浅析重油催化裂化装置结焦原因及防止对策

在综合分析了重油催化裂化装置(RFCCU)容易结焦的部位及结焦原因,介绍了防止结焦的技术措施。认为在装置开工前,增强检修清焦质量、延长原料油塔外循环时间;生产中,保持操作平稳、尽量避免切断原料等事件的发生,加强对再生剂温度、预提升段催化剂密度、各喷嘴进料量和雾化蒸汽量、反应温度、沉降器出口温度、分馏塔底温度和塔底液位、油浆循环量、外甩量及油浆中固含量等参数的控制,采用优良的提升管出口技术,添加搅拌油浆等措施都对减少、防止RFCCU结焦有利。     

油浆系统的防结焦设计

介绍了中原油田石油化工总厂催化裂化装置油浆系统结焦状况,分析了其原因,针对分馏塔底抽出口和油浆上、下返塔分布器进行了防结焦改造设计,解决了催化装置油浆系统的结焦问题,保证了装置安全平稳长周期运行。     

高危介质泵机械密封及密封冲洗方案的改造

针对炼油厂催化裂化装置分馏塔底循环油浆泵的机械密封寿命短、泄漏频繁、检修率高的问题。文章分析了导致油浆泵机械密封泄漏的原因,分别对油浆泵机械密封的选型、机械密封冲洗方案进行了改造,改造后延长了机械密封的使用寿命,达到了长周期运行。     

RFCC油浆系统优化操作

1996年6月10日乌石化RFCC（重催）装置,油浆循环泵抽空,反复调泵无效,切换油浆泵,停泵后,盘不动车,备用泵无法启动,油浆系统堵塞。停工后检查发现：分馏塔底严重结焦,塔底几乎充满焦,只有油气入口处和靠近塔底搅拌蒸汽入口处的塔壁有空隙,分馏塔板一层焦厚300－400mm,二层200－300mm,多块塔板被压变型,两块板脱落,油浆循环下返塔,油浆回炼线及反应集合管处分馏塔底补油线堵塞,堵塞物为黑色半固体状,经做苯溶解和苯不溶物灼烧后,Al2O2含量分析结果为苯溶物49％,苯不溶物51％,Al2O2含量4．3％（W％）,推算结果约含催化剂15％左右。油浆／原料换热器堵塞,且油浆系统调节并磨损十分严重。     

催化裂化油浆系统结焦原因及预防措施

介绍1.8 Mt/h催化裂化装置油浆系统结焦形成的机理并分析油浆系统结焦的原因,结合装置运行的实际操作以及经验,提出预防油浆系统结焦的措施。催化裂化油浆结焦的原因主要由一些稠环化合物具有热缩和反应活性,这些稠环化合物吸附、粘附在催化剂上并发生缔合或缩合反应并生成由有机物与无机物组成的混合结垢催化剂、焦炭及少量金属化合物。通过降低油浆密度、降低分馏塔底温度、加大油浆阻垢剂注入量等措施可以有效地预防油浆系统结焦。     

油浆阻垢剂在催化裂化装置上的应用

催化裂化装置分馏塔油浆系统结垢,影响换热器换热效果、分馏塔处理能力、产品分布。严重时会造成堵塞,影响装置的正常运行。装置使用江苏太湖新材料控股有限公司SSH-12油浆阻垢剂,对阻垢具有明显的作用,提高了油浆蒸汽发生器产汽量,延长了装置运转周期。     

催化裂化装置分馏塔结焦分析与应对措施

简要介绍了2008年130万t／a催化裂化装置分馏塔底结焦情况及存在的问题，围绕此问题进行了一系列讨论和研究，从5方面进行了原因分析，并在此基础上提出了处理对策，在2008年检修中进行了相应的技术改造，从而保证油浆系统正常运行，为装置长周期运行奠定基础。     

