几种低合金钢的碳弧气刨试验

在锅炉及化工高压容器的制造过程中,往往会遇到焊缝挑焊根及焊缝缺陷退修的工作。目前,在我厂除低碳钢和16锰钢可以使用碳弧气刨挑焊根和清除焊缝缺陷外,对其他低合金结构钢和低合金热强钢则不允许使用碳弧刨,而是采用批凿抢挑焊根和清除焊缝缺陷。根据生产实践经验,碳弧气刨的劳动生产率、劳动强度和使用灵活性等方面都比批凿枪优越。随着我国社会主义建设的需要,锅炉和化工容器的产量增长很快,现有     

管道焊接内保护气体的拦控技术

当管道待焊部位必须要与大气隔离以避免缺陷产生时．可采用多种方法密封阻塞管道内孔，由此得到充分的内保护气体来确保焊根的良好焊接。     

未焊透焊接缺陷尺寸对压力明钢管影响的有限元分析

水电站压力钢管在焊接过程中,易形成未焊透缺陷,给压力钢管运行带来不可忽视的危险。为此,基于有限元理论,运用ANSYS软件及其子模型技术,采用控制变量法对某水电站含未焊透焊接缺陷的厂房明管段钢管进行有限元静荷载计算,从应力及应力集中的角度分析了未焊透缺陷的尺寸对明管段钢管强度的影响。结果表明,在模拟尺寸范围内,缺陷处的应力集中系数介于1.32~5.26之间;缺陷处应力及应力集中系数的变化与缺陷的尺寸变化呈现一定的规律;未焊透缺陷长度、宽度、高度三个影响因素中,缺陷高度对结构强度影响最大,在实际工程中应引起高度重视。     

承压设备焊缝超声相控阵检测读谱（续）

以下对两种典型焊接接头型式（V型坡口单面焊和T型接头组合焊）展示了9张典型焊接缺陷的相控阵S-扫描图例。单面焊接缺陷有：焊趾裂纹，近底面坡口未熔合，近表面未熔合，密集气孔：T型接头组合焊缺陷有：根部未焊透，     

膜式壁安装焊口打底焊道未焊透缺陷的产生和预防

分析膜式壁安装焊口打底焊道未焊透缺陷产生的原因，并针对产生未焊透缺陷的各种原因找出防止缺陷产生的方法。     

铸造缺陷修补机在发动机铸件缺陷焊补方面的应用及分析

通过铸造缺陷修补机在灰铁250、球铁500及铝合金101三种材质试块上焊补效果的显微分析，以及对HT250发动机缸体、删气缸套、ZL101发动机缸体缺陷渗漏的焊补效果检测，说明铸造缺陷修补机在灰铁、球铁、铝合金三种材质上的焊补效果满足性能要求，是一种值得推广的新技术。     

焊接接头超声检测中焊角伪缺陷回波的判别

本文针对焊接接头超声检测中焊角伪缺陷回波产生的原因、部位进行了论述并对其产生的规律性、特点以及如何判别焊角伪缺陷回波的方法进行了分析和探讨。     

锅炉焊缝相控阵超声检测典型图谱识别

介绍按ASME规范（09增补版）要求,用超声相控阵技术检测锅炉焊缝时,根据相控阵扇形（S-）扫描图像结合相应探测布置截面图,对典型焊接缺陷检测图谱进行识别和评定的应用案例。所涉及的焊接接头为相比于一般X型坡口双面焊是有一定检测难度的V型坡口单面焊和T型接头组合焊,焊接缺陷包括：焊趾裂纹、焊道下裂纹、内表面开口裂纹、坡口未熔合、根部未焊透、以及密集气孔等。同时,还比较了相控阵检测的定量结果与实际缺陷尺寸。目的是依据规范和标准要求,为锅炉焊缝相控阵超声检测图像识别和结果评定提供借鉴。     

