基于不同失稳机理的动态无功补偿装置的配置

从输电网功角失稳和配电网电压失稳的不同机理出发,对动态无功补偿装置在输、配电网络中不同配置进行了探索性的分析.对于输电网,根据系统失稳时临界割集处电压降低幅度大的特点,提出在输电网的临界割集或附近安装STATCOM装置,其原因在于STATCOM装置受端电压变化影响小,在功角失稳前电压降得很低时仍能提供较大感性无功功率;...     

Voltage stability boundary and margin enhancement with FACTS and HVDC

Voltage stability is a major concern of today’s power system, especially under heavily loaded conditions because of reactive power limits. FACTs devices are very effective solution to prevent voltage instability and voltage collapse due to fast and very flexible control. In this paper, the impacts of SVC, STATCOM, TCSC and HVDC on voltage stability boundary (VSB) in P–Q plane have been studied. The bus impedance matrix and load flow results are used to find the voltage stability boundary. The Z_bus is modified to take into account the effect of FACTS on VSB. The variable susceptance model for SVC and variable series impedance power flow model for TCSC are used in Newton Raphson’s method. The STATCOM is modelled as variable voltage source connected in series with an equivalent impedance of the shunt connected transformer. Similarly HVDC is also modelled as two STATCOMs connected at each end of the line one as rectifier and another as inverter. Some important bus and line stability indices are evaluated to determine the most effective location for SVC/STATCOM and TCSC/HVDC respectively in order to achieve the maximum enhancement of voltage stability margin. The study has been carried out on IEEE-14 bus and IEEE-30 bus test systems using MATLAB programming. A comprehensive study is done to compare the effectiveness of FACTS devices and HVDC on voltage stability margins.     

静止同步补偿器与传统静止无功补偿器的比较与分析

随着灵活交流输变电(FACTS)技术的不断发展,出现了很多新型的FACTS装置。比如基于全控型电力电子器件(如GTO晶闸管与IGBT等)的STATCOM就是其中之一,它与传统的补偿器SVC相比在技术上有着很多的优势。介绍FACTS装置中的STATCOM与SVC,并对它们在电压支撑、动态仿真、控制方法、谐波和经济性等方面进行综合分析与比较。     

FACTS对多机系统静态电压稳定性的影响

针对一个两区域薄弱互连的4机系统,利用负荷裕度指标和P－U曲线平坦度指标,衡量了FACTS设备对系统静态电压稳定性的影响。连续潮流法潮流计算结果表明SVC,STATCOM,TCSC等3种FACTS设备都可以在不同程度上改善系统的静态电压稳定性,改善的效果与设备参数的选取有关。对于所研究的4机系统,为了提高系统的静态电压稳定性,装设TCSC进行串联补偿可以取得比装设SVC,STATCOM进行并联补偿更好的效果。     

扩展二级电压的多Agent协调控制

基于多Agent系统的分布式协调机制,研究了发生事故的紧急情况下综合考虑多种类型电压控制器(AVR,SVC,STATCOM)的扩展二级电压协调控制。在应用一种慢相关技术将电力系统划分为多个电压控制区的基础上,提出了多Agent间进行任务协助请求时的选择原则,确定了Agent间的协调机制。以装设2台SVC,2台STATCOM和10台发电机AVR的新英格兰系统为例进行数字仿真,结果验证了该控制方案的有效性和灵活性。     

Comparing secondary voltage regulation and shunt compensation for improving voltage stability and transfer capability in the Italian power system

This paper concentrates on comparing the advantages and disadvantages, including costs, of using secondary voltage regulation (SVR) versus using shunt-connected controllers, in particular mechanical switched capacitors (MSC), static var compensators (SVC) and static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), to improve voltage stability (VS) and the external transfer capability (TC) of the Italian power network. Basic VS and TC concepts and tools, as well as the models of the various controllers, particularly SVR, used to obtain the results presented are described in detail. The model of the Italian system used and the assumptions made for these studies are also discussed. The paper demonstrates that SVR is an option that should be seriously considered in practice when trying to improve VS and TC of power systems.     

