Microstructures and wear properties of graphite and Al2O3 reinforced AZ91D-Cex composites

The magnesium matrix composites reinforced by graphite particles and Al2O3 short fibers were fabricated by squeeze-infiltration technique. The additions dispersed uniformly and no agglomeration and casting defect were observed. The microstructures and wear properties of the composites with different Ce contents of 0, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively, were investigated. Especially, the effect of Ce on the properties was discussed. The results reveal that Ce enriches around the boundaries of graphite particles and forms Al3Ce phase with Al. The addition of Ce refines the microstructures of the composites. With the increase of Ce content, the grain size becomes smaller and the wear resistance of the composite is improved. At low load, the composites have similar worn surface. At high load, the composite with 1.0% Ce has the best wear resistance due to the existence of Al3Ce phase. The Al3Ce phase improves the thermal stability of the matrix so the graphite particles can keep intact, which can still work as lubricant. At low load, the wear mechanism is abrasive wear and oxidation wear. At high load, the wear mechanism changes to delamination wear for all the composites.     

Microstructures and properties of graphite and Al2O3 short fibers reinforced Mg-Al-Zn alloy hybrid composites

Graphite and Al2O3 short fibers reinforced Mg-Al-Zn alloy hybrid composites were fabricated by perform squeeze-infiltration route. The effects of the volume of graphite particles on the microstructure, mechanical properties and tr/bological behavior were investigated under the conditions of constant size of graphite particle and volume of Al2O3 short fiber. The results reveal that the uniform distribution of the reinforced graphite particles and Al2O3 short fiber can be obtained by this technique, and they have strong bonding with the metal matrix. Increasing graphite volume results in decrease in hardness, the ultimate tensile strength whereas the Al2O3 short fiber makes contribution to the increase in hardness of the composite. The composite exhibits good wear resistance, small wear mass loss and low coefficient of friction as compared with the metal matrix. The wear mechanisms transit from oxidation wear, abrasion wear into delamination wear as the applied load is increased, and a film of lubricant covering almost entire surface of specimen, is found to be formed, which separates the wear surfaces from metal to metal contact and thus improves the tribological properties.     

Effect of graphite content on wear property of graphite/Al_2O_3/Mg-9Al-1Zn-0.8Ce composites

Using squeeze-infiltration technique, Mg-9Al-1Zn-0.8Ce composite reinforced by graphite particles and Al2O3 short fibers was fabricated. The reinforcing phases combined closely with the matrix and no agglomeration was observed. The microstructure, hardness and wear property of the composites with the graphite content of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were investigated, respectively. The results reveal that Ce tends to enrich around the boundaries of graphite particles and Al2O3 short fibers, and forms Al3Ce phase. Wh...     

过共晶Al-Mn基复合材料的冲蚀磨损性能

采用搅拌铸造法制备出过共晶Al-Mn合金和Al2O3颗粒增强过共晶Al-Mn基复合材料,分析了两种材料的组织结构,着重研究了不同磨粒加入量和不同磨粒粒度对两种材料抗冲蚀磨损性能的影响。结果表明,Al-Mn合金主要由Mn在Al中的固溶体和Al-Mn化合物(MnAl6及Al11Mn4相)组成,而复合材料的组织结构是在与前者相近的基础上分布着Al2O3颗粒;两种材料在3%磨粒加入量的磨损率明显高于1%磨粒加入量的磨损率;在两种磨粒加入量下两种材料的磨损率随着磨粒粒度的增大均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,且随着磨粒加入量增加磨损率极大值向粒径大的方向移动。此外,在Mn含量相近的条件下,Al2O3颗粒增强过共晶Al-Mn基复合材料的抗冲蚀磨损性能优于过共晶Al-Mn合金。     

