New demulsifiers for petroleum preparation processes

In preparing crude oil for refining, demulsifiers play a large role in improving the quality of petroleum products and conversion to a zero-waste system of water use in refineries (RF) [1, 2]. They are widely used in preparation of crudes in refineries and in exhaustive desalting in RF electric desalting units (EDU) [3 – 6]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 25 – 27, March — April, 2000.     

Heteroatomic compounds in resinous and low-resin West Siberian crude oils

The distribution and composition of low-molecular-weight heteroatomic components in West Siberian crudes with different resin and asphaltene contents were investigated. Resinous crudes contain more low-molecular-weight sulfur and nitrogen compounds than low-resin crudes. The qualitative composition of these compounds is not a function of the resin content of the crudes. Differences were also observed in the distribution of the individual structures. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 38–41, July–August, 2006.     

Effect of nonionogenic surfactants and a magnetic field on the rheological properties of highly viscous crude oils

The rheological properties of crudes from the Mordovo-Karmaly and Mortukovsk fields were investigated at 10–70°C in the presence of surfactants (SF) and in a magnetic field. The maximum decrease in the characteristics was attained in UHF treatment for the Mortukovsk crude and on addition of IPG-12 activating additive for the Mordovo-Karmaly crude. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 31–33, May–June, 2008.     

Effect of shock-wave processes on the physicochemical properties of crude oil

The effect of a shock wave on the physicochemical properties of crude oils was experimentally studied. The complicated character of this effect on complex organic compounds was demonstrated. The rheological properties and group composition of the crudes were changed by the shock wave. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 34–35, January–February, 2007.     

The carcinogenicity of wood tars

In 1932–1933 when chemical carcinogens—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)—first began to be manufactured, studies were begun concerning their separation from coal tar [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2000.     

Petroleum Binder — A Foundry Binder for Production of Molds and Rods

A new petroleum product — foundry binder — which has been successfully tested in pilot-industrial conditions and is recommended for industrial production, was obtained from asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid using a narrow naphtha cut as diluent. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 2005.     

Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

Deoiling of slack waxes using a pulsed crystallizer

A process was developed for deoiling of slack waxes with a pulsed crystallizer which proposes totally eliminating scraper crystallizers — regenerative and evaporative — from the process scheme. Exhaustively deoiled waxes are obtained with significantly simplified implementation of the process and reduced operating costs. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8–9, September–October, 2008.     

Petroleum impregnating and protective materials for railroad cross ties

Almost all wood materials — for construction and repair of railroads, for the mining industry, for telephone and electric power poles — must be protected from rotting, that is preserved to increase the lifetime. The Russian economy is suffering enormous material losses because of the insufficiently serious attitude toward this problem. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8 – 9, September – October, 1999.     

An antiknock additive of the new generation

An antiknock additive which is a mixture of an aromatic amine, an antioxidant, the straight-run naphtha cut of naphthene-aromatic base crude oil, and chloro-and isoparaffins, is proposed. The additive is given antiknock activity by passing it through a catalyst — manganese — at the boiling point and atmospheric pressure. In a concentration of 0.03–0.2 wt. %, the additive increases the motor octane number of low-octane motor fuels by 5–14 points. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 17–19, January–February, 2008.     

Experience in Revamping an Elemental Sulfur Production Unit

Refining of heavy crudes and to an even greater degree, stiffening of the environmental requirements for the sulfur content in petroleum products and sulfur compounds in gaseous emissions into the atmosphere make the problem of process and technical improvement in active elemental sulfur production units (ESU) in oil refineries very pressing. These units are in the first 10 of the 30 environmentally most hazardous basic processes in refining of hydrocarbon feedstock [1]. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 27 – 31, September – October, 2005.     

A device for fast quality control of oils

The results of fast quality control of oils by nonstandard methods are reported. The possibility of developing methods of determining the basic indexes of oils — the dielectric loss tangent, the base number based on the measured dielectric constant, and the resistivity — is examined. Motor oils from different manufacturers have different dielectric constants, which allows identifying the manufacturing company. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 46–48, September–October, 2007.     

Motor oil for heavily loaded diesel engineering

A new motor oil — AZMOL GARANT M-4042 VT — was developed for two-and four-cycle heavy-duty, heavily loaded diesel engines. A distinctive feature of this oil is the complex zinc-and barium-containing additives of the dithiophosphate type it contains — MASMA-1606, which ensured high lubricant and antioxidant properties. The oil was approved for production and use after testing with positive results. Ukraine specifications were developed for the oil: TU U 23.2-00152365-229:2006. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 26–28, May–June, 2008.     

Explaining the mechanism of electrochemical processing of some organic wastes

The process of electrochemical treatment of acid tars — wastes from sulfuric-acid treatment of white oils — was theoretically substantiated. Its commonality with processing wastes in the form of unsaturated hydrocarbons in electric ionization of π-bonds and their chemical saturation was noted. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, p. 51, January–February, 2008.     

Formation of sediment in used industrial oil. Effect of temperature and solvent

Precipitation of sediment caused by external factors — temperature and solvent — is due to the spin nature of the contaminants formed during use of the oil. These paramagnetic contaminants also lead to aging of oils. Their total elimination restores the properties of used oil to the level of the base oil, but requires sufficient energy effects. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 29–31, January–February, 2006.     

Conversions of hydrocarbons on ACM catalyst at atmospheric pressure

Aluminum—cobalt—molybdenum catalyst (ACMC) is used for hydrotreating platforming feedstock. Due to the tendency toward gradual replacement of this catalyst by more efficient aluminum—nickel—molybdenum catalyst, the problem of use of ACMC can arise. As demonstrated here, it can be used in reforming of naphtha cuts of gas condensates at atmospheric pressure in small units directly in the fields. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 39 – 41, July – August, 2000.     

Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G₂k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec⁻¹, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 32–35, September–October, 2008.     

Membrane technology for processing of acid tars

A process for processing acid tars using membrane technology is proposed. Petroleum products are obtained as a result — lube oil, resin, solid fuel. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 46–47, November–December, 2007.     

Mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high-viscosity, high-sulfur crude oil

The possibility of increasing the light cut content during mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high— viscosity, high—sulfur crude oil was investigated. The new technology allows attaining a greater than 60 wt. % yield of motor fuels due to decomposition of resins and asphaltenes without expensive catalysts. The <350°C cut obtained can be used without hydrotreating for synthesis of environmentally safe motor fuels. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 10–11, January–February, 2006.     

Production of base oils from high-sulfur tatar crude oils

The following sequence of processing lube distillates from atmospheric-vacuum tubestill (AVT) units are most commonly used for production of base oils: selective treatment — dewaxing — hydrotreating. As a result of hydrotreating, sulfur and tars are removed from the intermediate product, the carbon residue decreases, and the color improves. This final stage frequently determines the quality of base oils. However, its role in obtaining the required quality is usually small, since the basic indexes are formed in the preceding stages. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 1999.