一种微管单点成形有限元分析及成形机关键零部件承载分析

目的 为进一步扩展渐进成形技术在管件成形加工方面的应用,提高微管的成形复杂度、缩短加工时间,设计一款微管渐进成形机,对关键零部件承载及管件单点成形进行有限元分析.方法 通过对管件渐进成形机中关键零部件的静力学分析,根据有限元软件得到的仿真数据,对渐进成形机关键零部件进行尺寸修正和强度校核.结果 在管件的渐进成形加工中扩径20％的情况下管件壁厚平均减薄率为7.7％,管件渐进成形机的最大工作半径为83 mm.结论 管件成形机可达到设计要求,通过对管件加工工具的结构进行设计和优化,在保证零件强度的同时提高管件的扩径范围,在提高管件加工速度和可加工复杂度的同时降低减薄率.     

电磁缩径中集磁器参数和铝合金管件参数对变形的影响

管件电磁缩径是高端智能制造的一个新方向，缩径成形质量好坏主要与集磁器线圈参数、管件自身参数和放电能量大小有关，研究集磁器和管件工艺参数对电磁力和成形性能的影响尤为重要。针对3003和6063铝合金管件，本文结合实验研究和数值仿真方法，讨论了集磁器结构和管件参数等对电磁力的影响，研究了放电电压、管件金属材料类型、管件长度对最终管件成形的影响规律，并探究了影响管件成形均匀性的原因，可为合理制定管件电磁成形工艺方案提供一定技术参考。研究结果表明：集磁器内斜面角度变化对磁场力有明显影响，且角度为40°比较合理；3003铝合金管成形性较好，最大缩径率31.2%，塑性变形影响区域长度7.0 mm～15.5 mm，在5000 V～6000 V放电电压时成形均匀度φ≦18%，但是放电电压达到6500 V时出现失稳现象；6063铝合金管强度较高，最大缩径率16.2%，塑性变形影响区域长度5.3 mm～9.4 mm，管件变形均匀φ<14%。     

平面变曲率管件成形工艺获取策略研究

目的 获取平面管件在弯曲成形过程中的初始工艺参数。方法 基于平面圆弧管件弯曲成形原理,将成形管件划分为稳定段和过渡段。针对稳定段,分析了平面圆弧管件的弯曲半径与弯曲模偏移量之间的映射关系,并通过二次曲线拟合得到非线性方程,以方便预测管件稳定区的成形工艺参数;针对过渡段,通过分析不同时间内不同模式下弯曲模偏移量对整体管件成形的影响,以确定最佳过渡方式。基于管件成形工艺知识库,提出了平面管件弯曲成形工艺参数的规划与预测方法,并通过成形实例管件进行了验证。结果 整个管件的逼近残差为0.230 1 mm,最大偏差为0.390 7 mm,逼近残差和最大偏差与管件总长度的比值分别为0.127 4%和0.216 2%。结论 所提出的方法可以有效获取平面变曲率管件的成形工艺参数。     

Al6063管件外增量成形工艺研究

目的 研究6063铝合金管件外增量成形过程,分析管件的成形效果,改进管件成形质量。方法 设置3组目标成形管件,使用Abaqus软件进行成形过程的数值模拟,通过考察成形管件的几何精度、壁厚分布、表面质量、成形力,分析成形质量和可能出现的问题。通过使用长120 mm、直径50 mm、壁厚1.5 mm的Al6063铝管进行管件外增量成形实验,验证数值模拟结果的可靠性。结果 成形管件会发生管端变形现象,具体表现为管端不圆与轴向伸长,成形件管端椭圆度为10.11%,管端变形程度与成形道次成正比,且在距离管端越近的成形区域,管端变形越明显。管壁成形区厚度增大并呈现不均匀分布。成形件管壁直线度偏差为0.34,且表面质量与径向进给量和轴向进给速度成反比,管件的圆角尺寸难以严格控制。径向力是成形过程中主要的成形力,其大小与工具头直径成正比。结论 管件外增量成形原理可靠,基于此能够实现多种目标管件的成形。由于成形原理的限制,成形件的成形质量还有很大的提升空间,合理制定工艺参数对提高成形质量十分重要。     

