Al，Zn对挤压Mg-1Mn合金晶粒组织和塑性变形机制的影响

目的 探索镁合金中常用合金化元素Al,Zn对挤压Mg-1Mn合金的晶粒组织和力学性能的影响,为含Mn合金的成分设计及商业化应用提供理论支撑.方法 在280℃下,对Mg-1Mn,Mg-1Mn-1Al和Mg-1Mn-2Zn合金进行热挤压,制备镁合金棒材,采用拉伸测试分析力学性能,利用电子背散射衍射技术观察晶粒组织,并通过粘塑性自洽模型研究塑性变形机制.结果 在3种合金中,Mg-1Mn-1Al的晶粒最为细小,平均晶粒尺寸为1.3μm,屈服强度、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别为309 MPa,313 MPa和19.5％.结论 在Mg-1Mn合金中,与Zn相比,较低含量的Al具有更好的再结晶晶粒细化效果.Al,Zn的添加能够有效抑制基面滑移,促进非基面滑移的开启.     

中低温挤压Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金组织与性能研究

晶粒细化可以有效改善镁合金的力学性能.基于此,以Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金作为研究对象,通过中低温挤压变形工艺对Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金组织进行调控,进而对其变形后的组织及性能进行分析.结果表明:随着挤压温度降低,Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金的塑性变形机制发生转变,变形后的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,综合力学性能增强.280℃挤压变形时,合金以基面滑移及孪生协调变形为主,动态再结晶后的平均晶粒尺寸约为5.3μm,此时合金的屈服强度为95 MPa,抗拉强度为186 MPa,延伸率为22％.     

挤压AM50(-Ca)镁合金的显微组织与力学性能研究

研究了挤压AM50(-Ca)镁合金的微观组织和力学性能.研究发现添加钙在AM50合金中生成新的Al2Ca相,并细化合金的晶粒尺寸.大于2wt.%的钙使铸态AMS0的晶粒尺寸从200 μm减小到40 μm,使挤压态AM50的晶粒尺寸从15 μm减小到7.5 μm.含钙量较少时,晶粒内仍含有少量的Mg17Al12相,Al2Ca相主要分布在晶界;含钙量多于2wt.%时,合金中的Mg17Al12完全消失,除晶界处的Al2Ca相外,在晶粒内部出现大量的针状Al2Ca相.加钙提高了AM50合金的低温抗拉强度,同时在所有试验温度下合金的屈服强度得到提升.     

热挤压Mg-3Sn-1Zn-xCu合金的显微组织与力学性能

研究了添加Cu对热挤压Mg-3Sn-1Zn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加少量Cu能显著细化热挤压Mg-3Sn-1Zn合金晶粒,同时在合金中形成具有高热稳定性的CuMgZn相,提高了合金的室温及高温强度和塑性。当Cu含量为0.5%时,热挤压Mg-3Sn-1Zn-0.5Cu合金的晶粒最细,为2.8 μm;其强度和塑性最高,室温屈服强度为241 MPa,伸长率为20.3%,150 ℃时屈服强度为128 MPa,室温拉伸力学性能优于挤压态AZ31B合金,高温强度优于铸态AE42合金。     

新型Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的微观组织、力学及耐腐蚀性能

设计了新型高钙铝比Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金,通过常温拉伸、失重法、pH测定和电化学测试等方法研究了合金的常温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了基体和腐蚀产物相结构、合金显微组织以及腐蚀形貌。研究结果表明,这种镁锂合金形成Al2Ca相包围双基体(α-Mg+β-Li)的结构,挤压后基体组织和第二相粒子均明显细化。Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的耐腐蚀性能优于一般镁锂合金,且随着挤压比的增大进一步提升。该合金的力学性能协调了镁锂合金的优良塑性和高钙铝比镁合金的高强度,拥有较高的抗拉强度(222 MPa)和延伸率(8.3%)。     

铸态Mg-6Al-1.5Ca合金高温蠕变行为研究

采用光学显微镜（OM）、能谱分析（EDS）及X射线衍射（XRD）研究了铸态Mg-6Al-1.5Ca合金显微组织,并测试了合金的高温蠕变性能。结果表明：该合金由呈枝晶形貌的α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的Al2Ca共晶相组成;通过幂律蠕变方程得出在150-200℃/50-90MPa下合金蠕变变形机制为扩散控制的高温位错攀移和晶界滑移机制;蠕变断裂行为可以用Monkman-Gran经验公式来描述,175℃蠕变断裂特征为脆性穿晶断裂。     

