硫化氢废气处理新方法研究

酸性铁盐溶液氧化脱H2S是目前世界上比较先进的技术，其具有反应速度快、副反应少、硫磺回收率高和回收剂价格便宜等优点，是目前很有发展前途的H2S脱除方法。主要通过对该方法的原理及影响因素进行分析和研究，提出了最佳的工艺条件：酸性吸收液Fe^3＋浓度〉0．5mol／L，吸收温度60℃，吸收液高度1m，气嘴直径0．05mm，使废气H2S脱除率达99％以上，用于吸收镓生产尾气完全可以实现达标排放。工艺简单，消耗组分价格低廉，具有一定的应用价值。     

含H2S酸性气体处理新工艺过程研究

由化学吸收过程和电解反应过程构成的双反应工艺过程,处理炼油厂或油田含H2S酸性气体.在化学吸收过程中,H2S被氧化成固体硫磺;在电解反应过程中,由H2S生成的H 被还原成H2.现场放大实验结果表明,该工艺过程是可行的.在适宜的操作条件下,H2S的吸收率可达到99%以上,制得的硫磺纯度高于99.8%.对于化学吸收过程,适宜的操作条件为:吸收剂中含Fe3 浓度大于2.5mol/L,操作温度为60℃,液气比1.5～3.0.     

含H2S酸性气体处理新工艺过程研究

由化学吸收过程和电解反应过程构成的双反应工艺过程,处理炼油厂或油田含H2S酸性气体.在化学吸收过程中,H2S被氧化成固体硫磺;在电解反应过程中,由H2S生成的H+被还原成H2.现场放大实验结果表明,该工艺过程是可行的.在适宜的操作条件下,H2S的吸收率可达到99%以上,制得的硫磺纯度高于99.8%.对于化学吸收过程,适宜的操作条件为吸收剂中含Fe3+浓度大于2.5mol/L,操作温度为60℃,液气比1.5～3.0.     

海水介质下铁基液相催化氧化法脱除硫化氢的实验研究

以天然碱性海水为反应介质,采用Fe基液相催化氧化法,针对质量浓度为10g/m3左右H2S的气体进行了模拟海上钻井平台脱除H2S的实验研究。主要考察了配方溶液、空气过剩因子(ε)、温度、溶液初始pH等工艺参数对脱硫效果的影响,并对反应产生的固体物含水硫磺进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)表征。通过分析实验结果确定了最佳催化氧化脱除H2S的条件。并发现了产生的固体物质大颗粒硫磺,易于固液分离。     

柠檬酸铁处理高浓度硫化氢炼厂酸性气的研究

通过选择柠檬酸配位剂和其它助剂，研究柠檬酸铁处理高浓度硫化氢炼厂酸性气体。实验分别考察了吸收剂Fe（Ⅲ）L浓度、溶液pH值、操作温度、硫化氢气体流量及传质方式对硫化氢吸收率的影响．确定柠檬酸铁脱硫体系适宜的反应条件。推荐最佳工艺参数为：柠檬酸铁浓度为0．6mol／L、pH8．5～9．0、操作温度40℃、配备合适的分布器、硫化氧气体流量以低于0．12m^3／h为宜。在最佳条件下H2S脱除率100％，反应中生成的硫磺可以通过过滤的方法除去。实验结果表明。利用柠檬酸铁处理含高浓度H2S的炼厂酸性气体具有工艺简单、脱除效率高、投资少、运行费用低等特点。     

络合铁脱硫技术的开发与应用

络合铁脱硫技术是一种以铁为催化剂的湿式氧化还原脱除硫化物的方法，它的特点是一步将H2S转变成元素S，H2S的脱除率达99％以上。它适用于H2S浓度较低或H2S浓度较高但气体流量不大的场合。在硫产量小于20t／d时，该工艺的设备投资和操作费用具有明显优势，更重要的优点是该工艺在脱除硫化物过程中，     

