Wear and Friction Behavior of the Spray-Deposited SiCp/Al-20Si-3Cu Functionally Graded Material

The spray-deposited SiCp/Al-20Si-3Cu functionally graded material (FGM) can meet the structure design requirements of brake disk. The effects of rotational speed and load on the wear and friction behaviors of the SiCp/Al-20Si-3Cu FGM sliding against the resin matrix friction material were investigated. For comparison, the wear and friction behaviors of a commercially used cast iron (HT250) brake rotor were also studied. The results indicate that the friction coefficient of the SiCp/Al-20Si-3Cu FGM decreases constantly with the increase of load or rotational speed and is affected by the gradient distribution of SiC particles. The wear rate of the SiCp/Al-20Si-3Cu FGM firstly increases, then decreases and finally increases again with increasing load or speed, and is about 1/10 of that of HT250. Based on observations and analyses on the morphology and substructure of the worn surface, the mechanical mixing layer acts as a protective coating and lubricant, and its thickness reduces with the SiC content increasing. Furthermore, it is proposed that the dominant wear mechanism of SiCp/Al-20Si-3Cu FGM changes from the abrasive wear to the oxidative wear and further to the delamination wear with increasing load or speed.     

Dry sliding wear behavior of Al 2219/SiCp-Gr hybrid metal matrix composites

The dry sliding wear behavior of Al 2219 alloy and Al 2219/SiCp/Gr hybrid composites are investigated under similar conditions. The composites are fabricated using the liquid metallurgy technique. The dry sliding wear test is carried out for sliding speeds up to 6 m/s and for normal loads up to 60 N using a pin on disc apparatus. It is found that the addition of SiCp and graphite reinforcements increases the wear resistance of the composites. The wear rate decreases with the increase in SiCp reinforcement content. As speed increases, the wear rate decreases initially and then increases. The wear rate increases with the increase in load. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the worn surface are used to predict the nature of the wear mechanism. Abrasion is the principle wear mechanism for the composites at low sliding speeds and loads. At higher loads, the wear mechanism changes to delamination.     

SiC_P尺寸对铜基复合材料抗氧化性及磨损性的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了SiC粒径分别为10、20和40μm的SiCP./Cu复合材料,对复合材料的抗氧化性和耐磨损性进行了研究,并对磨损形貌进行了观察.结果表明,在氧化温度为400～700℃时,SiCp/Cu复合材料的抗氧化性优于纯铜,粒径为20μm的SiCp,/Cu复合材料的抗氧化性最优.复合材料的磨损性能也随SiCp粒径的变化发生明显改变,在载荷≤100N时,SiCp粒径增大有助于提高复合材料的耐磨性,其磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损;随着载荷的增加,大粒径SiCp易于破损,复合材料磨损率剧增,其磨损机制是磨粒磨损及剥层磨损的复合作用.     

Influence of carbon content on wear resistance and wear mechanism of Mn13Cr2 and Mn18Cr2 cast steels

By means of impact abrasion tests, micro-hardness tests, and worn surface morphology observation via SEM, a comparison research based upon different impact abrasive wear conditions was conducted in this research to study the influence of different carbon contents(1.25 wt.%, 1.35 wt.%, and 1.45 wt.%) on the wear resistance and wear mechanism of water-quenched Mn13Cr2 and Mn18Cr2 cast steels. The research results show that the wear resistance of the Mn18Cr2 cast steel is superior to that of the Mn13Cr2 cast steel under the condition of the same carbon content and different impact abrasive wear conditions because the Mn18Cr2 cast steel possesses higher worn work hardening capacity as well as a more desirable combination of high hardness and impact toughness than that of the Mn13Cr2 cast steel. When a 4.5 J impact abrasive load is applied, the wear mechanism of both steels is that plastic deformation fatigue spalling and micro-cutting coexist, and the former dominates. When the carbon content is increased, the worn work hardening effect becomes increasingly dramatic, while the wear resistance of both steels decreases, which implies that an increase in impact toughness is beneficial to improving the wear resistance under severe impact abrasive wear conditions. Under the condition of a 1.0 J impact abrasive load, the wear mechanism of both steels is that plastic deformation fatigue spalling and micro-cutting coexist, and the latter plays a leading role. The worn work hardening effect and wear resistance intensify when the carbon content is increased, which implies that a higher hardness can be conducive to better wear resistance under low impact abrasive condition.     

