水合作用对阳极氧化多孔Al2O3/Al载体晶态的影响

通过阳极氧化法制备出多孔氧化铝板状催化剂载体,考察了不同水合条件对多孔氧化铝膜性能的影响,并通过TG、XRD、SEM和BET等分析手段研究了Al2O3/Al的晶态形成规律.实验结果表明,最佳水合温度为80℃,非晶态氧化铝发生反应生成AlOOH,经过500℃焙烧可以完全转化为γ-Al2O3.经过水合后制备的γ-Al2O3/Al板状催化剂载体在高温水蒸气氛围下晶型结构稳定性能好.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合光催化剂及其表征

以钛酸四正丁酯为钛源,异丙醇铝为铝源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂,考察其对甲基橙的吸附性能和在紫外光照射下的光催化活性。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附等对催化剂的晶相结构、化学组成及BET比表面积和孔径分布等进行了表征。结果表明TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂由TiO2和Al2O3组成,其中TiO2为单一的锐钛矿晶相,Al2O3为非晶态,Al2O3的存在可抑制TiO2晶粒的生长。在n(Ti)/n(Al)=12,500℃煅烧3h制得的TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂比表面积达99.21m2/g,平均孔径为22.39nm,累计孔容积为0.4493cm3/g。在500℃煅烧制得的复合光催化剂具有最佳的光催化活性和吸附性能。与纯TiO2相比,相同条件下TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂的光催化活性和吸附性能都有较大提高。     

基于非水解sol-gel法的碳热还原氮化合成氮化铝超细粉体

以无水氯化铝和异丙醚为原料,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备出氧化铝凝胶。其经800℃煅烧才析出少量γ-Al2O3晶体,γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3晶型转变在1200℃附近,经900℃煅烧后比表面积仍高达145m2/g,具有介孔结构。以该高活性氧化铝凝胶作为铝源,采用碳热还原氮化工艺合成氮化铝粉体。结果表明,氧化铝凝胶经300℃预煅烧,按n(C)/n(Al)=7.8与碳黑混合,在流量80mL/min高纯N2中,于1450℃还原氮化2h便可合成出平均粒径在400nm的高纯六方相AlN粉体。     

改性γ-Al_2O_3纳米颗粒的制备

在由机械研磨2 h的Al粉经超声波作用下发生水解反应、干燥、焙烧后制备Al2O3的过程中,用蔗糖、研磨13 h的Zn粉和Ag+分别作为辅助剂制得具有高比表面积的γ-Al2O3,并考察改性后对γ-Al2O3织构的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面测定(BET)等技术对介孔纳米γ-Al2O3样品进行表征。结果表明,γ-Al2O3不但具有高的比表面积,而且孔径分布较为集中。通过改变蔗糖的用量、Zn粉纳米颗粒和Ag+,在一定程度上对γ-Al2O3的比表面积和孔结构等进行调控。     

室温离子液体辅助制备中孔γ-Al2O3

液相反应条件下,以薄姆石溶胶为铝源,室温离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM][BF4])存在下制备了晶态结构中孔γ-Al2O3.采用N2物理吸附,X射线衍射,透射电子显微镜,27Al魔角固体核磁共振对所制备的样品进行了结构表征.结果表明:通过调节[BMIM][BF4]的用量,得到了孔道结构呈脚手架状、比表面积较大、平均孔径在12nm左右、孔容在1.0cm3/g以上,孔径分布较宽的介孔氧化铝;[BMIM][BF4]加入能够明显改善氧化铝的孔道结构.     

γ-Al2O3载体研究进展

氧化铝催化剂载体领域中,γ-Al2O3应用最为广泛.综述了γ-Al2O3载体的主要研究方向方面的进展:制备工艺低成本化、孔结构控制、提高载体稳定性和制备超细γ-Al2O3,并指出结合制备方法的改善,开发出大比表面积、适宜孔径分布及热稳定性和抗水合性良好的γ-Al2O3载体,同时发展纳米γ-Al2O3以满足实际生产的需要.     

纳米氧化铝的晶型及粒度对其红外光谱的影响

利用硫酸铝铵热解法,通过控制焙烧温度,制备了不同晶型和粒度的纳米Al2O3.XRD物相分析表明,焙烧至900℃可得到纯γ-Al2O3,1200℃发生相转变,生成α-Al2O3.用Scherrer公式计算得到了各样品的晶粒度.对所制备的纳米Al2O3的红外光谱进行了详细研究.结果表明,不同晶型的纳米Al2O3具有不同的红外光谱特征,因此,红外光谱可以作为一种定性判断Al2O3是否发生了相转变的辅助手段.实验中发现所制备的纳米Al2O3的红外光谱存在吸收峰的蓝移和宽化,对出现此现象的原因进行了分析讨论.最后,对纳米金属氧化物材料出现谱移现象的原因进行了归纳总结.     

固体酸对介孔氧化铝导电性能影响

在介孔氧化铝(Al2O3)中掺杂固体酸硫酸氢铯(CsHSO4)制备具有高质子导电性能的材料.通过SEM、XRD表征其孔道形貌和晶型特点,采用氮吸脱附测试孔径大小和比表面积等性能参数,运用TG-DSC研究材料的热稳定性及水含量,并应用交流阻抗法测试材料导电率.结果表明,以仲丁醇铝为铝源,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成孔径约为25nm的介孔γ-Al2O3材料,材料具有介孔大小均匀、比表面积大、热稳定性高等特点;掺杂固体酸后,介孔Al2O3的导电率在低温范围提高一个数量级,热分析结果进一步证实固体酸的添加使介孔Al2O3的吸水率提高,从而使质子传导的速率增加,最终提高固体酸掺杂介孔Al2O3的导电率.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备致密α-Al2O3涂层的研究

以异丙醇铝为前驱物,水为溶剂,硝酸为胶溶剂,用分散法制得了稳定透明的氧化铝溶胶,并用降液法制得了氧化铝凝胶涂层,经热处理后最终获得Al2O3涂层.利用TG-DTA分析了氧化铝凝胶向Al2O3的转变过程.XRD分析表明所获得的涂层为α-Al2O3晶型结构.SEM分析表明所制得的涂层致密均匀,无开裂,并且涂层与基底结合良好.因而该法是一种简单易行的制备致密α-Al2O3涂层的好方法.     

氧化铝的制备方式对催化元件性能的影响

以Al2(SO4)3·18H2O为原料,研究了氧化铝的不同制备方式对催化元件性能的影响。结果表明:以Al2(SO4)3为原料制备氧化铝时,粉料中残存的SO42-对催化剂进行了预中毒处理,使元件保持了较好的抗H2S中毒的能力。在以Al2(SO4)3为原料制备氧化铝的过程中,经过在PH为9～10的氨水中加热陈化处理,易于得到γ-Al2O3的晶相。以γ-Al2O3为载体所制备的催化元件,拥有较好的抗硅中毒能力。抗硅中毒能力强的催化元件,在长期使用过程中,可保持较好的工作稳定性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.