基于峭度与小波包络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号具有变频和冲击的特征,采用峭度指标、小波分解和Hilbert包络分析相结合的方法对滚动轴承进行故障分析。首先对运行中的滚动轴承振动信号进行峭度指标分析,进行早期故障判断,进而小波分解消除噪声和干扰信号,再重构能量集中频段的小波信号,最后进行Hilbert包络谱解调分析,得到反映故障特征频率的包络信号。仿真实例表明,该方法可以有效地对滚动轴承进行故障诊断。     

基于小波包能量谱和包络分析细化的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种将小波包能量法和细化包络分析相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用小波包变换将滚动轴承振动信号分解到独立的频段上,计算出不同频率段的能量,根据频段能量的变化情况,确定滚动轴承故障所在频段。重构故障频段信号。然后应用Hilbert变换对重构信号实现包络解调,提取故障特征频率。最后为了进一步提高包络谱的分辨率,采用线性调频Z变换细化频谱。实际的滚动轴承实验数据的处理和分析结果表明,该方法在滚动轴承故障诊断中是有效的。     

基于局部Hilbert边际谱的自动倾斜器轴承故障诊断

针对直升机操纵系统重要承力部件自动倾斜器轴承健康监测与故障诊断的需求,研究相应健康监测技术及其故障诊断方法,从而为直升机结构健康监测状态评估与使用管理提供依据。经验模态分解方法作为一种自适应时频分析方法,非常适用于处理复杂非平稳信号,提出了一种基于局部Hilbert边际谱的直升机自动倾斜器轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先将振动信号进行小波包分解;然后对重构降噪信号采用Hilbert变换进行包络分析得到包络信号;最后对包络信号进行EMD分解,选取有效IMF集计算局部Hilbert边际谱,提取故障特征。在此基础上,构建了某型直升机自动倾斜器故障诊断试验系统。研究表明,该诊断方法合理、可行。     

基于小波相关滤波法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法研究

目前基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究已经很多,但是这些方法对于强噪声背景下的早期故障微弱信号特征提取效果并不理想。为此,提出了适用于强噪声背景的小波相关滤波滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。该方法将小波相关滤波降噪方法和Hilbert包络细化谱分析相结合:对被测信号进行小波相关滤波降噪处理,对降噪处理后的高频段尺度域的小波系数进行Hilbert包络细化谱分析。该方法在滚动轴承的早期故障诊断中的试验结果表明,该方法与直接小波系数包络谱诊断方法相比,较大地增强了对滚动轴承早期故障诊断的能力,在强噪声背景下有效地提取出滚动轴承的早期故障频率。     

基于小波包和细化包络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

滚动轴承故障是旋转机械常见的故障之一,针对传统包络解调分析方法需要人为选定共振频带的缺陷,首先采用小波包变换滤波的方法提取滚动轴承固有频率共振频带的信号,并对提取的信号进行重构,滤除了其他信号的干扰．然后用Hilbert变换检波的方法对提取的重构信号实现包络解调,去除高频固有振动成分,诊断轴承的缺陷信息．为了进一步提高包络谱的分辨率,最后采用快速傅立叶变换-傅立叶级数（FFT—FS）方法细化频谱．并在ADBE-56-N4型交流电机上实测了6350型滚动轴承故障模拟信号,与理论分析基本吻合．     

一种轴承故障诊断的时频综合分析法

针对旋转机械中最常见的滚动轴承问题,提出了一种基于小波包分析和Hilbert包络分析的时频综合分析法对轴承进行故障诊断。首先利用小波包分析将轴承故障信号分解到不同的节点,然后求出各个频带的能量谱,确定故障频带范围并对其进行信号重构,最后采用Hilbert变换对故障频带的重构信号进行包络谱分析,从而诊断出轴承故障。通过对轴承外圈故障信号的分析验证了该方法在轴承故障诊断中的有效性。     