焊缝相控阵超声检测读谱——ASME规范应用案例

介绍按ASME规范（09增补版）要求,用超声相控阵技术检测承压设备焊缝时,根据相控阵扇形（S-）扫描图像结合相应探测布置截面图,对常见焊接缺陷检测图谱进行识别和评定的应用案例。所涉及的焊接接头为V型坡口单面焊和T型接头组合焊,焊接缺陷包括：焊趾裂纹、焊道下裂纹、内表面开口裂纹、坡口未熔合、根部未焊透、以及密集气孔等。同时,还比较了相控阵检测的定量结果与实际缺陷尺寸。目的是依据规范为焊缝相控阵超声检测图像识别和结果评定提供借鉴。     

水工弧形钢闸门未焊透缺陷的有限元分析

鉴于水工钢闸门的焊接质量直接关系到闸门运行安全,运用有限元理论和ANSYS子模型技术,建立含未焊透缺陷的弧形钢闸门有限元模型进行模拟分析。结果表明,在模拟尺寸范围内,考虑未焊透缺陷中最不利情况,即整体焊缝未焊透,未焊透缺陷应力集中系数介于2~12之间,且随未焊透深度增加呈增大趋势;其中,角焊缝最大应力集中系数为3.44,对整体结构影响较小,而对接焊缝最大应力集中系数为12.0,严重超出材料的相应容许应力,会引发裂纹,降低结构强度,因而在实际工程中,应尽量避免对接焊缝未焊透现象。     

列管式圆筒形水冷壁制造工艺研究

列管式圆筒形膜式水冷壁作为IGCC气化炉内件中的重要部件,需由大量的扁钢与管子拼接后制成圆筒形,单个圆筒形膜式壁沿圆周方向有300～700余条纵向焊缝,焊接工作量大、变形控制困难.通过焊接和压制试验,对圆筒形水冷壁加工和变形控制工艺进行研究,得出了合适的列管式筒形水冷壁制造工艺.     

Effect of fins on forced convection heat transfer around a tube in an aligned‐arranged tube bundle

The effect of fins on heat transfer around a tube in an aligned‐arranged tube bundle was investigated experimentally, and the obtained results were compared for three arrangements, i.e., single tube, single tube row, and staggered‐arrangement. It was found from the experiment that the effect of fins begins to appear in an aligned‐arrangement with larger fin spacing than in a staggered‐arrangement. The degradation in the local heat transfer coefficient due to fins can be recognized not only on the rear region of the tube, as observed in other arrangements, but also on the frontal region. As a result of this phenomenon, the degradation in the average heat transfer coefficient in an aligned‐arrangement becomes larger than in other arrangements with the same fin spacing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(8): 555–563, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20091     

三维内肋螺旋管内强化换热实验

采用实验方法测试了三维内肋螺旋管内的流动传热性能。实验用的螺旋管曲率δ=0．0663,测试段长1．15m,试验工质为水。对螺旋光管和两种不同结构尺寸的三维内肋管进行了测试,测量的雷诺数范围约为Re=1000～8500。结果表明,三维内肋对螺旋管内的对流换热仍然有较大的强化效果,同时流阻也有一定程度的增加。与未加肋的螺旋光管相比,在测试的流动范围内,两种三维内肋管的平均换热强化比达1．71和2．03．热力性能系数为1．2～1．66。     

直通式太阳能真空管集热器热性能分析

通过对直通式太阳能真空管传热模型的分析,在导出单根带翅片与不带翅片的直通式太阳能真空管的总热损失系数、效率因子、热迁移因子和瞬时效率的基础上,建立了直通式太阳能真空管的性能预测模型;针对由多根并联、顺流布置的直通式太阳能真空管组成的平行流集热器,对比计算了带翅片与不带翅片两种真空管及由其组成的集热器的瞬时效率。结果表明,在工质流量,进口温度,环境温度等条件相同的情况下带翅片的直通式太阳能真空管以及由其构成的集热器的瞬时效率分别比不带翅片的太阳能真空管及集热器提高很多;并联直通式太阳能真空管间的流量分配不均匀性致使集热器的整体效率低于单根真空管的瞬时效率。     

