及其均匀性的影响。结果表明,磨削后试样表层存在熔化、完全相变淬硬和未完全相变淬硬等3种情况,其中,熔化层组织为二次渗碳体、残留奥氏体和碳化物,完全相变淬硬层组织为针状马氏体、残留奥氏体和球状石墨,未完全淬硬层组织为针状马氏体、铁素体、残留奥氏体和球状石墨。显微硬度分布曲线中高硬度区的平均硬度值在850~950 HV0.2之间,与基体(190~230 HV0.2)相比,显微硬度提高近3倍。随着磨削深度a_p的增大或试样进给速度v_w的减小,试样表层呈现“完全未淬硬→未完全淬硬→完全淬硬→熔化”的变化规律,显微硬度分布曲线中高硬度区的范围也变宽,淬硬层的深度也增大且均匀性良好。     

16MnCr5钢大马力柴油机凸轮轴渗碳淬火组织演变

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD测试、硬度梯度测试等研究16MnCr5低碳合金钢凸轮轴渗碳淬火+低温回火后沿径向的显微组织和硬度。结果表明,940 ℃强渗适用于16MnCr5钢凸轮轴,显微组织沿凸轮轴径向变化明显,渗碳层表面组织为高碳的针状马氏体和10%左右的残留奥氏体,表层硬度可达750 HV,有效硬化层深度可达1.5 mm以上,基体组织为贝氏体和低碳马氏体的混合组织。     

锻造Cr13Ni4钢回火工艺与逆变奥氏体及性能的关系研究

主要研究锻造Cr13Ni4马氏体不锈钢回火工艺与逆变奥氏体含量及力学性能的关系.实验表明:回火温度超过590C时,在冷却过程中逆变奥氏体会部分发生马氏体转变;合适的二次回火可大大提高逆变奥氏体的含量;在相同的一次回火温度下,二次回火(低于失稳温度590℃)温度越高,逆变奥氏体含量越高;逆变奥氏体的含量在10%左右时,材...     

14Cr1MoR钢控轧和直接淬火工艺研究

研究控制轧制和直接淬火相结合生产14Cr1MoR压力容器钢的工艺.结果表明奥氏体再结晶区变形时,单道次变形量越大则再结晶进行得越充分,再结晶后的晶粒就越细.奥氏体未再结晶区总变形量增大则奥氏体晶粒内形变区域增多,从而使马氏体形核点增多,淬火后得到细板条马氏体组织.该钢种控轧后有足够高的温度进行直接淬火,经高温回火得到细小回火索氏体,机械性能优良.     

Maraging behavior of an Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn alloy II: Evolution of reverse-transformed austenite during overaging

The evolution of reverse-transformed austenite in a maraging Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn alloy was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The types of reversed austenite observed were determined by the aging temperature and time. It was found that matrix austenite appeared first, followed by lath-like austenite and then by recrystallized austenite, the latter after prolonged aging at higher temperatures. Each evolved at different preferential sites. The first two types of reversed austenite contained dense dislocations that probably contributed to the subsequent recrystallization. The lath austenite was twin-related, and its orientation relationship with the residual martensite films obeyed either Nishiyama (N) or Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) relations, depending on the aging temperature. Each individual austenite lath nucleated independently with a habit plane close to {111}_f, and constituted a lamellar structure with the residual martensite. Its formation possibly involved a shear mechanism accompanied by element redistribution. The matrix austenite and the lath-like austenite eventually recrystallized to form fine grains of austenite. Part of the recrystallized austenite transformed to martensite after cooling so that the resultant microstructure was a mixture of a few newly formed martensite laths and oval/spherical ferrite particles distributed in the recrystallized austenite matrix. The recrystallized austenite and ferrite particles, rather than the lamellar structure of lath-like austenite, are thought to be the equilibrium phases at 550°C.     