Microstructures and wear properties of graphite and Al2O3 reinforced AZ91D-Cex composites

The magnesium matrix composites reinforced by graphite particles and Al2O3 short fibers were fabricated by squeeze-infiltration technique. The additions dispersed uniformly and no agglomeration and casting defect were observed. The microstructures and wear properties of the composites with different Ce contents of 0, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively, were investigated. Especially, the effect of Ce on the properties was discussed. The results reveal that Ce enriches around the boundaries of graphite particles and forms Al3Ce phase with Al. The addition of Ce refines the microstructures of the composites. With the increase of Ce content, the grain size becomes smaller and the wear resistance of the composite is improved. At low load, the composites have similar worn surface. At high load, the composite with 1.0% Ce has the best wear resistance due to the existence of Al3Ce phase. The Al3Ce phase improves the thermal stability of the matrix so the graphite particles can keep intact, which can still work as lubricant. At low load, the wear mechanism is abrasive wear and oxidation wear. At high load, the wear mechanism changes to delamination wear for all the composites.     

SiCp/A356复合材料高温干滑动摩擦磨损特性研究

借助UMT-2型摩擦磨损试验机详细研究了转速对 SiCp/A356复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损特性的影响,并用SEM、EDS和奥林巴斯激光共焦扫描显微镜观察并分析了其高温摩擦磨损行为。结果表明：铸态材料的磨损率增加幅度和摩擦系数曲线波动较大;T6态材料的磨损率增加幅度和摩擦系数曲线波动较小,表现出优异的摩擦性能。铸态材料的磨损机理主要由低转速时的氧化磨损和剥离磨损转变为高转速时的粘着磨损,而T6态材料主要由低转速时的氧化磨损转变为高转速时的剥离磨损和磨粒磨损。高转速区时,铸态材料的磨损断面中出现裂纹,而T6态材料只是存在简单的磨削痕迹和颗粒脱落现象,热处理后复合材料的高温耐磨性能明显提高。     

TC4钛合金微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜的结构及摩擦磨损性能

在硅酸钠-六偏磷酸钠体系中添加1.5g/LCr2O3微粒,采用直流脉冲模式在TC4钛合金表面制备了微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜;利用SEM、EDS、XRD对复合膜的微观形貌和结构进行观察分析,并研究了其在室温干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:复合膜的表层孔隙中填满了微小的Cr2O3颗粒,表面只能看到少量微孔;膜层中除了金红石及锐钛矿TiO2相、Al2TiO5相外,还出现了大量的Cr2O3相,且包含了一些非晶态的P、Si化合物。在相同的摩擦磨损条件下,微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜的摩擦系数更小、磨损量更低、耐磨性也更好。在10N载荷下,复合膜只发生轻微的粘着磨损,几乎未发生磨粒磨损;在50N载荷下,复合膜的磨粒磨损有所加剧,且出现了第二相粒子流失。Cr2O3颗粒主要通过对微弧氧化膜孔隙的填充作用、载荷转移作用及弥散强化作用,来降低复合膜的摩擦系数和表面磨损量,提高其耐磨性。     

