Kazakhstan crude oils as sources of feedstock for asphalt production

The results of a study of the physicochemical properties of West Kazakhstan crudes — from the Karaturun, Karsak, and Kara-Arna fields — are reported. The possibility of using these crudes for asphalt production is demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 34–36, May–June, 2008.     

The carcinogenicity of wood tars

In 1932–1933 when chemical carcinogens—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)—first began to be manufactured, studies were begun concerning their separation from coal tar [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2000.     

Petroleum Binder — A Foundry Binder for Production of Molds and Rods

A new petroleum product — foundry binder — which has been successfully tested in pilot-industrial conditions and is recommended for industrial production, was obtained from asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid using a narrow naphtha cut as diluent. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 2005.     

Conversions of hydrocarbons on ACM catalyst at atmospheric pressure

Aluminum—cobalt—molybdenum catalyst (ACMC) is used for hydrotreating platforming feedstock. Due to the tendency toward gradual replacement of this catalyst by more efficient aluminum—nickel—molybdenum catalyst, the problem of use of ACMC can arise. As demonstrated here, it can be used in reforming of naphtha cuts of gas condensates at atmospheric pressure in small units directly in the fields. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 39 – 41, July – August, 2000.     

Motor oil for heavily loaded diesel engineering

A new motor oil — AZMOL GARANT M-4042 VT — was developed for two-and four-cycle heavy-duty, heavily loaded diesel engines. A distinctive feature of this oil is the complex zinc-and barium-containing additives of the dithiophosphate type it contains — MASMA-1606, which ensured high lubricant and antioxidant properties. The oil was approved for production and use after testing with positive results. Ukraine specifications were developed for the oil: TU U 23.2-00152365-229:2006. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 26–28, May–June, 2008.     

Deoiling of slack waxes using a pulsed crystallizer

A process was developed for deoiling of slack waxes with a pulsed crystallizer which proposes totally eliminating scraper crystallizers — regenerative and evaporative — from the process scheme. Exhaustively deoiled waxes are obtained with significantly simplified implementation of the process and reduced operating costs. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8–9, September–October, 2008.     

Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

An antiknock additive of the new generation

An antiknock additive which is a mixture of an aromatic amine, an antioxidant, the straight-run naphtha cut of naphthene-aromatic base crude oil, and chloro-and isoparaffins, is proposed. The additive is given antiknock activity by passing it through a catalyst — manganese — at the boiling point and atmospheric pressure. In a concentration of 0.03–0.2 wt. %, the additive increases the motor octane number of low-octane motor fuels by 5–14 points. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 17–19, January–February, 2008.     

Formation of sediment in used industrial oil. Effect of temperature and solvent

Precipitation of sediment caused by external factors — temperature and solvent — is due to the spin nature of the contaminants formed during use of the oil. These paramagnetic contaminants also lead to aging of oils. Their total elimination restores the properties of used oil to the level of the base oil, but requires sufficient energy effects. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 29–31, January–February, 2006.     

Membrane technology for processing of acid tars

A process for processing acid tars using membrane technology is proposed. Petroleum products are obtained as a result — lube oil, resin, solid fuel. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 46–47, November–December, 2007.     

Effect of the disperse phase on high-temperature oxidation of motor oils

Dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Gennadievich Gorodetskii — friend and associate who totally shared my views. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 30 – 31, November – December, 1999.     

A device for fast quality control of oils

The results of fast quality control of oils by nonstandard methods are reported. The possibility of developing methods of determining the basic indexes of oils — the dielectric loss tangent, the base number based on the measured dielectric constant, and the resistivity — is examined. Motor oils from different manufacturers have different dielectric constants, which allows identifying the manufacturing company. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 46–48, September–October, 2007.     

Kinetic aspects of deactivation of catalysts in prolonged use

A theoretical approach to the dynamic analysis of deactivation and aging of heterogeneous catalysts is proposed — analysis of the rate derivative in a kinetic equation of a given form. Methodology was demonstrated for the simplest kinetic equations — zero-and first-order. Regardless of the form of the kinetic equation for the dynamic model of deactivation, the rate constant is a function of an independent reaction coordinate. The method can also be used for solving reactivation problems and for explaining the dynamics of cation exchange in zeolite. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 3–34, January–February, 2006.     

Production of base oils from high-sulfur tatar crude oils

The following sequence of processing lube distillates from atmospheric-vacuum tubestill (AVT) units are most commonly used for production of base oils: selective treatment — dewaxing — hydrotreating. As a result of hydrotreating, sulfur and tars are removed from the intermediate product, the carbon residue decreases, and the color improves. This final stage frequently determines the quality of base oils. However, its role in obtaining the required quality is usually small, since the basic indexes are formed in the preceding stages. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 1999.     

Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G₂k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec⁻¹, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 32–35, September–October, 2008.     

Mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high-viscosity, high-sulfur crude oil

The possibility of increasing the light cut content during mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high— viscosity, high—sulfur crude oil was investigated. The new technology allows attaining a greater than 60 wt. % yield of motor fuels due to decomposition of resins and asphaltenes without expensive catalysts. The <350°C cut obtained can be used without hydrotreating for synthesis of environmentally safe motor fuels. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 10–11, January–February, 2006.     

Effect of nanovolumes of additives on the properties of motor oils. Theoretical principles

A method is proposed for scattered light correlation spectroscopy for objective evaluation of the effect of water, oxidation products, and particulate contaminants on the size of colloidal formations in petroleum oils with additives. It was shown that to increase the colloidal stability — resistance to separation of oils with additives — and correspondingly improve their performance properties, it is necessary to take into account the intermolecular interactions of the additives in composites and to ensure the minimum change in them under the effect of external factors. The mechanism of the reaction of the additives and their selection for ensuring the assigned performance properties of lube oils is theoretically substantiated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 43–45, May–June, 2008.     

Explaining the mechanism of electrochemical processing of some organic wastes

The process of electrochemical treatment of acid tars — wastes from sulfuric-acid treatment of white oils — was theoretically substantiated. Its commonality with processing wastes in the form of unsaturated hydrocarbons in electric ionization of π-bonds and their chemical saturation was noted. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, p. 51, January–February, 2008.     

In the interdepartmental committee on approval and use of fuels, oils, and special fluids

An article by N. A. Usakova, N. N. Grishin, and V. A. Okruzhinov entitled “State testing, certification, and standardization of new fuels and oils” was published in issue No. 2 of the journal in the “Current Problems” section; it discussed problems and achievements in quality control of petroleum products — fuel and lube materials and special fluids from the stage of development to the final stage — organization of industrial production. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 10 – 11, September – October, 1999.     

Physicochemical principles of preparation of emulsion fuels

The basic physicochemical principles of preparation of emulsion fuel compositions based on heavy and extra-heavy crude cuts were analyzed with consideration of the nature and content of the phases constituting the emulsion, type of chemical additives — emulsifiers and stabilizers, and type of equipment for production of emulsion fuels. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 51–56, September–October, 2007.