液相等离子喷涂制备纳米ZrO2/Y2O3涂层的研究

传统的喷涂技术制备的ZrO2/Y2O3涂层存在原料需团聚烧结致密,纳米晶粒不定和物理性能不佳等缺点.采用一种新型的液相等离子喷涂法制备了纳米氧化锆热障涂层,初步分析了液相前驱体液滴在等离子焰流中和基体表面的沉积变化过程,研究了雾化液滴尺寸对纳米氧化锆涂层的显微结构,特别是其相结构的影响;同时分析了纳米氧化锆涂层的抗热震循环性能.结果表明,纳米氧化锆涂层可以承受1 000多次的热循环试验,具有优良的抗热震性能.     

热循环条件下NiCrAlYSi/YSZ热障涂层层间损伤及元素扩散行为研究

采用真空电弧镀设备制备热障涂层(TBCs)中的NiCrAlYSi金属粘结层,采用电子束物理气相沉积工艺(EB-PVD)制备YSZ陶瓷层,利用带能谱仪的扫描电子显微镜对沉积态和热循环损伤后的热障涂层试样的形貌、组织结构以及元素成分进行分析,研究热障涂层从热循环初期到失效的过程中层间损伤及元素扩散行为.结果表明,随着热循环...     

纳米ZrO2热障涂层热震性能研究

为了研究纳米热障涂层的热震性能,采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了纳米Y2O3-ZrO2(YSZ)热障涂层,并测试了涂层的热震性能.借助扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段分析了涂层的物相构成和组织结构.结果表明,涂层中保留未完全熔融的小尺寸颗粒,且存在大量的孔径＜1 μm的微孔,该结构对提高涂层的热震性能极为有利.纳米涂层抗热震性能显著优于常规热障涂层,从室温至1 000℃,经800次热循环,涂层无明显的脱落现象.     

基于真实组织的模拟技术在热障涂层热导率预测中的应用探索

孔隙结构是影响涂层热导率的关键因素,采用激光脉冲法对2种工艺参数制备的YSZ热障涂层的热导率进行测试,并利用面向对象有限元分析技术(OOF)研究热障涂层微观结构对热导率的影响,探讨该技术在热障涂层隔热性能研究中应用的可行性和影响因素.结果 表明:基于真实涂层组织结构的热导率预测计算结果会受到模拟过程中的边界条件、网格划...     

等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积制备7YSZ热障涂层及其热导率研究

通过等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)技术在3种不同工艺参数下制备7YSZ热障涂层。采用XRD和SEM分析涂层的相结构和微观组织,利用激光脉冲法测量涂层不同温度下的热导率。结果表明:通过调整工艺参数中电流的大小和等离子气体成分,可以制备截面呈柱状、致密层状和柱-颗粒状混合组织结构,表面呈"菜花"状或起伏的多峰状的YSZ热障涂层。涂层的相结构由粉末的单斜相氧化锆(m-ZrO_2)转变为涂层中的四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2),并保留至室温。在700~1100℃时,YSZ涂层的热导率随着温度的升高而增大。柱状晶结构涂层因具有较大的孔隙率,可以有效降低涂层的热导率,其热导率为1.0~1.2W·m~(-1)·K~(-1);而层状结构涂层由于比较致密,其热导率相对较高。     

纳米氧化锆涂层晶粒度与隔热性能的关系

将纳米热障涂层隔热性能与微观组织联系起来并进行定量描述的工作还处于起步阶段,采用纳米ZrO2团聚体粉末在不同的喷涂参数下制备了3种不同的纳米热障涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜、IA-32定量金相分析软件、X射线衍射仪对其进行了观察和分析,并结合非稳态激光脉冲法与差示扫描量热仪测量了涂层的热导率.研究表明:涂层中同时存在柱状组织和纳米级等轴组织,并以柱状组织为主;随着喷涂参数的改变,二者的相对比例发生变化;纳米级等轴组织含量对涂层的平均晶粒度和热导率都有重要影响;随着涂层晶粒度的减小,热导率随之降低.     

热障涂层的研究进展与发展趋势

热障涂层一般由金属粘结层和具有低热导率的陶瓷顶层组成,应用于涡轮发动机的热端部件可显著提高其使用温度,延长部件的使用寿命,提高发动机的效率.综述了热障涂层的成分选择、制备方法及等离子喷涂和电子束物理气相沉积2种热障涂层的典型结构,分析了热障涂层的剥落失效机理,并简单介绍了热障涂层的寿命预测模型和隔热特性的研究.     

一种长寿命热障涂层——LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)/YSZ双陶瓷层介绍

本文通过固相反应合成LaMgAl11O19热障涂层新材料,用喷雾干燥的方法制备粉末,用等离子喷涂方法制备LaMgAl11O19/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层,通过热循环实验测试了涂层的热循环性能,并分析了涂层失效机理。研究结果表明LaMgAl11O19/YSZ双陶瓷层热循环寿命比8YSZ的热循环寿命长得多,是一种非常有应用前景的热障涂层新材料。     

45钢表面大气等离子喷涂氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆热障涂层及其性能

为了制备高性能热障涂层,缩短国内外差距,在45钢表面大气等离子喷涂氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)热障涂层。利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析YSZ涂层的相结构和微观形貌,分别测定了YSZ涂层的孔隙率、热导率、显微硬度、结合强度及隔热性能。结果表明:YSZ涂层的孔隙率、隔热温差随喷涂电压增大而减小,随喷涂距离的增加而增大;维氏硬度、结合强度和热导率随喷涂电压增大而增大,随喷涂距离增加而减小;当喷涂电压为80 V,喷涂距离为100 mm时,YSZ热障涂层的结合强度为36.78 MPa,热导率为0.705 W/(m·K),具有较好的隔热性能。     

采用EB-PVD技术制备两种多分层热障涂层的研究

基于电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术,设计并分别采用离子束辅助沉积法和低转速法制备了两种具有分层结构的热障涂层(TBCs),对陶瓷层引入层状结构后的组织结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明,层状结构的引入带来大量平行于沉积面的分层界面和相邻分层间的密度调制变化。层状结构TBCs的占优取向由(100)逐渐变化到(111),但仍都形成了不可转变的四方相(t′)结构。依据分层结构本身的差异和分层界面所处位置的不同,低转速分层试样具有更好的抗氧化性能,但离子辅助分层试样具有明显更长的热循环寿命。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。