基于扭矩控制的导管内径滚压连接成形特征分析

钛合金导管内径滚压连接技术主要用于飞机液压管路系统中,具有耐高压和高密封性,能够提升飞机液压管路系统的高可靠性能,满足飞机轻量化和长寿命的需求,成为航空管件连接技术的首选方案.本文以理论分析、有限元模拟和试验相结合的方法,从导管滚压连接胀形器各组件的运动状态、接触状况、受力分析以及管材节点位移变化等方面,探讨了基于扭矩控制的导管内径滚压连接成形机理及特征.研究表明,成形过程中芯轴主动转动,滚柱带动保持架周向随动转动;芯轴与滚柱之间有较大的径向挤压力和切向摩擦力,在这两个力的合力作用下,产生轴向进给力,使芯轴自动进给,导管、滚柱和芯轴之间接触面和接触力逐渐增大,成形扭矩随之增加,导管材料逐渐嵌入管套凹槽,完成连接成形,这是扭矩控制的导管内径滚压连接机理所在.理论分析与有限元模拟及试验结论吻合较好,研究结果对工程应用中的质量控制和工艺优化具有一定的指导作用.     

管件长度对电磁成形线圈放电电流的影响

为研究电磁成形过程线圈放电电流的变化规律,在放电回路分析的基础上,采用试验分析与代数解析相结合的方法研究了管件长度对线圈放电电流的影响.试验结果表明:随着管件长度的增加,线圈放电电流的幅值和频率均增加.通过解析方法定性分析管件长度对线圈放电电流的影响,其结果与试验结果一致.管件长度不同时,放电回路的等效电感不同,管件长度与等效电感成反比.将管件和成形线圈等效为圆柱线圈可定性分析电磁成形系统的电感和互感.     

加载路径对内高压成形件壁厚分布影响分析

研究了两端非对称管件内高压成形改善壁厚均匀性的方法,采用数值模拟和试验研究对管件内高压成形进行了非对称加载路径和预成形的优化,获得了工件变形过程及厚度分布变化,并分析了加载路径对壁厚均匀性的影响.研究表明:采用优化的加载路径和预成形,补料和内压的良好匹配改善了两端非对称管件轴向补料的效果,形成有益的起皱,进而改善整形过程的应力应变状态,提高了壁厚均匀性和成形极限.     

内高压成形技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了内高压成形原理,工艺分类、优点、应用范围和适用材料,综述了国外内高压成形在工业领域尤其汽车工业的应用情况,给出了用内高压成形制造的典型结构件、枝杈管件、异形管件和空心轴类件.详细介绍了国内研制的400MPa内高压成形机参数及在该设备上试制的铝合金管件、不锈钢管件、空心阶梯轴和轿车后轴纵臂等内高压成形件.最后指出内高压成形需要深入研究的课题和发展趋势.     

内高压成形技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了内高压成形原理、工艺分类、优点、应用范围和适用材料,综述了国外内高压成形在工业领域尤其汽车工业的应用情况,给出了用内高压成形制造的典型结构件、枝杈管件、异形管件和空心轴类件.详细介绍了国内研制的400MPa内高压成形机参数及在该设备上试制的铝合金管件、不锈钢管件、空心阶梯轴和轿车后轴纵臂等内高压成形件.最后探讨了内高压成形需要深入研究的课题和发展趋势.     

管件电磁成形数值模拟方法及缩径变形分析

随着电磁成形工艺应用的发展,需要强有力的数值模拟方法来预测成形过程,并用来指导成形系统设计.归纳了现有的电磁成形模拟方法及各自的特点,讨论了模拟中存在的问题和面临的挑战.应用FEM软件ANSYS对铝合金管件电磁缩径成形进行了数值模拟,研究了管件均匀缩径变形规律.变形管坯轮廓验证了电磁缩径成形的模拟结果.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。