等离子喷涂NiCrAlY-Cu涂层中Cu在宽温域环境下的扩散及摩擦耗散机制

含软金属自适应涂层在摩擦过程因软金属独特的性能而具备良好的摩擦学性能,然而在不断摩擦过程中软金属会发生一定的耗散导致涂层失效。为了研究软金属润滑剂在宽温域摩擦过程中的耗散机制,利用等离子喷涂技术制备NiCrAlY-Cu涂层;通过分析热处理及宽温域摩擦前后涂层的组分与形貌演变,揭示NiCrAlY-Cu涂层中Cu的高温扩散及宽温域摩擦耗散机制。结果表明：Cu以片层状分布在NiCrAlY基础相中,软金属Cu在温度单因素影响下垂直向涂层表面扩散,随着温度的升高扩散加剧。在1000℃环境下Cu在涂层内部发生平行扩散,并最终呈现弥散态分布。在中低温环境下随着温度的升高Cu的剪切强度降低进而使得涂层摩擦因数逐渐下降,但是由于Cu呈片层状分布,随着温度的升高涂层发生疲劳剥落导致磨损率升高。随着温度的进一步升高,Cu扩散加剧,片层状Cu减少,同时发生氧化,使得摩擦因数升高,磨损率降低。在宽温域摩擦过程中由于温度和载荷的共同影响,Cu在涂层中的摩擦耗散机制为Cu垂直向涂层表面扩散,由磨痕区域内向磨痕外平行扩散。同时,磨痕内聚集的Cu以磨屑形式逐渐损耗。提出在不同温域摩擦过程中受力-热耦合影响的软金属耗散机...     

T6热处理对SiCp/Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备出不同SiC颗粒体积分数(30%、35%和40%)的SiCp/Al复合材料。采用MMU-5GA微机控制真空高温摩擦磨损试验机对比研究SiCp/Al复合材料在不同体积分数以及T6热处理前后情况下平均摩擦因数和磨损率的变化,通过扫描电镜分析了SiCp/Al复合材料表面磨损形貌,探讨了摩擦磨损机理。试验结果表明,SiC颗粒体积分数在30%~40%变化时,随其体积分数增加耐磨性下降。SiC颗粒体积分数在30%~35%范围内,SiC颗粒与基体结合较好,SiC颗粒作为硬质点起到抵抗磨损和限制基体合金塑性变形产生磨损的双重作用;但SiC含量过多时,颗粒与基体的结合不紧密,磨损时颗粒极易脱落,复合材料耐磨性降低;T6热处理后复合材料的平均摩擦因数和磨损率均降低,这是由于热处理后试样强度及硬度提高,从而提高了试样的耐磨性;常温下复合材料在磨损初期的磨损机理主要以磨粒磨损为主,而在磨损期则为磨粒磨损与剥落磨损共存。     

载荷和滑动速度对块体镁基非晶合金干摩擦性能的影响

目的以制备的Mg_(59.5)Cu_(22.9)Ag_(6.6)Gd_(11)块体镁基非晶合金为基础,探索法向载荷和滑动速度影响镁基非晶合金干摩擦行为的规律和机制,为进一步研究镁基非晶合金提供实验依据。方法采用UMT-2多功能摩擦磨损机,改变法向载荷和滑动速度的大小,进行摩擦磨损实验。通过白光干涉轮廓仪测出磨损轨迹的宽度和深度,再根据公式计算出磨损体积和磨损率。利用扫描电镜和EDS能谱分析磨损轨迹,揭示非晶合金的磨损机制。结果随着载荷的增加,磨损率先减小后稳定,摩擦系数略有减小。随着滑动速度的增加,磨损率先减小后增大,在相对滑动速度为120 mm/s时出现最小值。载荷小于20 N时,磨痕表面布满犁沟和小颗粒状磨屑;载荷大于20 N时,磨痕表面出现层叠状非均匀塑性变形层,对磨球表面转移膜粘连明显。滑动速度低时,磨痕表面布满犁沟,随着速度的增加,先是软化均匀流变,接着出现熔化、剥落。结论块体非晶镁基合金在低载荷下以磨粒磨损为主,还伴随着氧化、少量的粘着;载荷大于20 N时,变为粘着磨损为主。低滑动速度下以磨粒磨损为主,当滑动速度为180 mm/s时,试样表面熔化失效,磨损方式为剥落和磨粒磨损的综合。     