高硅铝合金及其原位复合材料干滑动磨损性能与机制

采用熔体反应法制备了(Al2O3 Al3Zr)p/Al-22%Si原位复合材料。探讨了高硅铝合金及其原位复合材料的干滑动磨损行为,并对其磨损表面和亚表面形貌进行了观察和分析。试验结果表明:复合材料的磨损量显著低于同条件下高硅铝合金的磨损量,且随颗粒体积分数的增大,复合材料的磨损量减小。磨损表面亚表面的SEM观察分析表明:高硅铝合金磨损表面存在与亚表面相连的撕裂纹和宽大的犁沟,其磨损机制为粘着磨损加磨粒磨损的混合型磨损;复合材料的磨损表面亚表面平整光滑,主要表现为磨粒磨损。     

粉煤灰/铝-镁合金复合材料的微观组织及摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金法制得粉煤灰/Al-25%Mg复合材料,研究不同粉煤灰含量对复合材料微观组织、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料的磨损表面形貌,并对其磨损机制进行探讨。结果表明:随着粉煤灰含量的增加,复合材料的硬度呈现先增大而后减小的趋势;在较低粉煤灰含量和较低载荷下,该复合材料的摩擦因数均低于基体铝合金的,并且随粉煤灰含量的增加复合材料的耐磨性有所提高,复合材料的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损;在较高粉煤灰含量和较高载荷下,该复合材料的磨损机制转化为以剥层磨损和磨粒磨损为主。     

碳纤维含量对Al2O3+C/ZL109混杂复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用挤压铸造法制备了A1203 C／ZLl09短纤维混杂金属基复合材料，并探讨了A1203纤维体积分数为12％时，C纤维含量对该混杂复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：随着C纤维体积分数的增加，复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率逐渐降低。12％A1203和4％C短纤维的协同作用使复合材料从轻微磨损到急剧磨损的临界转变载荷比基体合金提高了1倍。当载荷低于临界载荷时，复合材料的主要磨损机制为犁沟磨损和层离，C纤维的加入有利于磨损表面裂纹尺寸的减小。但随着载荷的逐渐增加并发生严重磨损时，基体和复合材料的磨损机制均为严重的粘着磨损甚至局部熔化磨损。     

TC4钛合金微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜的结构及摩擦磨损性能

在硅酸钠-六偏磷酸钠体系中添加1.5g/LCr2O3微粒,采用直流脉冲模式在TC4钛合金表面制备了微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜;利用SEM、EDS、XRD对复合膜的微观形貌和结构进行观察分析,并研究了其在室温干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:复合膜的表层孔隙中填满了微小的Cr2O3颗粒,表面只能看到少量微孔;膜层中除了金红石及锐钛矿TiO2相、Al2TiO5相外,还出现了大量的Cr2O3相,且包含了一些非晶态的P、Si化合物。在相同的摩擦磨损条件下,微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜的摩擦系数更小、磨损量更低、耐磨性也更好。在10N载荷下,复合膜只发生轻微的粘着磨损,几乎未发生磨粒磨损;在50N载荷下,复合膜的磨粒磨损有所加剧,且出现了第二相粒子流失。Cr2O3颗粒主要通过对微弧氧化膜孔隙的填充作用、载荷转移作用及弥散强化作用,来降低复合膜的摩擦系数和表面磨损量,提高其耐磨性。     

混杂增强AZ91镁合金基复合材料

采用挤压铸造成形法,成功地制备了具有不同含量与粒度的石墨颗粒与氧化铝短纤维混杂增强的镁合金基复合材料.对制备工艺、复合材料的显微组织及性能进行了研究,结果表明,增强相在复合材料中分布均匀,基体和增强相界面结合紧密,无明显铸造缺陷.复合材料的硬度随石墨含量的增加而降低,随石墨颗粒尺寸的细化而增大.     