基于形态分量分析和包络谱的轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承出现局部损伤时,其振动信号往往由包含轴承自身振动的谐振分量、包含轴承故障信息的冲击分量及随机噪声分量构成。提出了基于形态分量分析和包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法根据轴承振动信号中各组成成分的形态差异,利用改进的形态分量分析对滚动轴承故障振动信号中的谐振分量、冲击分量和噪声分量进行分离,然后对冲击分量进行Hilbert包络解调分析,根据包络谱诊断滚动轴承故障。算法仿真和应用实例表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征。     

应用小波包和包络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于小波包分析、频带能量分析和包络分析相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先利用小波包将滚动轴承振动信号分解到不同的节点上.然后求出各频率段的能量,根据频带能量的变化情况,找出滚动轴承的故障所在的频带.最后对故障频带的重构信号做包络谱,将谱峰处的频率同滚动轴承的故障特征频率进行对比分析,诊断出滚动轴承的故障.通过对试验中采集到的滚动轴承振动信号进行分析,证明了该方法在滚动轴承故障诊断中的有效性.     

基于LCD和局部Hilbert边际能量谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

在定义局部Hilbert边际能量谱的基础上,提出了一种基于局部特征尺度分解(Local characteristic-scale decomposition,LCD)和局部Hilbert边际能量谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。采用LCD方法对滚动轴承原始振动信号进行分解得到若干内禀尺度分量(Intrinsic scale component,ISC),然后对各个ISC分量进行Hilbert解调得到信号的时频分布。根据信号时频分布中能量分布确定频率段的下限和上限频率,从而得到相应的局部Hilbert边际能量谱,计算该频率段内信号的能量并将其作为故障特征参数。实验分析结果表明,所提出的方法能有效地提取滚动轴承故障特征信息。     

基于小波相关滤波-包络分析的早期故障特征提取方法

噪声是影响齿轮、滚动轴承等机械设备早期故障诊断正确性的主要因素,利用小波相关滤波法的降噪特性,将小波相关滤波降噪方法和Hilbert包络谱分析相结合,提出了小波相关滤波.包络分析的早期故障特征提取新方法,即首先利用小波相关滤波方法作为包络分析的前置处理手段提取振动信号的微弱故障信息特征,以求得信噪比较高的小波系数;然后对高频段尺度域的小波系数进行Hilbert包络细化谱分析,得到早期故障的特征频率.仿真信号和诊断实例分析结果表明,该方法比直接小波系数包络分析法更能有效抑制噪声,凸现早期故障频率.     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS APPROACH FOR ROLLER BEARINGS BASED ON EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION METHOD AND HILBERT TRANSFORM

Based upon empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and Hilbert spectrum, a method for fault diagnosis of roller bearing is proposed. The orthogonal wavelet bases are used to translate vibration signals of a roller bearing into time-scale representation, then, an envelope signal can be obtained by envelope spectrum analysis of wavelet coefficients of high scales. By applying EMD method and Hilbert transform to the envelope signal, we can get the local Hilbert marginal spectrum from which the faults in a roller bearing can be diagnosed and fault patterns can be identified. Practical vibration signals measured from roller bearings with out-race faults or inner-race faults are analyzed by the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional envelope spectrum method in extracting the fault characteristics of roller bearings.     

基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法综合利用了Hermitian小波和包络谱分析技术的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行Hermitian连续小波变换,得到小波分解的实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的多尺度包络谱。对齿轮箱轴承故障振动信号的分析表明,该方法在强噪声环境下能有效识别轴承内圈故障和外圈故障。     

基于小波包和AR谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳性,提出了一种基于小波包和AR谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法对系统输出信号进行小波包分解,然后进行重构,再对重构信号进行AR谱分析,从而提取出故障特征频率.试验结果表明,这种方法能有效地提取滚动轴承的故障特征,诊断其故障.     