分馏塔油浆系统结焦问题分析及处理

在重油催化裂化的加工过程中,由于原料日趋重质化,劣质化,同时加工深度不断增加,使重油催化的操作难度增加,特别是分馏塔底油浆循环系统的操作,因油浆组成的变化使重油催化油浆系统结焦问题越来越严重。中海石油中捷石化有限公司通过对两套重油催化裂化装置油浆系统操作参数的优化,解决了油浆系统结焦问题,实现了长周期运行。     

探究防止焦化分馏塔底结焦的措施

目前,焦化装置分馏塔底结焦直接关系到装置的长周期运行,文章从工艺参数、工艺操作注意事项、设备管理、等方面全面分析了导致分馏塔底结焦原因,提出了各种优化措施,以此来减缓分馏塔底结焦的倾向,确保装置的安全,平稳,长周期运行.     

蜡油催化裂化装置节能技术改造

在催化剂性质不变的前提下,对1000 t/a蜡油催化装置进行了外取热器本体、取热形式、余热炉蒸发段、分馏塔塔底油浆蒸汽发生器和解吸塔底热源改造,同时对原料油、油浆喷嘴进行了更换。改造后,提高了装置处理量、掺渣比;增加了油浆蒸汽发生器、外取热器、余热锅炉产汽量;实现了烟机持续发电;停止用蒸汽作为解吸塔热源。CS进料喷嘴的使用和剂油比的增加有利于产品分布,提高了目的产品的选择性和装置运行的经济效益。     

浅析延迟焦化装置分馏塔底结焦原因及措施

延迟焦化装置是炼油行业中渣油转化的重要手段,延迟焦化装置主要由加热炉、焦炭塔、分馏塔等主要设备组成,其中分馏塔的作用是将焦炭塔反应来的高温油气进行多次冷凝和气化,分别从侧线及顶部馏出蜡油、柴油、汽油、富气等产品,是延迟焦化装置非常关键的生产设备。分馏塔底易结焦一直是制约延迟焦化装置安全、平稳、满负荷、长周期运行的主要因素。     

重整C9芳烃分馏塔冷凝潜热综合利用新工艺

基于重整C9芳烃分离装置塔顶油气冷凝潜热的特点,分析对比现有换热工艺及几种新的节能新工艺,研究发现,利用二塔塔顶油气生产0.4 MPa饱和水蒸气,二塔塔釜分别设加热热源工艺和分馏塔热集成与塔顶油气生产0.4 MPa水蒸气联合运用工艺,二者节能效果相当,但是后者装置外提供的一次能量较前者小,因此分馏塔热集成与塔顶油气生产...     

Direct gas chromatographic analysis of the unsaponifiable fraction of different oils with a polar capillary column

The analysis of the unsaponifiable fraction of several oil samples was performed by a new gas chromatographic technique with a polar column of high thermal stability. This column was adequate for fractionating sterols, methyl sterols and alcohols of the unsaponifiable matter, and allowed the detection of peaks usually unresolved with nonpolar columns.     

Sensitivity analysis of a light gas oil deep hydrodesulfurization process via catalytic distillation

In this work, a sensitivity analysis of a light gas oil deep hydrodesulfurization catalytic distillation column is presented. The aim is to evaluate the effects of various parameters and operating conditions on the organic sulfur compound elimination by using a realistic light gas oil fraction. The hydrocarbons are modeled using pseudocompounds, while the organic sulfur compounds are modeled using model compounds, i.e., dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). These are among the most refractive sulfur compounds present in the oil fractions. A sensitivity analysis is discussed for the reflux ratio, bottom flow rate, condenser temperature, hydrogen and gas oil feed stages, catalyst loading, the reactive, stripping, and rectifying stages, feed disturbances, and multiple feeds. The results give insight into the qualitative effect of some of the operating variables and disturbances on organic sulfur elimination. In addition, they show that special attention must be given to the bottom flow rate and LGO feed rate control.     