矿热炉混合无功补偿系统优化协调控制研究

为解决矿热炉给电网中其他用户带来的电能质量问题,尤其是电压跌落和电压闪变,提出了一种由FC、SVC和STATCOM组成的混合无功补偿系统。其中FC负责低层低成本无功补偿;SVC负责跟踪补偿无功功率变化,改善三相不平衡;STATCOM则通过快速响应来补偿SVC由于响应速度慢而导致的补偿误差,从而提高整个混合补偿系统的补偿精度。三者通过系统规则判断进行协调控制。对混合无功补偿系统进行仿真试验,分析对比了系统投入前后的电压波形,证明其补偿效果等效于等容量的STATCOM。     

SVC和STATCOM比较及其在西电东送线路应用

SVC和STATCOM都是常见的FACTS装置,具有良好的动态无功补偿能力。本文对其多种性能指标进行了比较,然后选取南方电网西电东送线路中装设有SVC或STATCOM的变电站,仿真研究在SVC或STATCOM装设前后变电站的稳态电压调控和故障电压变化。结果证明,这两种FACTS装置均有助于调节变电站母线电压,并增强了故障下的电压支撑能力,明显改善了西电东送线路的电压水平。     

大容量STATCOM对于受端直流换流站运行与故障特性影响

500 kV永富直流工程富宁换流站安装了3套百兆乏级的STATCOM装置,以解决受端弱系统的动态无功不足问题。通过分析STATCOM在交流滤波器投入过程中的逆向控制及在交流瞬时故障恢复中的暂态支撑作用,对STATCOM的控制策略和响应特性进行详细阐述。通过整理STATCOM设计研究和现场试验过程中的数据,对STATCOM的特性进行验证,同时结合富宁换流站"01.10"人工交流短路试验引起的STATCOM跳闸事件,剖析STATCOM暂态闭锁和故障退出的原因。揭示了大容量STATCOM装置对受端直流换流站运行特性的影响。通过STATCOM的协调配合和暂态控制,降低直流换相失败和扰动的风险,同时提出了STATCOM的控制策略优化措施。通过对STATCOM在富宁换流站的响应特性研究,证明富宁换流站3套STATCOM对直流系统的稳定运行提供了支撑作用。     

基于PSS/E的动态无功补偿装置机电暂态仿真模型

详细介绍了美国PTI公司开发的PSS／E仿真软件所提供的动态无功补偿装置模型,包括CSVGN1,CSVGN3,CSVGN4,CSVGN5,CSVGN6,CSSCST等静止无功补偿器模型以及CSTATT,CSTCNT等静止同步补偿器模型。并将这些模型应用到四机两区域实例系统的机电暂态仿真中,说明静止无功补偿器和静止同步补偿器模型如何在PSS／E中实现,仿真结果同时说明了动态无功补偿装置在维持电压稳定方面起到很好的作用。     

SVC与STATCOM联合运行协调控制设计与仿真

针对静止无功补偿器（SVC）装置无法抑制电压闪变的缺点,提出了一种新型SVC与静止同步补偿器（STATCOM）构成的混杂装置以及基于模糊预测的联合运行方案,即利用小容量STATCOM抑制闪变配合大容量SVC补偿无功。对于抑制电压不平衡问题,探索了SVC分相控制的实现方法和效果。对含有混杂装置的单机无穷大系统的仿真结果验证了协调控制策略的有效性以及不平衡控制方法的正确性。     

Influence of distribution voltage control methods on maximum capacity of distributed generators

Recently, the number of distributed generators (DGs) connected to distribution systems has been increasing. It is important to know how large a generator output is permitted when the generators are connected to a distribution system with regulation of the line voltage, the line current, and the power factor of the generator connection point. The authors demonstrate differences of maximum output of the DGs caused by various voltage control systems in a short‐length system and a long‐length system by load flow calculation. The voltage regulation systems include the following six types: no control equipment, SVC (Static Var Compensator), existing SVR (Step Voltage Regulator), reverse flow type SVR which operates even in reverse flow, existing SVR and SVC, and reverse flow type SVR and SVC. A synchronous generator is considered as a DG in this paper. The calculation results show that the DG's maximum output is about 3300 kW in a short‐length system and about 540 kW in a long‐length system. However, the DG's maximum output increases to about 3750 kW on installing a SVC, and the SVC's capacity decreases on replacing an existing SVR with a reverse power flow type SVR in the long‐length system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 8–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20050     

STATCOM与SVC在电力系统运行中的比较分析

静止无功补偿器（SVC）和静止同步补偿器（STATCOM）是2种常见的新型柔性交流技术装置,在输出特性、对提高输电系统稳定性、响应时间、谐波分析、经济性等方面对STATCOM和SVC进行了比较,并通过仿真得出了STATCOM较SVC具有响应速度快,控制方法先进、电流谐波含量少、经济性好等优点。     

FACTS装置在风电场中的无功补偿原理与仿真

分析风电场并网运行存在的无功补偿及电压稳定问题的产生机理,在固定电容器组作为一种传统的无功补偿方法逐渐显现弊端时,将柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)设备运用到风电场以提高其运行的稳定性。以恒速恒频异步风力发电机为研究对象,采用变桨距控制方式。以Matlab/Simulink为平台,实现风电场的电气输电系统、各种风速的建模。在各种风速扰动和电网故障的情况下,分别对加入静止无功补偿器和静止同步补偿器的风电场进行仿真,得到的结果可以证明两者在风电场无功补偿方面的积极作用,并对两者的性能优劣进行对比。     