温度和载荷对TC4合金磨损性能的影响

采用MG-2000型销盘式高温磨损试验机对TC4合金在环境温度为25~600℃、载荷为50~250 N时的磨损性能进行了研究。利用SEM、EDS和XRD等对试样磨面和剖面的形貌、成分及结构进行了观察与分析。实验结果表明,在25~300℃,TC4合金的磨损率随着温度的升高而升高。磨面呈犁沟及黏着痕迹,磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。在400℃时,磨面局部被摩擦氧化层所覆盖,磨损率随着载荷的增加缓慢下降,磨损机制为黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。在500~600℃,磨面大部分被摩擦氧化层所覆盖,磨损率很低且随载荷变化很小,磨损机制为氧化磨损。可见,TC4合金在500~600℃具有优异的耐磨性能。     

Mechanical and dry sliding wear properties of silicon carbide particulate reinforced aluminium–copper alloy matrix composites produced by direct squeeze casting method

In this study, the microstructural features, mechanical properties and dry sliding wear characteristics of Al–4.5Cu–3Mg/15 vol.% SiCp matrix composites, manufactured by squeeze casting technique, were investigated. Wear tests were carried out at 0.5, 1 and 2.0 m/s sliding speeds under the loads of 5, 10, and 15 N for a 1000 m sliding distance versus AISI D2 steel disc. The results showed that, the composites have homogeneously distributed porosity free SiC particles. The failure in composites occurs in both matrix and particles simultaneously implying good bonding between matrix and particles. Friction coefficient of the composites decreased with an increase in the applied load and the sliding speed. In addition, the higher the applied load and the faster the sliding speed are, the higher the wear rate is. SEM analysis indicated that worn surfaces consisted of plastically deformed and oxidized particles removed by the micro-machining effects of the reinforcement phase.     

Tribological behavior of self lubricating Cu/MoS2 composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

The effects of MoS₂ content on microstructure, density, hardness and wear resistance of pure copper were studied. Copper-based composites containing 0–10% (mass fraction) MoS₂ particles were fabricated by mechanical milling and hot pressing from pure copper and MoS₂ powders. Wear resistance was evaluated in dry sliding condition using a pin on disk configuration at a constant sliding speed of 0.2 m/s. Hardness measurements showed a critical MoS₂ content of 2.5% at which a hardness peak was attained. Regardless of the applied normal load, the lowest coefficient of friction and wear loss were attained for Cu/2.5MoS₂ composite. While coefficient of friction decreased when the applied normal load was raised from 1 to 4 N at any reinforcement content, the wear volume increased with increasing normal load. SEM micrographs from the worn surfaces and debris revealed that the wear mechanism was changed from mainly adhesion in pure copper to a combination of abrasion and delamination in Cu/MoS₂ composites.     

激光熔覆TiC增强FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层磨损性研究

利用激光熔覆技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制得了以TiC为增强相、以FeAl 金属间化合物为基体的耐磨复合材料涂层，研究了激光熔覆。FiC／FeAl复合材料涂层在干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能及磨损机制。结果表明：随着载荷和滑动速率的增加，TiC／FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层的磨损速率增加，其磨损机制随着载荷的增加逐渐由磨料磨损向粘着磨损转变；激光熔覆层中TiC体积分数的增加，一方面提高了涂层的磨料磨损抗力，另一方面降低了熔覆层表面与对磨材料之间的粘着倾向，提高了TiC／FeAl涂层的滑动磨损性能。激光熔覆TiC/FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层具有优异的耐磨性能并随TiC体积分数的增加而提高。     

摩擦条件对化学混杂复合镀层Ni-P-Gr-SiC摩擦性能的影响(英文)

研究化学复合镀层Ni-P-Gr-SiC的摩擦磨损性能,主要研究石墨复合量、载荷及转速对复合镀层摩擦性能的影响。采用SEM和EDAX对磨损表面和截面进行磨痕形貌和成分分析。结果表明,由于石墨和碳化硅两相颗粒的协同作用,复合镀层显示出良好的减摩性能和耐磨性。分析表明,摩擦试样的亚表层形成的富石墨机械混合层对摩擦体系保持良好的摩擦性能起到重要作用,同时碳化硅颗粒的承载作用有效避免富石墨机械混合层在摩擦剪切力作用下的断裂。     