超重力湿式氧化法脱除焦炉煤气中硫化氢

以H2S、CO2和空气模拟焦炉煤气,以超重机为脱硫设备,采用湿式氧化法脱除焦炉煤气中的H2S,研究了超重力因子、液气比、气液接触时间、原料气中H2S含量等工艺参数对脱硫率的影响规律,结果表明：脱硫效率随着超重力因子、液气比、气液接触时间和原料气中H2S浓度的增大而增大。确定了适宜的工艺参数,在气液接触时间为0.15 s的条件下,获得了98%以上的脱硫效率,CO2的脱除率稳定在1.0%左右,超重力法脱硫技术实现了高效、快速脱硫。在生产现场建成了处理气量为10000 m3/h的工程化超重力湿式氧化法脱硫装置,运行结果显示：超重力湿式氧化法脱除焦炉煤气中H2S技术具有脱硫效率高、气液接触时间短、操作弹性大、设备体积小等优点,H2S脱除率可稳定在90%以上,应用前景广阔。     

臭氧氧化结合硫代硫酸钠溶液喷淋同时脱硫脱硝

采用臭氧氧化结合湿法喷淋硫代硫酸钠溶液的方法开展模拟烟气同时脱硫脱硝实验研究。结果表明,采用臭氧氧化结合Na2S2O3-Na OH溶液湿法喷淋可以实现NOx和SO_2协同脱除:在O_3/NO摩尔比为1.1~1.2时,溶液中Na2S2O3浓度的增加会提高系统的NO_x脱除效率,烟气中SO2的存在会促进NOx的脱除,当SO2浓度为1030mg·m~(-3)、2.0%Na_2S_2O_3溶液作为喷淋液时可实现较高的SO_2脱除效率,同时NO_x脱除效率可达70%以上;喷淋液p H在2.5~9范围内变化时提高浆液p H有利于NOx的脱除,当p H=9时脱硝效率可达75%。180 min连续同时脱硫脱硝实验结果表明,硫代硫酸钠可有效促进NOx的脱除,并实现SO2较高的脱除效率,同时可实现系统同时脱硫脱硝连续稳定运行,喷淋吸收后烟气中NO_x的主要转化产物为NO~-_2,该方法作为一种有效的同时脱硫脱硝技术,具有一定的工业应用推广前景。     

以RTS为催化剂的湿法氧化脱硫技术

介绍了以RTS为催化剂的湿法氧化脱硫技术和实际运行效果。RTS催化剂脱硫效率高,不仅能脱除无机硫,还能脱除部分有机硫,析出的硫磺颗粒大且均匀。实践证明,该脱硫工艺运行与脱硫效果稳定,净化气中H2S含量为10-20mg／m^3。可满足使用高硫煤的脱硫需要。     

微生物培养液脱H2S及副产物的性质

以氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养液和酸性Fe2（SO4）3溶液为吸收剂，采用优化的工艺条件进行了H2S的脱除实验，并对微生物培养液脱H2S后的副产物硫磺的相关性质进行了测定分析，以期为工业应用中硫磺回收工艺的设计提供参考。实验结果表明：采用微生物培养液脱H2S比单纯使用酸性Fe2（SO4）3溶液的效果好，反应进行45 min后，脱硫率仍可保持在90%以上；微生物培养液脱H2S后的副产物硫磺颗粒不溶于水，微溶于乙醇，完全溶于二硫化碳和四氯化碳，密度为1. 90 g·cm-3，熔点为121℃；该颗粒为不规则球形，在溶液中极易发生团聚现象，加入分散剂后测得平均粒径为5. 09 μm；该副产物硫磺具有亲水性，在工业应用上优于具有疏水性的升华硫和酸性Fe2（SO4）3溶液脱H2S产生的硫；该副产物硫颗粒在溶液中的沉降速度为0. 125×10-2 m·s-1。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.