基于Landsat 8的开采全周期矿区地表温度反演

为研究非充填开采与充填开采两种开采方式对矿区地表温度影响的差异性,以袁店二矿83、82采区为例、Landsat 8 TIRS为数据源,利用辐射传导方程法(大气校正法)分别对两个采区进行地表温度反演,根据地表温度变化规律判断两种开采方式对地物的影响。研究表明:1)非充填与充填两种开采方式均对各种地物类型造成不同程度的影响;2)不考虑气温对地表温度的影响,非充填开采导致水体温度下降,且下降速率高于充填开采区域,两种开采方式影响下裸地区域地表温度均呈上升趋势;3)充填开采方式作用下水体与植被区域地表温度均高于非充填开采区域;4)两种开采方式作用下建筑物区域的地表温度无显著变化。     

应用有限差分法的轴向流作用下壁板的失稳分析

基于势流理论建立壁板流固耦合系统的连续型运动方程。采用有限差分法对连续型运动方程进行离散化,再把流场势函数用板的横向振动位移变量来表示,得到关于板的横向振动位移变量的控制方程。通过求解控制方程的广义特征值,对轴向流作用下壁板的稳定性进行分析。结果表明:两端简支模型发生屈曲失稳。给出了特定参数条件下壁板的屈曲失稳临界速度。     

近水平煤层开采沉陷预计的双曲线剖面函数法

根据近水平煤层开采地表移动盆地特征,提出了一种主断面移动变形的双曲线型拟合函数,推导了倾斜、曲率的计算公式.采用FLAC3D软件对某一煤层进行了模拟开采,获得了走向和倾向主断面地表每隔20 m的监测点的下沉量.采用1stOpt1.5软件编写了计算程序,对模拟开采得到的下沉曲线用提出的双曲线型函数进行了曲线拟合,拟合结果显示,走向主断面相关系数为0.99,最大残差为8 mm,倾向主断面相关系数为0.99,最大残差为10 mm,说明拟合效果较好.将走向与倾向主断面下沉曲线公式融合,给出了沉陷盆地内任意坐标点下沉量的计算公式,用MATLAB软件绘制了下沉盆地三维曲线图.结果表明:与其他剖面函数方法比较,该拟合函数参数少且容易求取,对近水平煤层开采下沉盆地的描述更为简便.     

碳酸盐岩剖面地层孔隙压力计算方法研究

从等效深度法的基本原理出发，重点讨论了碳酸盐岩剖面地层正常压实趋势线的构建问题，并利用所构建的正常压实趋势方程对川东飞仙关组碳酸盐岩剖面裂缝．孔隙型储层的地层孔隙压力进行了预测。结果表明，等效深度法对碳酸盐岩剖面的地层孔隙压力预测同样也有一定的实用性。     

钢-混组合梁荷载-温度效应的统一解析模型

基于欧拉伯努利梁理论,提出非均布荷载、轴向力、梁端弯矩和非线性温度分布共同作用下的有滑移组合梁统一解析模型,推导组合梁挠度、界面剪力、滑移及截面应力的计算公式,开展简支组合梁和连续组合梁算例分析,讨论界面刚度和温度作用对界面滑移和挠度的影响.研究结果表明,组合梁温度作用产生的挠度与界面滑移由等效温度滑移应变和等效温度曲率决定,可以通过将桥面板与钢梁的温度分布各自分解为有效温度、竖向线性温差和残余温度等相互独立的3部分进行计算.简支梁和2跨连续梁算例在温度作用下的界面滑移沿梁长呈现反对称分布,滑移主要集中在距端部小于2 m的范围内,受滑移的影响,组合梁端部桥面板底面的拉应力水平较高,可以超过2 MPa,增加了底面混凝土开裂的风险.提出了温度作用下界面滑移组合梁的挠度影响系数,可以用于组合梁挠度的快速计算,其大小不仅与界面完全连接与界面无连接时组合梁的抗弯刚度比和组合效应系数有关,还受温度作用系数的直接影响.     