功率调节与STATCOM输出电压关系的灵敏度分析

为定量分析静止无功补偿器(STATCOM)传递功率与其交流侧输出电压之间的关系,采用了基于灵敏度的分析方法。以基尔霍夫电压定律为基础,列写了STATCOM系统的电压相量方程,并根据实部与虚部得到两个独立等式。通过计算STATCOM交流侧输出电压有效值与相角对有功功率和无功功率的偏导数,求出了相应的灵敏度。灵敏度计算结果表明,当系统侧电压、线路参数均不变时,STATCOM交流侧输出电压有效值和相角均主要受无功功率的影响,受有功功率影响较小。同时用直接求取法计算STATCOM交流侧输出电压,通过与灵敏度法的计算结果进行数值比较,验证灵敏度分析方法的准确性。     

含STATCOM的双馈风电场无功协调补偿策略

双馈异步发电机(DFIG)可以参与系统无功功率的调节,但其无功补偿作用有限,为了实现DFIG的恒功率因数模式运行,仍需要多种无功补偿装置(如FACTS装置、固定电容器)间的无功协调补偿。针对无功补偿装置不同的补偿特性,本文提出了一种含STATCOM的无功协调补偿策略,适用于解决风速波动期间STATCOM和固定电容器对无功的协调补偿问题,其根据并网点电压通过闭环反馈灵活整定风电场所需无功参考值,按照与集电母线的电压差将参考值进行不同母线间的分配,并按照磁滞控制策略进行无功补偿装置之间的协调控制。PSCAD/EMTDC下的算例仿真表明,所提无功协调补偿策略在暂稳态情况下均具有良好的补偿效果。     

Study on a Voltage Estimation of Tap‐Changing Transformer in Consideration of SVC Introduction

Recent years, installation of photovoltaic (PV) system is active by the environmental problem and feed in tariff system. Due to PV's output fluctuation, the static var compensator (SVC) made by power electronics technology is planning to install in distribution system. The SVC is expected for maintain the voltage. But SVC differs in a theory of operation of the existing voltage controller load ratio control transformer (LRT) and step voltage regulator (SVR). Because the SVC operation makes the system impedance changes, the existing voltage controller may not operate effectively. In this study, the intelligent‐control method which used the radial basis function (RBF) network is proposed. This method can reduce the effects of the SVC operation by including the performance characteristics of SVC in the conventional method. An advantage of unnecessary arrangement attention of the SVC setup node and easy cooperation with the existing equipment is obtained by applying this method.     

基于PSCAD的风电场低电压穿越无功支撑仿真研究

首先分析风电场低电压穿越(low voltage ride-through,LVRT)能力,然后介绍以双馈感应发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)为主体的风电场模型以及静止同步补偿器(static synchronous compensator,STATCOM)的控制策略。最后将STATCOM和静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)分别应用到含风电场的无穷大系统中,在电力系统仿真软件PSCAD上搭建模型,并对系统故障状态进行仿真,在此基础上分析STATCOM和SVC的无功补偿特性,并对补偿效果进行比较。仿真结果表明无功补偿装置可以在系统故障后提供无功支撑,提高了风电场的低电压穿越能力,并且STATCOM无功补偿性能较SVC更优。     

Development of power flow software using design patterns

Application of object-oriented design patterns for the development of power system computation software is presented. Important patterns such as "Iterator," "Decorator," and "Template Method" are utilized to develop a comprehensive power flow (load flow) analysis program, including FACTS devices such as SVC, TCSC, STATCOM, and UPFC. Analysis-independent object models of power system components are obtained by untying the attributes required for computation from the attributes representing the physical characteristics of an object. The proposed object-oriented design of power flow computation has been implemented in C++ on windows environment. The performance of the developed program has been tested with IEEE benchmark systems.     

对比研究链式STATCOM与SVC对电网的暂态支撑能力

大型互联电网若缺乏充足的动态无功支撑将面临严重暂态电压失稳现象,在输电系统的关键位置安装快速可控的无功补偿装置将有效抑制这一现象.重点研究了电网故障下动态无功补偿装置SVC和链式STATCOM的暂态电压支撑能力以及暂稳极限提高能力.针对链式STATCOM的独特结构,提出了一种改进分相控制策略.基于Matlab/Simulink搭建了系统仿真模型,仿真结果证实故障下链式STATCOM的暂态电压支撑能力略高于SVC,暂稳极限提升能力明显优于SVC,同时验证了改进分相控制策略可确保不对称故障期间链式STATCOM对系统的暂态支撑作用正常发挥.