Al、Mn元素对Mg-2.5Sn-3.5Ca合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

目的 研究Mg-Sn-Ca-Al系合金的力学性能与微观组织之间的关系,以期开发一种新型的高性能、低成本的非稀土镁合金材料。方法 在非稀土Mg-2.5Sn-3.5Ca合金中添加Al和微量Mn元素,制备出了Mg-2.5Sn-3.5Ca-xAl合金（x=1,5;分别标注为TXA341,TXA345）以及Mg-2.5Sn-3.5Ca-5Al-0.5Mn合金（标注为TXAM3450）,并对其铸态、均匀化态以及挤压态合金的微观组织与力学性能进行系统研究。结果 TXA345合金兼备高的强度和优良的塑性,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和塑性分别为~340 MPa,~350 MPa,~9.6%;TXAM3450合金表现出更高的屈服强度（~360 MPa）和抗拉强度（~375 MPa）,但是其塑性仅有~3.5%;TXA341合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和塑性分别为~215 MPa,~298 MPa,~4.3%。高Al含量的TXA345合金表现出较高屈服强度,是由于合金内部形成了高密度的G.P.区,并直接导致其再结晶晶粒可细化至~0.8 μm。继续在TXA345合金的基础上添加微量的Mn元素,TXAM3450合金内G.P.区的析出密度继续提高,并且会伴有条带状Al2Ca微米第二相的出现,因此其屈服强度进一步升高,然而该条带状微米相在室温下的塑性较差,因此直接导致TXAM3450合金低的伸长率。结论 相关结果对于设计高强塑兼备的非稀土变形镁合金具有较好的指导意义,为非稀土镁合金在结构材料中的广泛应用提供了可能。     

Sc、Zr对Al-Mg-Mn合金再结晶行为及内耗性能的影响

为了研究微量Sc、Zr在Al-Mg-Mn合金中的作用,采用铸锭冶金方法制备了Al-6.0Mg-0.5Mn-(Sc、Zr)合金,通过光学显微镜、显微硬度、透射电镜组织观察和低频扭摆法测量内耗方法研究了微量Sc、Zr对Al-6.0Mg-0.5Mn的组织、再结晶行为及内耗性能的影响.研究表明:添加质量分数为0.21%Sc和0.15%Zr可显著细化Al-6.0Mg-0.5Mn合金铸态组织;粒状Al3Sc1-xZrx相对位错、晶界有强烈钉扎作用,抑制合金再结晶;冷变形后的Al-6.0Mg-0.5Mn-0.21Sc-0.15Zr合金的内耗表现出非线性特征,频率越低或温度越高,合金内耗Q-1越大.在频率为1Hz、应变振幅为4.6×10-5下,冷变形Al-6.0Mg-0.5Mn-0.21Sc-0.15Zr合金升温Q-1-T曲线上在326℃时产生内耗峰,该峰可由Al3Sc1-xZrx沉淀粒子与位错脱钉机制解释.微量Sc、Zr可以细化Al-Mg-Mn合金组织,抑制合金的再结晶,导致合金在升温Q-1-T曲线上产生内耗峰.     

形变热处理对Mg-4Al-1Si-1Gd合金组织及性能的影响

为改善Mg-Al-Si系(AS系)变形镁合金因第二相粗大、分布不均而性能较低的现状,在200℃下对挤压态Mg-4Al-1Si-1Gd合金分别进行不同时间(5 h、10 h、15 h)的等温时效和等通道挤压(ECAP)处理,并利用光学显微镜、扫描显微镜和拉伸实验分析其组织及拉伸性能.结果表明:随着等温时效时间的延长,晶粒尺寸增大,晶界处析出少量聚集的大尺寸Mg17 Al12相,时效10 h后合金的室温拉伸性能较优,但与挤压态相比强塑性明显降低.而形变时效提供的热变形能和应变累积量促进了动态再结晶的充分进行,晶粒尺寸由挤压态的10.68μm减小至2.20μm,Mg2 Si相和Si3 Gd5相碎化完全且分布更均匀,晶界处析出了大量颗粒状Mg17 Al12相,基面织构明显弱化,形成了新的非基面织构组分,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率与挤压态相比分别提高了11.7％、33.7％和19.9％.经计算,细晶强化对屈服强度的贡献值为42.8 MPa,Orowan强化的贡献值为4.25 MPa.     