开采沉陷数据的可视化研究

利用C#语言实现了煤矿开采地表移动与变形等值线（下沉、倾斜、曲率、水平移动、水平变形）的绘制,在此基础上进行了影响区域任意两点间的剖面线的绘制,基本实现了开采沉陷数据的可视化,可对采区上方建筑物进行了破坏等级划分,从而判别建筑物是否受到地下开采的影响以及受到开采影响的程度。     

非完美界面复合材料的驻值原理与相应变分方程等价的充分条件

当界面非完美时,复合材料的能量泛函必须计入非完美界面效应,该效应以界面积分项形式出现。与完美界面不同的是,由于这个积分项的引入,非完美界面复合材料的驻值原理不再与相应的变分方程等价。这在理论上是不完整的。本文基于驻值原理对界面积分项作出整体假定,由此得到了非完美界面复合材料驻值原理与相应变分方程等价的充分条件,指出了实现这种假设所必须的界面几何形状性质。     

开采沉陷区天然气井避让距离控制预测方法研究

为了优化采煤工作面与天然气井间的避让距离,以鄂尔多斯盆地天然气与煤炭资源交叉开采区为工程背景,基于概率积分法提出充分采动下覆岩沉降曲线的高斯函数方程,建立采煤工作面与天然气井间协调开采合理避让距离的预测方法模型,并采用数值分析和工程应用等方法进行对比验证.结果表明:开采沉陷作用下天然气井侧向变形曲线与指数函数拟合,地表下沉曲线与高斯函数拟合;采煤工作面与天然气井间避让距离的预测方法,兼顾天然气井和采煤活动安全的前提下,较大缩短采煤工作面避让距离;合理调节缺乏天然气-煤炭共采机制下的协调开采问题,为气煤重叠区内天然气井的布置方式提供新方法,为煤系共伴生资源的协调开采提供新思路.     

离子敏场效应晶体管的理论模型

本文的目的是分析溶液同ISFET界面的情况以及界面状态同晶体管输出的关系。从电化学的观点,认为敏感层同溶液的界面可分为两种:极性和非极性界面。如果电荷可以通过这种界面,它即是非极性的,其电学行为相当于一个电阴。界面势的大小决定于电子或离子间的交换,服从能斯特方程。如果电荷不能通过这种界面,它即是极性的,其电学行为等效一个电容。界面势的大小决定于对带电粒子的表面吸附或偶极分子的定向排布,服从于吉布斯—李普曼方程。文章还讨论了绝缘层的电学完整性。     

工作面过断层动态力学响应特征研究

通过构建工作面过断层数值模型,研究开采扰动条件下断层动态力学响应特征,并分析采场矿压显现与断层损伤滑移互馈机制.研究表明:工作面逐步向断层推进过程中,断层损伤变量增长迅速,断层应力阻隔效应明显,上下盘位移沿断层面出现不连续现象,煤层应力呈现二次缓慢升高随后下降趋势.开采扰动条件下断层围岩力学响应中断层损伤变量变化早于煤层支承压力,可作为监测断层滑移的一个敏感指标.最后对不同开采条件下断层损伤变量进行了回归分析,确定水平应力、断层内摩擦角、工作面距断层距离为开采扰动诱发断层损伤滑移主控因素,而采厚、垂直应力等因素对断层损伤滑移影响不明显.     

An influence function method based subsidence prediction program for longwall mining operations in inclined coal seams

The distribution of the final surface subsidence basin induced by longwall operations in inclined coal seam could be significantly different from that in flat coal seam and demands special prediction methods. Though many empirical prediction methods have been developed, these methods are inflexible for varying geological and mining conditions. An influence function method has been developed to take the advantage of its fundamentally sound nature and flexibility. In developing this method, significant modifications have been made to the original Knothe function to produce an asymmetrical influence function. The empirical equations for final subsidence parameters derived from US subsidence data and Chinese empirical values have been incorporated into the mathematical models to improve the prediction accuracy. A corresponding computer program is developed. A number of subsidence cases for longwall mining operations in coal seams with varying inclination angles have been used to demonstrate the applicability of the developed subsidence prediction model.     

矸石充填采煤覆岩移动的弹性地基梁模型分析

基于弹性基础梁解析方法,考虑顶板岩梁触矸前的下沉,建立了长壁工作面采空区矸石充填顶板岩梁力学模型,推导了岩梁下沉基本微分方程,实验得出矸石地基系数为26～127MN/m3.分析了矸石充填条件下矿压显现规律及影响因素、岩梁下沉与地表下沉的关系,结果表明:工作面煤壁后方10～20m后顶板岩梁下沉就接近最大值,矸石地基系数是影响采空区顶板下沉最重要的因素,煤壁附近充填矸石承受的压力随地基系数变化而变化,减少地表下沉最有效的途径是增加kg值和减小W1值,控制煤层之上直接顶板的下沉是控制地表下沉的关键.在煤厚2.1m、埋深437m的条件下工业试验表明,W1可以减少至12～64mm,实测的地表最大下沉平均值为253mm,与解析法预测的261mm很接近.     