相变贮热管管内强化传热的数值研究

以管壳式相变换热器为例,研究了肋片对增强贮热管管内传热的影响。建立了内部设置肋片的贮热管放热过程的数理模型,分析比较了不同的肋片参数,如肋片布置密度、长度及厚度等因素对贮热管放热效果的影响,并通过瞬态传热过程的计算,确定了与多种肋片布置方式所对应的相变贮热管的有效导热系数。     

内螺纹外翅片铸铁管式热交换器的研究与开发

文章阐述了内螺纹外翅片管的结构、热工特性，以及在锅炉、热风炉上的应用及其优越性，给出了基于理论分析与实践验证的热力计算、阻力计算方法。     

Collector efficiency improvement of recyclic double-pass sheet-and-tube solar water heaters with internal fins attached

The sheet-and-tube solar water heater is a convenient and common heater to be used as domestic hot water heating. This paper investigates the effects on collector efficiency of a double-pass sheet-and-tube solar water heater with fins attached under various arrayed density. In addition, the number of pair ducts and total mass flow rate are taken into account during the calculation procedure. The theoretical prediction shows that the higher collector efficiency is obtained under the suitable designing and operating parameters. Considerable improvement in collector performance is obtained by employing a recyclic operation with fins attached and under various arrayed density, instead of employing a single-pass flat-plate device. The effect of the recycle ratio, arrayed density and number of fins attached on the collector efficiency enhancement as well as the power consumption increment has also delineated.     

螺旋翅片管防磨和防积灰特性的试验研究

应用三维颗粒动态分析仪（PDA）对气固两相流绕流螺旋翅片管进行了防磨和防积灰的实验研究。实验结果表明在翅片之间，固相颗粒密度和主流速度呈抛物线规律分布。颗粒密度和速度的这种分布规律降低了固体颗粒对翅片壁面的撞击能量，从而减轻了翅片和基管的磨损。随着来流速度和来流密度的提高，迎风面区域磨损加剧，其他区域基本不受影响。实验数据还表明，螺旋翅片的导流作用使得迎风面的滞点处产生一个轴向速度，这和光管有着本质的区别。此速度的存在有利于减轻积灰。     

Thermal performance enhancement of melting and solidification process of phase‐change material in triplex tube heat exchanger using longitudinal fins

Efficient application of intermittent renewable energy sources, like solar, waste heat recovery, and so forth, depends on a large extent on the thermal energy storage methods. Latent heat energy storage with the use of phase‐change material (PCM) is the most promising one because it stores large energy in the form of latent heat at a constant temperature. The current study investigates melting and solidification of PCM in the triplex tube heat exchanger (TTHX) numerically. The two‐dimensional numerical model has been developed using Ansys Fluent 16.2, which considers the effects of conduction as well as natural convection. To overcome the limitation imposed by the poor thermal conductivity of PCM, use of fins is the better solution. In the current study, longitudinal fins are used for better performance of TTHX, which increases heat‐transfer area between PCM and heat‐transfer fluid. The effects of location of fins, that is, internal, external, and combined internal‐external fins, are observed. All three configurations improve melting as well as solidification process. During the melting process, internal and combined internal‐external fins are equally efficient, in which maximum 59% to 60% reduction in melting time is achieved. For solidification, internal‐external fins combination gives maximum 58% reduction in solidification time.     

Enrichment of heat transfer in a latent heat storage unit using longitudinal fins

The charging and discharging rates of a phase change material (PCM) in a horizontal latent heat storage unit (LHSU) is largely influenced by the lower thermal conductivity of the PCM. In the present research, four different configurations of longitudinal fins are proposed to augment the heat transfer in horizontal shell and tube type LHSUs. Numerical investigations are reported to establish the thermal performance augmentation with rectangular, triangular, and Y‐shaped (bifurcated) fins. From the results, it has been inferred that all fin configurations provide a faster charging and discharging rate. In the present set of geometric dimensions of LHSU considered, a reduction in charging time of 68.71% is evaluated for case III (three rectangular fins with one fin positioned in the area of the heat transfer fluid [HTF] surface) and case V (two bifurcated fins with one fin positioned in the area of the HTF surface). Moreover, overall cycle (charging + discharging) time is reduced by 58.3% for case III. Employment of fins results in a faster rate of absorption and extraction of energy from the PCM.