表面强化对A-100钢带孔构件疲劳性能的影响

对超高强度钢A-100带孔构件进行喷丸和孔挤压等表面强化处理,对比在相同试验条件下的疲劳性能,计算分析表面强化延寿增长系数和疲劳极限的提高幅度,获得了超高强度钢A-100带孔构件疲劳的应力集中特性与表面强化改性效果。结果表明,A-100超高强度钢具有很高的应力集中敏感性;表面强化可显著延长带孔构件的疲劳寿命和提高其疲劳极限,表面强化效果主要取决于表面强化层内的残余压应力;疲劳断口分析表明表面强化构件的疲劳源不再位于孔边而是在孔边与内部的过渡部位。由于孔挤压强化在引入较深残余压应力的同时还可以改善孔边的粗糙度,因此其强化效果优于喷丸强化。喷丸和挤压分别使疲劳极限提高了35%和38%,有效缓解了孔边应力集中对疲劳性能的不利影响。     

弯扭复合变形整体壁板喷丸成形工艺研究

为了获得实用的机翼整体壁板喷丸成形工艺数据,建立了喷丸成形板件的弯曲半径、弦向型面波浪度和展向母线直线度与成形工艺参数之间的关系,分析了弹丸速度、喷丸条带间距、试件厚度、施加的预应力等主要工艺参数对具有弯扭复合变形的整体壁板零件喷丸成形的影响规律;针对喷丸成形的球面变形现象,介绍了几种克服这一问题的技术措施,如条带喷丸、预应力喷丸等.研究表明,改变喷丸条带的间距及毛坯板料的厚度对试件弦向型面波浪度及展向母线直线度的影响效果相反;提高弹丸速度将增加喷丸成形的曲率,但在较高转速下提高叶轮转速对增加试件的变形程度影响不大;预应力喷丸成形方式是增加壁板弦向弯曲曲率及改善展向母线直线度的有效措施.     

网孔板渐进成形的性能研究

基于实验和数值模拟,对网孔板的成形极限角和变形机理进行了初步研究。通过改变锥台形件模型的成形角,应用逼近法测得了孔距为5,8和11 mm网孔板的成形极限角。采用相同的模型对各网孔板进行成形,发现网孔由圆形变为近似椭圆形,且椭圆的尺寸随着孔距增加而增加。为分析网孔距离对板料厚度和应变分布的影响,采用ABAQUS/explicit对网孔板渐进成形过程进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明椭圆孔短轴两侧的板料变形剧烈、厚度最薄,其变形方式为拉伸变形。而远离网孔的板料变形较小、厚度较大,其变形方式为近似剪切变形。通过对比实验验证了数值模拟结果的准确性,二者板厚的相对误差低于5%。     

激光冲击悬臂薄板变形的理论分析和实验研究

目的激光喷丸技术是一种利用激光诱导等离子体冲击波产生的力学效应来改善材料的机械性能的表面强化技术,但是在激光喷丸过程中,由于高压冲击波的作用会使薄壁件发生宏观变形,造成零件失效,为了控制激光冲击板料宏观变形过程,因此有必要对激光冲击下板料的力学变形特性进行研究。方法通过对激光冲击载荷作用下悬臂板变形过程的理论分析,建立了板料在激光冲击下的受力变形模型,对激光作用下板料的变形量公式进行了理论推导计算,研究了板料变形量与板料厚度、激光能量等之间的相互关系,并通过单点冲击与多点搭接冲击实验和有限元分析相结合的方式验证了理论公式的准确性。结果依据所建立的板料变形理论计算得到的理论值、实验值和有限元分析结果都较为接近,其中板料变形量对厚度的变化十分敏感,在设定条件下,当板材厚度大于3 mm时,板材变形很小,几乎不产生明显的变形。结论板料变形量随着激光能量和光斑数量的增大而增大,板材的厚度对变形量的影响很大,是设计激光喷丸参数时必须考虑的要素。     