基于余弦调频小波变换的滚动轴承故障研究

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点，构造余玄调频小波，采用连续小波变换的方法来提取滚动轴承故障振动信号的特征，在此基础上提出了一种滚动轴承故障诊断方法：时间一小波能量谱自相关分析法。通过对滚动轴承具有缺陷的情况下振动信号的分析，说明时间一小波能量谱自相关分析法不仅能检测到滚动轴承故障的存在，而且能有效地识别滚动轴承的故障模式。     

Wheel-bearing fault diagnosis of trains using empirical wavelet transform

Rolling bearings are used widely as wheel bearing in trains. Fault detection of the wheel-bearing is of great significance to maintain the safety and comfort of train. Vibration signal analysis is the most popular technique that is used for rolling element bearing monitoring, however, the application of vibration signal analysis for wheel bearings is quite limited in practice. In this paper, a novel method called empirical wavelet transform (EWT) is used for the vibration signal analysis and fault diagnosis of wheel-bearing. The EWT method combines the classic wavelet with the empirical mode decomposition, which is suitable for the non-stationary vibration signals. The effectiveness of the method is validated using both simulated signals and the real wheel-bearing vibration signals. The results show that the EWT provides a good performance in the detection of outer race fault, roller fault, and the compound fault of outer race and roller.     

Precise measurement of defect width in tapered roller bearing using vibration signal

The present experimental investigation is focused on establishing a robust signal processing technique to measure the width of the defect present on the outer or inner race of a tapered roller bearing. An experiment has been designed with roller bearings having various widths of seeded faults, on outer and inner races, respectively. The corresponding vibration signals have been investigated with the proposed method. This method initially denoises the vibration signal using un-decimated wavelet transform. The approximation signal has been shown to be effective for further time–frequency analysis using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). It is not only difficult but ambiguous as well to detect the entry and the exit points of the defect. The ambiguity gets reduced by using Symlet wavelet due to its linear phase nature which maintains sharpness in the signal even when there is a sudden change in signal. In the first phase of the measurement, the scalogram generated from CWT is used to measure the time duration that the roller takes to roll over the defect. However, measurement process is dramatically enhanced with the proposed ridge spectrum, which is generated from the CWT scalogram. The vertical strips drawn on the ridge spectrum corroborates well with defect width. Summarizing, the proposed method can be reckoned suitable and reliable in measuring bearing defect width in real-time from vibration signal.     

起重机用滚动轴承有限元分析及故障检测

针对起重机用滚动轴承故障率高且难以检测的问题,首先采用Ansys软件对起重机用滚动轴承进行基于实际接触状态的有限元分析,然后采用基于小波包能量法和Hilbert变换方法对滚动轴承进行信号处理、分析以及故障检测。结果表明:滚动轴承的滚动体与内外圈接触部位存在较大应力集中,最易在此处首先发生破坏;根据轴承故障特征频率与内圈、外圈、滚动体三种故障类型所对应的频谱特征和能量谱相比较,可有效判断轴承故障类型。研究所采用的检测方法可为起重机用滚动轴承的故障预防和检测提供一定理论依据和指导作用。     

A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on IMF envelope spectrum and SVM

Targeting the modulation characteristics of roller bearing fault vibration signals, a method of fault feature extraction based on intrinsic mode function (IMF) envelope spectrum is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional envelope analysis method. By utilizing the proposed feature extraction method, the disadvantages of conventional envelope analysis method such as the chosen of central frequency of filter with experience in advance, looking for spectral line of fault characteristic frequencies in envelope spectrum and so on could be overcome. Firstly, the original modulation signals are decomposed into a number of IMFs by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. Secondly, the ratios of amplitudes at the different fault characteristic frequencies in the envelope spectra of some IMFs that include dominant fault information are defined as the characteristic amplitude ratios. Finally, the characteristic amplitude ratios serve as the fault characteristic vectors to be input to the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers and the work condition and fault patterns of the roller bearings are identified. Since the recognition results are available directly from the output of the SVM classifiers, the proposed diagnosis method provides the possibility to fulfill the automatic recognition to machinery faults.     

基于EMD的轴承故障包络谱分析

首先对滚动轴承振动信号进行经验模态分解;然后对分解后包含故障特征信息的本征模函数做Hilbert包络谱分析,在得到的包络谱中,清晰显示出故障特征信号的包络谱.试验结果表明,通过联合经验模态分解和Hilbert包络谱分析,能有效地提取出滚动轴承信号的故障信息,进而判定出轴承的损伤部位.