添加纳米TiO2的Ni-P化学复合镀层显微结构与性能

采用化学复合镀法制备了Ni-P-纳米TiO2复合镀层,研究了纳米TiO2添加对Ni-P复合镀层的显微结构、硬度、耐磨性、孔隙率及耐蚀性的影响,并讨论了其影响机理。结果表明:纳米TiO2粒子较为均匀地分布在Ni基镀层,未发生明显团聚;纳米TiO2粒子的弥散强化作用,使复合镀层具有较高的表面硬度和良好的耐摩擦性能,晶化热处理后的复合镀层表面硬度达到了10 925 MPa,耐摩擦性能也显著提高。添加纳米TiO2粒子后,镀层的孔隙率增加,耐碱和耐盐腐蚀的能力稍有降低,耐HCl溶液腐蚀的能力较差。     

SiCp/AZ91D纳米复合材料的摩擦磨损行为研究

采用机械搅拌与高能超声处理法制备了纳米SiC颗粒(n-SiCp)增强的镁基复合材料,探讨了基体及其复合材料的干滑动摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:由于纳米颗粒的强化作用,复合材料的耐磨性能要明显的强于基体,随着载荷的增加,基体和复合材料的磨损率线性增加,在磨损过程中,基体和复合材料经过磨合磨损和稳态磨损两个阶段。通过对磨损表面的显微分析发现,磨损机制主要是粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和剥层磨损,载荷大小对磨损机制有重要影响。     

Surface modification of Al-Pb alloy by high current pulsed electron beam

Al-Pb alloy was modified by high current pulsed electron beam and the microstructure, hardness and tribological characteristics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electronic microanalysis probe microanalysis, Knoop hardness indentation and pin-on-disc type wear testing machine. The results show that the microstructure and hardness can be greatly improved, and the modification layer consists of a molten zone, an overlapped zone of heat-affected and quasistatic thermal stress-affected zone and a transition zone followed by the substrate. The tribological properties of high current pulsed electron beam irradiated Al-Pb alloy are correspondingly improved largely. Optical observation and scanning electron microscopy analysis reveal that the low wear rate and lowest level in coefficient of friction at high load level for irradiated Al-Pb alloy are due to the formation of a lubricious tribolayer covering the worn surface, which is a mixture of Al2O3, Pb3O4 and silicate. The wear mode varies from oxidative wear at low load to film spalling at high load and, finally, adhesive wear.     

热挤压对搅拌铸造Al—Si—Pb轴承合金磨损行为的影响

研究了干摩擦条件下铸态与热挤压态Al-Si-Pb轴承合金的磨损行为。研究结果表明：热挤压能有效改善铸态合金的组织，提高机械性能，显著降低气孔率。这些有利因素极大地提高挤压态Al-Si-Pb合金的耐磨性。光学观察与X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）表明：含铅量超过15％的Al-Si-Pb合金在中等载荷下表现出几乎恒定的磨损率与较好的抗咬合性，其原因是因为在磨损过程中形成一层几乎覆盖整个麻醉损面的润滑膜，该膜是由含Al,Fe,Si,O,Pb等化合物混合组成。     

铸造碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的三体磨损行为

采用无压浸渗工艺制备了铸造碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体材料,胎体材料组织均匀,胎体中碳化钨颗粒完整,碳化钨颗粒与铜合金基体形成均匀扩散层。重点研究了PDC钻头胎体的三体磨料磨损行为和磨损机理。结果表明:铸造碳化钨颗粒形貌是影响PDC钻头胎体三体磨料磨损行为的主要因素。相对于破碎铸造碳化钨,球形碳化钨内部微裂纹少且无应力集中,具有耐磨增效作用,可显著提高PDC钻头胎体材料的三体磨损性能。球形碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的相对耐磨性是破碎碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的10倍。破碎碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的磨损表面呈现大量铜合金基体犁沟,多角状碳化钨颗粒被磨损变圆滑;而球形碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的磨损表面碳化钨颗粒突出林立,少量碳化钨颗粒被折断或发生破裂。