有模单点渐进成形工艺参数对1060铝合金成形性能的影响

为了研究各工艺参数对有模单点渐进成形直壁筒形件成形性能的影响,采用正交实验法,对层间距、工具头半径、进给速度和成形道次4个工艺参数进行优化设计,对板料变形区厚度进行仿真研究,并通过极差分析,得出各工艺参数对成形后板料最小厚度的影响。研究结果表明:各工艺参数中,成形道次数对板料成形最小厚度影响最大,工具头半径影响最小;对1 mm厚的1060铝合金板进行优化后,最小成形厚度为0.389 mm,比2道次成形后的最小厚度0.242 mm提高了60%。因此,在有模单点渐进成形直壁筒形件过程中,成形时间允许时,可适当增加成形道次,提高成形质量。     

长深孔、弯曲类零件内孔喷丸强化技术

以生产实际需求为导向,研制一套新型的柔性内孔喷丸装置。对柔性喷嘴喷丸参数进行优化,以解决传统的长深孔、弯曲类零件内孔喷丸工艺存在的强度失稳、弯曲角度区域覆盖率不高的问题,保证长深孔弯曲类零件的内壁喷丸质量。利用该装置对内径15 mm,弯曲角度130°,孔径比为0.01的零件内孔进行喷丸,饱和点喷丸强度为0.381 mm A,覆盖率达到100%,满足技术要求。     

孔边距特小零件的冲孔

<正> 由冲压工艺学知道,在弯曲有孔毛坯时,孔边距L(如图1)一般取: L≥t,当t<2mm时; L≥2t,当t≥2mm时。     

相同喷丸强度条件下喷丸强化效果的数值模拟研究

目的优化喷丸工艺参数的匹配方式,进一步提升喷丸强化效果。方法采用预定义场和基于移动矢量的快速建模方法,实现了受喷构件表面100%表面覆盖率的喷丸模拟,并借助三维喷丸有限元模型研究了不同喷丸工艺参数匹配方式对受喷构件表面粗糙度、弹丸撞击时的能量转变方式的影响。结果当喷丸强度均为0.35 mmN时,四种喷丸工艺参数匹配方式对应的表面粗糙度分别为3.156、2.760、2.249、2.081μm,应力集中系数分别为1.205、1.142、1.103、1.071,动能消耗率分别为89.94%、85.53%、82.86%、80.04%,应变能转化率分别为7.99%、9.67%、11.82%、14.29%。结论与其他喷丸工艺参数匹配方式相比,所用喷丸工艺参数中弹丸直径愈大、喷射速度愈低,对应受喷构件表面粗糙度和应力集中系数愈小,有利于降低喷丸强化效果的削弱程度。在弹丸撞击初始动能大致相当的情况下,尽管"大弹丸直径+低喷射速度"参数条件下对应的动能消耗率较低,但应变能转化率较高,撞击过程中摩擦耗散能较少,有利于大塑性应变和残余压应力的产生,可获得较好的喷丸强化效果。     

基于均匀设计的喷丸指标响应面模型建立及应用

针对2024-T351铝合金试验件,利用直径Φ3. 18 mm大尺寸弹丸,选取喷丸气压、进给速度及弹丸流量3个重要喷丸工艺参数,通过设计均匀试验并运用MATLAB软件对喷丸试验结果进行逐步回归分析,建立弹坑直径、弹丸速度和覆盖率3项喷丸指标与喷丸工艺参数间的二阶响应面模型。利用该模型并结合多弹丸撞击有限元模型获得相应喷丸工艺参数下的平均诱导应力场,从而实现喷丸成形应力场法数值模拟。模拟变形结果与试验变形结果对比表明模拟值均小于相应试验值,最大误差14. 8%,平均误差9%,二者符合较好,表明基于喷丸指标响应面模型的应力场法数值模拟方法完全可以应用于喷丸成形数值模拟分析。     

大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形7B50铝合金材料的变形规律

大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形是一种针对大型整体壁板塑性成形的有效手段。采用正交试验方法对7B50铝合金平板试件开展大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形工艺试验,研究不同工艺参数下喷丸后试件沿弦向和展向曲率半径的变化规律。结果表明:试件在喷丸成形后呈球面凸起变形,且沿弦向的曲率半径小于沿展向的曲率半径;各因素按对曲率半径的影响程度排序依次为喷丸气压>试件厚度>移动速度;曲率半径随着厚度和移动速度的增加而增加,随着喷丸气压的增加而减小;建立了可以反映曲率半径与3个因素之间定量关系的回归方程,可为今后喷丸成形的变形预测提供参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.