7A52铝合金交流钨极氩弧焊焊接电流对焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用交流钨极氩弧焊对7A52铝合金板进行焊接,通过对不同焊接电流得到的焊接接头显微组织和显微硬度的分析,得出焊接电流对焊接接头组织性能的影响.试验结果表明,当焊接电流为140～160 A时,得到的焊缝组织较均匀,晶粒排列较紧密,焊接接头性能较好.     

ZTC4钛合金电子束焊接接头的组织及力学性能

通过室温拉伸试验、显微硬度测试和金相检验对ZTC4铸造钛合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:焊缝区到母材的显微硬度逐渐降低,显微组织由细针状α+β基体过渡到板条状α+β基体;选择适当的焊接参数,可获得性能良好的ZTC4电子束焊接接头,其抗拉强度与母材相当,但不同试样性能数据较为分散,需对接头进行后续处理或提高原材料冶金质量以保证焊接接头性能的稳定性。     

Ti75合金激光焊接接头的组织及力学性能

采用10 kW的连续光纤激光器对3 mm厚的Ti75合金板进行激光焊接,通过调整不同的激光功率来获得全熔透的焊接接头.同时,观察了不同热输入下焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观组织,测试了焊接接头的力学性能和显微硬度,对接头不同部位的组织特征及成形原因进行了分析.结果表明,随着焊接过程中激光功率的增加,焊缝的宽度逐渐变大,在不同...     

厚板7022铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接实验研究

对10mm厚度的7022铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接,获得表面光滑的焊接接头,并通过X射线检测焊缝无裂纹和气孔。研究该搅拌摩擦焊接头不同区域的显微组织特征,并通过拉伸、冲击和硬度试验分析了焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,焊缝处组织为细小均匀的等轴晶粒;在搅拌头转速为400r/min,焊接速度为100mm/min时焊接接头的抗拉强度、屈服强度均比母材高;焊接接头的冲击韧性比母材高;焊接接头显微硬度比母材稍低,焊接接头具有良好的力学性能。     

焊接工艺对S32205双相不锈钢组织和性能的影响

为确定合理的焊接工艺及焊接材料,使S32205双相不锈钢的焊接接头具有预期的显微组织和相比例,以保证该双相不锈钢的焊接接头具有较强的耐腐蚀性能,分析研究了该材料在不同焊接工艺下产生的显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,以期对实际生产中双相不锈钢的焊接起到指导作用。     

Ti17合金电子束焊接接头的性能及组织分析

分析了Ti17合金真空电子柬焊接接头的显微组织结构及其显微硬度分布规律，并结合室温和高温拉伸试验结果分析了焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明，用电子束焊接方法焊接的Ti17合金其焊缝区和热影响区显微组织为β相基体上分布着细长针状α相，母材为典型的α＋β双相网篮组织，焊后焊缝晶粒细化，焊接接头的焊缝区硬度最高，焊缝的抗拉强度和缺口敏感性均高于母材。     

焊接金相

<正> 对于一定的结构而言,焊接质量与金属的可焊性,焊接材料的选择和焊接工艺等因素有密切关系,而这些因素又必定在在焊接接头部位的宏观组织与显微组织中反映出来。所以利用金相分析的方法来检查焊接接头的组织(宏观组织与显微组织)与某些焊接缺陷。分析熔焊时,焊接接头的结晶,固态下的转变,组织与性能的关系以及判断缺陷的位置、来源,了解某些破裂的成因,对严格控制焊接接头的质量来说,是颇有意义的。比如就船体钢的焊接而     

铜/钢异种材料等离子弧焊接头显微组织分析

为实现铜/钢异种材料的优质连接,研究了铜/钢焊接接头的显微组织特点及其组成,试验采用LHM-200等离子弧焊系统对紫铜(T2)与不锈钢(304)异种材料进行焊接,然后通过光学金相显微镜及能谱分析仪,观察分析接头显微组织,研究其接头组织结构及组成.研究结果表明:铜/钢异种材料的等离子弧焊焊缝在铜一侧为平直的,而在钢一侧则为半χ型,在铜侧界面形成漩涡状;在焊接接头的形成过程中铜元素的迁移和扩散主要依靠钢液的流动所带动;焊接接头显微组织主要为奥氏体组织,弥散分布着块状和粒状的铜和钢的固溶体组织,和黑色鱼骨状的α相铁素体组织;焊缝区组织主要是以α、γ富铁相和ε富铜相固溶体组织的形式存在.通过实现发现最佳的焊接参数为:保护气流量与离子气流量分别为0.25 L/min和0.75 L/min,焊接电流为65 A,焊接速度为4 mm/s,焊接后的接头抗拉强度能达到174 MPa.     

活性剂对铁素体不锈钢A-TIG接头熔深及组织性能研究

目的 选用430铁素体不锈钢作为研究对象,对比研究添加SiO2、TiO2、Cr2O3和未添加活性剂对A-TIG焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。方法 采用3种活性剂涂覆在430铁素体不锈钢上进行A-TIG试验,分析活性剂对接头熔深、组织、性能、元素含量的影响情况。结果 同一焊接工艺参数下,活性剂的加入均能提高焊缝的熔深和深宽比,减少熔宽;其中,SiO2为活性剂时获得了最佳的焊缝几何形貌。同时,对比常规TIG焊接(未添加活性剂)接头的显微组织及力学性能可知,活性剂的加入并未改变焊接接头的显微组织且无新相的生成;活性剂的添加能够细化接头组织,从而使得接头硬度有所提高。结论 活性剂的加入能够显著增加铁素体不锈钢TIG焊缝熔深,改善接头组织,提高接头硬度。     

不同焊接方法焊接Ti-22Al-25Nb合金

脉冲钨极惰性气体焊接方法、活性剂钨极惰性气体焊接方法和超音频脉冲钨极惰性气体焊接方法分别用于焊接Ti-22Al-25Nb合金。对不同焊接方法获得的焊接接头进行显微组织观察、拉伸性能测试和显微硬度测量。脉冲钨极惰性气体焊接接头的熔合区中柱状晶很少,热影响区中晶界严重过烧;活性剂钨极惰性气体焊接接头完全焊透,在其熔合区的柱状晶是无序排列的;超音频脉冲钨极惰性气体焊接接头的焊缝中心有一小块区域是等轴晶,且在热影响区附近没有明显的晶界过烧现象。通过分析比较观察和测试的结果,发现使用超音频脉冲钨极惰性气体焊接方法获得的焊接接头是最优的,具有最高的抗拉强度和显微硬度。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.