微量Cu和形变热处理对Al-Fe合金性能的影响

观察Al-Fe合金的显微组织并测量其力学性能和导电性能,研究了Cu元素和形变热处理对其性能的影响。结果表明：在铸态Al-Fe-Cu合金组织中,Cu元素在基体内均匀分布,而Fe元素在晶界处偏析;挤压态的Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu合金其性能最优：导电率为59.90%IACS,抗拉强度为108 MPa,硬度为31.2HV;随着退火温度的提高Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu合金的抗拉强度急剧降低,在400℃退火时其抗拉强度最低(100 MPa),伸长率最高(31.3%);在250℃退火时导电率出现峰值(62.61%IACS)。在退火Al-0.7Cu-0.2Cu合金中有许多细小针状的θ(Al₂Cu)相析出,并与位错交互缠结。随着退火温度的提高合金中的位错密度降低,晶粒细化。     

Low-temperature superplasticity of β-stabilized Ti-43Al-9V-Y alloy sheet with bimodal γ-grain-size distribution

The superplasticity of Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y alloy sheet hot-rolled at 1100 ℃ was systematically investigated in the temperature range of 750-900 ℃ under an initial strain rate of 10-4 s-1.A bimodal γ grain-distribution microstructure of TiA1 alloy sheet,with abundant nano-scale or sub-micron γ laths embed-ded inside β matrix,exhibits an impressive superplastic behaviour.This inhomogeneous microstructure shows low-temperature superplasticity with a strain-rate sensitivity exponent of m =0.27 at 800 ℃,which is the lowest temperature of superplastic deformation for TiAl alloys attained so far.The maximum elongation reaches ～360％ at 900 ℃ with an initial strain rate of 2.0 × 10-4 s-1.To elucidate the softening mechanism of the disordered β phase during superplastic deformation,the changes of phase composi-tion were investigated up to 1000 ℃ using in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) in this study.The results indicate that β phase does not undergo the transformation from an ordered L20 structure to a disordered A2 structure and cannot coordinate superplastic deformation as a lubricant.Based on the microstructural evolution and occurrence of both y and β dynamic recrystallization (DR) after tensile tests as characterized with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD),the superplastic deformation mecha-nism can be explained by the combination of DR and grain boundary slipping (GBS).In the early stage of superplastic deformation,DR is an important coordination mechanism as associated with the reduced cavitation and dislocation density with increasing tensile temperature.Sufficient DR can relieve stress concentration arising from dislocation piling-up at grain boundaries through the fragmentation from the original coarse structures into the fine equiaxed ones due to recrystallization,which further effectively suppresses apparent grain growth during superplastic deformation.At the late stage of superplastic de-formation,these equiaxed grains make GBS prevalent,which can effectively avoid intergranular cracking and is conducive to the further improvement in elongation.This study advances the understanding of the superplastic deformation mechanism of intermetallic TiAl alloy.     

Effect of Ca additions on microstructure and microhardness of an as-cast Mg-5.0 wt.% Al alloy

The effects of Ca additions (0.5-2.0 wt.%) on the microstructure and the microhardness of an as-cast Mg-5.0 wt.% Al alloy have been investigated. The coarse microstructure of the base alloy can be refined through adding Ca. DSC and TEM results showed that, as Ca additions increased up to 1.5 wt.% Ca, the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase was completely replaced by a (Al, Mg)₂Ca phase. The Vickers microhardness of the as-cast Mg-Al-Ca alloys increased with increasing Ca content. Tests on the Mg-5.0Al-2.0Ca (wt.%) alloy showed an indentation size effect, which was well described by Meyer's Law.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of novel Al-Y-Sc alloys with high thermal stability and electrical conductivity

The microstructure and mechanical properties of novel Al-Y-Sc alloys with high thermal stability and electrical conductivity were investigated.Eutectic Al3 Y-phase particles of size 100-200 nm were detected in the as-cast microstructure of the alloys.Al3 Y-phase particles provided a higher hardness to as cast alloys than homogenized alloys in the temperature range of 370-440℃.L12 precipitates of the Al3(ScxYy) phase were nucleated homogenously within the aluminium matrix and heterogeneously on the dislocations during annealing at 400℃.The average size of the L12 precipitates was 11±2 nm after annealing for 1 h,and 25-30 nm after annealing for 5 h,which led to a decrease in the hardness of the Al-0.2 Y-0.2 Sc alloy to15 HV.The recrystallization temperature exceeded 350℃and 450℃for the Al-0.2 Y-0.05 Sc and Al-0.2 Y-0.2 Sc alloys,respectively.The investigated alloys demonstrated good thermal stability of the hardness and tensile properties after annealing the rolled alloys at 200 and 300℃,due to fixing of the dislocations and grain boundaries by L12 precipitates and eutectic Al3 Y-phase particles.The good combination of strength,plasticity,and electrical conductivity of the investigated Al-0.2 Y-0.2 Sc alloys make it a promising candidate for electrical conductors.The alloys exhibited a yield stress of 177-183 MPa,ultimate tensile stress of 199-202 MPa,elongation of 15.2-15.8%,and electrical conductivity of 60.8%-61.5% IACS.     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材的超塑性工艺及变形机制