Time function of surface subsidence based on Harris model in mined-out area

The surface subsidence is a common environmental hazard in mined-out area. Based on careful analysis of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area, we proposed a new time function based on Harris curve model in consideration of the shortage of current surface subsidence time functions. By analyzing the characteristics of the new time function, we found that it could meet the dynamic process, the velocity change process and the acceleration change process during surface subsidence. Then its rationality had been verified through project cases. The results show that the proposed time function model can give a good reflection of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area and can accurately predict surface subsidence. And the prediction data of the model are a little greater than measured data on condition of proper measured data quantity, which is safety in the engineering. This model provides a new method for the analysis of surface subsidence in mined-out area and reference for future prediction, and it is valuable to engineering application.     

条带开采沉陷预计误差的实测纠偏方法

根据近水平煤层条带开采覆岩移动变形机制和下沉盆地的对称性,提出了近水平煤层条带开采沉陷预计误差的实测纠偏方法,编制了条带开采沉陷预计误差实测纠偏方法的计算机软件.利用前岭煤矿条带开采的地表下沉实测数据验证了该方法的可靠性,基于415工作面和413工作面采后的下沉曲线,应用实测纠偏方法预计的411工作面采后下沉曲线与实测曲线的误差小于±16mm.     

开采沉陷盆地下沉等值线函数—超椭圆函数

本文提出了开采沉陷盆地的下沉等值线为超椭圆函数,给出了参数的确定方法,并对实测资料进行了拟合计算。文中还根据积分中值定理证明了应用概率积分法求得的下沉等值线是椭圆形或圆形。     

水平煤层半无限开采时沉陷参数误差对下沉预计结果精度的影响

本文依据误差理论，系统地分析了水平煤层半无限开采时概率积分法、威布尔分布法和样条概率积分法的参数误差对下沉预计结果精度的影响，弄清了预计结果精度的分布规律，评述了它们的优缺点，并指出了改进措施。本文的研究结果对开采沉陷观测站设计、开采沉陷参数及计算模型的识别具有指导意义。     

Extracting mining subsidence land from remote sensing images based on domain knowledge

Extracting mining subsidence land from RS images is one of important research contents for environment monitoring in mining area. The accuracy of traditional extracting models based on spectral features is low. In order to extract subsidence land from RS images with high accuracy, some domain knowledge should be imported and new models should be proposed. This paper, in terms of the disadvantage of traditional extracting models, imports domain knowledge from practice and experience, converts semantic knowledge into digital information, and proposes a new model for the specific task. By selecting Luan mining area as study area, this new model is tested based on GIS and related knowledge. The result shows that the proposed method is more pre- cise than traditional methods and can satisfy the demands of land subsidence monitoring in mining area.     

Subsidence History of the Eastern Depression in the North Yellow Sea Basin

Using a back-stripping method, our paper simulated the subsidence history of the eastern depression in the North Yellow Sea Basin. The subsidence history curve pattern and the subsidence chorisogram during every subsiding period were exposed. Combining with the regional geologic background and the distribution features of the subsiding centers in every period, a contrasting study of the pattern and the classical subsidence history curves shows the subsidence history is made up of Mesozoic （J3-K1） and Cenozoic （E2-Q） subsiding cycles. The two subsiding cycles are separated by the late Cretaceous and Paleocene （K2-E1） uplift denudation. Both subsiding cycles have the characteristics of an extension basin. The rapid subsidence during the late Jurassic and Eocene is equivalent to the initial subsiding phases in both cycles.. The slow subsidence of both, the early Cretaceous and Neogene, can be regarded as thermal subsidence phases.     

Subsidence control method by inversely-inclined slicing and upward mining for ultra-thick steep seams

Ultra-thick steep coal seam mining will inevitably lead to the increase of greater and violent ground subsidence and deformation. A subsidence control method by inversely-inclined slicing and upward mining is proposed in this paper. By this method, the sequence of collapse of overlying strata and the direction of propagation of strata movement are changed, the extent of roof-side deformation thereby is lessened, and boundary angle of roof-side subsidence is reduced by 5°–10°. The mechanism of this mining method for control of strata movement has been evidenced by numerical simulation and experiments with similarity materials. A subsidence prediction model based on the variation of mining influence propagation angle can be used to evaluate the surface movement and deformation of the mining method. The application of the method in No.3 Mine in Yaojie mining area has yielded the expected result.     

高密度电法在地面塌陷勘察中的应用

地面塌陷是一种常见的地质灾害之一,极大地危害人民生命及财产的安全.高密度电法是新兴的地球物理勘探方法,可广泛应用于灾害地质调查及工程勘察中.作者应用高密度电法对烽火村岩溶地面塌陷进行了勘察,对不同时代的地层分界线进行了划分,并对土层扰动、断层破碎带和岩溶进行了探测,取得了较好的地质效果,同时对其成因进行了初步探讨,为进一步认识地面塌陷及其治理提供了科学依据.