一种稀土高强钢焊接热影响区组织与性能

机械装备的整体性能和寿命随着高强钢的大量使用而大幅提高，但性能薄弱区仍然是焊接热影响区. 应用恰当的处理技术，能生成形态、尺寸和分布有益的稀土夹杂物，在焊接中抑制原奥氏体晶粒长大改善钢的焊接性能. 试验制备了一种0.18%C的稀土高强钢，采用Gleeble-3500热模拟机模拟4种热输入下的热循环过程，采用光学显微镜观察了试验钢的焊接热影响区显微组织转变，用冲击试验机测试了焊接热影响区的冲击吸收能量，测量了不同冷却速度下的原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的变化. 结果表明，焊接热输入值为25 kJ/cm时，HAZ组织主要为马氏体，晶粒尺寸细小，这时的冲击韧性和硬度值最高. 当焊接热输入值大于50 kJ/cm以上时，钢中生成了上贝氏体和粒状贝氏体，晶粒也逐渐长大，出现了韧性下降和软化. 试验钢的C含量为0.18%，在热循环中焊缝中出现了粗大的马氏体组织，形成淬硬组织，未生成针状铁素体组织.     

Characteristic of martensite–austenite constituents in coarse grained heat affected zone of HSLA steel with varying Al contents

The fine microstructure of martensite–austenite (M–A) constituents in simulated coarse grained heat affected zone (HAZ) of high strength low alloy steel with varying aluminium content (0·038 and 0·070 wt-%) at 100 kJ cm^?1 heat input welding was investigated. The result shows that M–A constituents with 0·038%Al consisted of lath martensite and retained austenite. The retained austenite was distributed along the martensite lath. Whereas, the M–A constituents with 0·070%Al consisted of lath martensite and retained austenite, as well as a small amount of twinned martensite. The amount of retained austenite in M–A constituents with 0·070%Al was becoming higher slightly than that with 0·038%Al. Accordingly, the volume fraction of M–A constituents was reduced with 0·070%Al. Appropriate aluminium addition could decrease not only the area fraction but also the size of M–A constituents, which are beneficial for improving the toughness of HAZ.     

45钢表面激光碳合金化层的组织与性能

利用激光合金化技术在45钢表面制备了碳合金化层,借助OM、XRD和显微硬度计等研究了最佳工艺下合金化层的组织和性能,并与利用传统气体渗碳技术制备渗碳层的结果进行了对比。结果表明:影响合金化层硬度的主次顺序为激光功率>搭接率>扫描速度;随着激光功率、扫描速度、搭接率的增大,合金化层的硬度均呈先增后减的趋势;当激光功率为1.5 kW、扫描速度为500 mm/min、搭接率为40%时,合金化层硬度最高,其厚度为600 μm,组织由针状马氏体、碳化物(M₇C₃、Fe₃C)以及少量残留奥氏体组成,平均硬度约为617 HV0.3,热影响区厚度为400 μm,组织为马氏体以及残留奥氏体,平均硬度约为432 HV0.3,基体组织由铁素体和珠光体组成,硬度约为201 HV0.3;与传统气体渗碳工艺相比,激光碳合金化具有组织细小、高效、绿色环保等优势,是未来一个重要的发展方向。     

预相变马氏体对超级贝氏体钢组织热稳定性的影响

为明确超级贝氏体组织失稳机制以及探索提高超级贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体热稳定性的方法,通过预相变马氏体工艺,即在等温贝氏体相变前引入预相变马氏体,制备了中碳超级贝氏体钢。对比分析了回火前后中碳超级贝氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的变化,研究了预相变马氏体对中碳超级贝氏体钢中贝氏体组织及残余奥氏体热稳定性的影响。结果表明:预相变马氏体的存在能够细化贝氏体铁素体板条,提高残余奥氏体含量和热稳定性。预相变马氏体的引入及其对超级贝氏体组织的细化作用使得试验钢的屈服强度超过1 000 MPa,伸长率大于20%;300~600 ℃回火1 h后,高碳薄膜状残余奥氏体首先发生分解,形成细小的碳化物,然后贝氏体铁素体板条发生回复和再结晶,形成沿原板条方向的铁素体晶粒;600 ℃回火后试验钢的屈服强度仍与回火前相当,主要是预相变马氏体周围的薄膜状残余奥氏体未发生明显分解,能够抑制相邻贝氏体铁素体板条的回复。