经过异步轧制工艺获得AZ31镁合金薄板。在300~450℃范围内,分别通过5×10-3,1×10-3s-1和5×10-4s-1不同应变速率进行高温拉伸实验研究其超塑性变形行为,计算应变速率敏感指数m值、超塑性变形激活能Q及门槛应力σ0值。通过EBSD分析和扫描电镜观察拉伸断裂后的断口形貌,分析AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形机制。结果表明:AZ31镁合金的塑性变形能力随着变形温度的升高及应变速率的降低而增强。当拉伸温度为400℃、m=0.72、应变速率为5×10-4s-1时,AZ31具有良好的超塑性,伸长率最大为206%。温度为400℃时,异步轧制AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形是以晶格扩散控制的晶界滑移和基面滑移共同完成的。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Ca-Nd Alloys Fabricated by Gravity Casting

The aims of this study are to investigate the effects of Nd addition in the Mg-Al-Ca alloys on microstructure and mechanical properties.Microstructure of as-cast Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy containing Nd consists ofα-Mg matrix, eutectic phase and Al-Nd rich intermetallic compound.As Nd addition was increased,α-Mg matrix morphology was changed from dendritic to equiaxed grains and average value of grain size was decreased.Nd addition to Mg-5Al-3Ca based alloys resulted in the formation of Al-Nd rich intermetallic compounds at grain boundary andα-Mg matrix grains.And these Al-Nd rich intermetallic compounds were dispersed homogeneously.In these alloys,two kinds of eutectic phases were observed,i.e.coarse irregular-shape structure at grain boundary and fine needle-shape structure in theα-Mg matrix grain.It is found that the ultimate strength showed the maximum value of 271 MPa at Mg-5Al-3Ca-2Nd alloy and elongation was decreased as the addition of Nd was increased.     

超塑性变形微观结构变化的研究

本文研究了A1-10Si-1Mg合金在超塑性拉伸过程中微观组织的变化。揭示出该合金在超塑性变形中随应变量增加,晶内位错密度增加,是由两方面原因造成的:一是晶粒长大和晶界上第二相粒子给晶界滑移造成困难,使晶内位错调节作用增强;二是晶粒内的第二相粒子阻碍了晶内位错运动使位错堆积在第二相粒子周围。     

Effects of calcium on the microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-5Li-3Al alloys

The as-cast Mg-5Li-3Al-xCa (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 wt.%) was prepared with vacuum induction melting furnace, then processed by hot extrusion. The microstructures and tensile properties were investigated. The results show that the grains of as-cast alloys were refined gradually with the increase of Ca content from 0.5 wt.% to 1 wt.%, while the Ca content increases to 1.5 wt.%, the grain size increases. The microstructures of investigated alloys were further refined after hot extrusion. Both as-cast and as-extruded Mg-5Li-3Al-0.5Ca alloys have the highest mechanical properties, which is mainly attributed to the grain refinement caused by the addition of Ca and the formation of strengthening phase, Al₄Ca. When the addition of Ca is up to 1-1.5 wt.%, the tensile properties of alloys are worsened due to the excessive (Mg, Al)₂Ca eutectic phase forming at grain boundary.     

Sb对Mg-5Al-2Sr合金组织和性能的影响

采用表面活性元素Sb微合金化的方法制备了Mg-5Al-2Sr-xSb(x=0,0.3,0.6,1.0)合金,通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和力学性能测试等方法研究了Sb含量对Mg-5Al-2Sr合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,Mg-5Al-2Sr-xSb合金铸态组织主要由枝晶α-Mg、沿晶界或分布在枝晶间的层状或离异共晶的Al4Sr相、块状三元Mg9Al3Sr相(τ相)和颗粒状SbSr2相组成,随着Sb含量的增加,Sb-Sr2相的数量逐渐增多,τ相逐渐减少.Sb的质量分数为0.6%时,断续分布的Al4Sr相和细小弥散分布的Sb-Sr2相能够提高Mg-5Al-2Sr合金的室温和高温(150℃)机械性能.     

Sb变质Mg-10Al合金的组织与力学性能

研究了不同Sb含量的Mg-10Al合金的微观组织及在室温和150℃高温下的力学性能。结果表明,加入适量的Sb,Mg-10Al合金中生成了弥散分布的针状Mg3Sb2相,α-Mg初晶显著细化,抑制了网状共晶组织的形成。当Sb含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,组织细化效果最佳。随着Sb含量的增加,室温及高温下合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率先升高后降低,均在Sb含量为0.5%(质量分数)时获得最佳综合性能。Mg-10Al-0.5Sb合金在150℃的抗拉强度为180MPa、伸长率为19%,比Mg-10Al合金分别提高了30%和90%。此外,在150℃条件下,含Sb合金仍保持了与其在室温下相当的强度,而未添加Sb的Mg-10Al合金的强度则明显下降。