甲醇分馏塔塔底液位波动原因分析

分馏塔底重沸器的出人口管径设定对分馏塔的操作影响很大，镇海炼化MTBE装置甲醇分馏塔长期以来存在的塔底液位波动问题，原因就是重沸器出入口管径不当。文章从甲醇塔底液位波动分析人手，对重沸器管径与塔底液位影响关系进行了详细的分析。     

Pyrolysis of used sunflower oil in the presence of sodium carbonate by using fractionating pyrolysis reactor

Pyrolysis of used sunflower oil was carried out in a reactor equipped with a fractionating packed column (in three different lengths of 180, 360 and 540 mm) at 400 and 420°C in the presence of sodium carbonate (1, 5, 10 and 20% based on oil weight) as a catalyst. The use of packed column increased the residence times of the primer pyrolysis products in the reactor and packed column by the fractionating of the products which caused the additional catalytic and thermal reactions in the reaction system and increased the content of liquid hydrocarbons in gasoline boiling range. The conversion of oil was high (42–83 wt.%) and the product distribution was depended strongly on the reaction temperature, packed column length and catalyst content. The pyrolysis products consisted of gas and liquid hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, CO, CO₂, H₂ and water. Increase in the column length increased the amount of gas and coke–residual oil and decreased the amount of liquid hydrocarbon and acid phase. Also, increase of sodium carbonate content and the temperature increased the formation of liquid hydrocarbon and gas products and decreased the formation of aqueous phase, acid phase and coke–residual oil. The major hydrocarbons of the liquid hydrocarbon phase were C₅–C₁₁ hydrocarbons. The highest C₅–C₁₁ yields (36.4%) was obtained by using 10% Na₂CO₃ and a packed column of 180 mm at 420°C. The gas products included mostly C₁–C₃ hydrocarbons.     

南堡35-2CEP平台净化水缓冲罐存在问题及改造措施

南堡35-2油田属于高粘重质油油田,油田CEP平台处理B平台热采井采出液的难度大。含油污水进入净化水缓冲罐后,造成顶部浮油聚集、底部沉积污泥。目前净化水缓冲罐内没有底部排污管线,只有固定式单管收油装置,且操作复杂,排油效率低。由于收油及排污不彻底,净化水缓冲罐净化水含油基本上比核桃壳滤器出口含油高4~7ppm。因此,需要对净化水缓冲罐内增加浮动式收油装置和底部排污管线,来达到提高注水水质的目的。     

Fractioning of orange (Citrus sinensis L.) essential oil using vacuum fractional distillation

Citrus essential oil has many uses in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals industries, especially the minor compounds present in the oil. This work aimed to evaluate the distillation patterns of the components of the peel essential oil of Citrus sinensis using vacuum fractional distillation. The performed tests show that the separation of the compounds occurs with the leaving of the lighter terpenes, followed by the heavier terpenes and part of the oxygenated functions. Most of the oxygenated functions remained in the bottom of the column, being concentrated in this fraction. Many trace compounds were found in the bottom products. The limonene mass percentage reduced from 96.68% to 52.81% in the bottom products. Linalool had its mass percentage increased from 0.37% in the raw oil to 4.22% in the bottom. It was also observed in the operation conditions of the column (10 kPa and 70°C), there was no evidence of thermal degradation of the raw oil, neither of the obtained fractions during the process.     

焦化分馏塔结盐分析及可行性处理的探索

随着炼厂原料的日益重质化,为了获取更高的轻质油收率和经济效益,延迟焦化装置作为炼厂重油加工的主要装置,其地位日趋重要,如何保证延迟焦化装置的安全、稳定、长周期运行也成为炼厂的重点技术课题.结合中石化胜利油田有限公司石油化工总厂40万吨/年延迟焦化装置分馏塔内部结盐的现状,对分馏塔结盐的原因进行了剖析,提出了解决分馏塔结盐的几种有效处理方法.