Abrasive wear characteristics and mechanisms of Al2O3／PA1010 composite coatings

The abrasive wear characteristics of Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings on the surface of quenched and low-temperature temper steel 45 were tested on the tumplate abrasive wear testing machine and the same uncoated steel 45 was used as a reference material. Experimental results showed that the abrasive wear resistance of Al2O3/PA 1010 composite coatings has a good linear relationship with the volume fraction of Al2O3 particles in Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings, and the linear correlative coefficient is 0.979. Under the experimental conditions, the size of Al2O3 particles (40.5-161.0μm) has little influence on the abrasive wear resistance of Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings. By treating the surface of Al2O3 parti-cles with a suitable bonding agent, the distribution of Al2O3 particles in matrix PA1010 is more homogeneous and the bonding state between Al2O3 particles and matrix PA1010 is better. Therefore, the Al2O3 particles in Al2O3/PA1010 compos-ite coatings make the Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings have better abrasive wear resistance than PA1010 coatings. The wear resistance of Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings is about 45% compared with that of steel 45.     

SiC_P尺寸对铜基复合材料抗氧化性及磨损性的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了SiC粒径分别为10、20和40μm的SiCP./Cu复合材料,对复合材料的抗氧化性和耐磨损性进行了研究,并对磨损形貌进行了观察.结果表明,在氧化温度为400～700℃时,SiCp/Cu复合材料的抗氧化性优于纯铜,粒径为20μm的SiCp,/Cu复合材料的抗氧化性最优.复合材料的磨损性能也随SiCp粒径的变化发生明显改变,在载荷≤100N时,SiCp粒径增大有助于提高复合材料的耐磨性,其磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损;随着载荷的增加,大粒径SiCp易于破损,复合材料磨损率剧增,其磨损机制是磨粒磨损及剥层磨损的复合作用.     

T6热处理对SiCp/Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备出不同SiC颗粒体积分数(30%、35%和40%)的SiCp/Al复合材料。采用MMU-5GA微机控制真空高温摩擦磨损试验机对比研究SiCp/Al复合材料在不同体积分数以及T6热处理前后情况下平均摩擦因数和磨损率的变化,通过扫描电镜分析了SiCp/Al复合材料表面磨损形貌,探讨了摩擦磨损机理。试验结果表明,SiC颗粒体积分数在30%~40%变化时,随其体积分数增加耐磨性下降。SiC颗粒体积分数在30%~35%范围内,SiC颗粒与基体结合较好,SiC颗粒作为硬质点起到抵抗磨损和限制基体合金塑性变形产生磨损的双重作用;但SiC含量过多时,颗粒与基体的结合不紧密,磨损时颗粒极易脱落,复合材料耐磨性降低;T6热处理后复合材料的平均摩擦因数和磨损率均降低,这是由于热处理后试样强度及硬度提高,从而提高了试样的耐磨性;常温下复合材料在磨损初期的磨损机理主要以磨粒磨损为主,而在磨损期则为磨粒磨损与剥落磨损共存。     

Abrasive wear behavior of Ni-P coated Si3N4 reinforced Al6061 composites

Ni-P coated Si₃N₄ reinforced Al6061 composites were fabricated by vortex method. Percentage of reinforcement was varied from 6 wt.% to 10 wt.% in steps of 2. Cast matrix alloy and developed composites were hot forged at a temperature of 500 °C using a 300T hydraulic hammer. Both as cast and hot forged matrix alloy and its composites were subjected to microstructure studies, grain size analysis, microhardness and abrasive wear tests. Microstructure studies reveal uniform distribution of silicon nitride particles with good bond between matrix and reinforcement in both as cast and hot forged condition. It is observed that, increased content of reinforcement in both as cast and hot forged composites do result in significant grain refinement. However, when compared with as cast matrix alloy and its composites hot forged alloy and its composites exhibits higher extent of grain refinement. Both as cast and hot forged composites exhibit improved microhardness and abrasive wear resistance when compared with the unreinforced alloys under identical test conditions. Abraded worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for possible wear mechanisms. Increased abrasive particle size and load has resulted in larger extent of grooving leading to increased abrasive wear loss for both the matrix alloy and developed composites.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3/Ni复合涂层的组织和耐磨性能研究

将纳米Al2O3颗粒和镍基粉用湿法混合,采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了复合涂层。利用SEM和TEM分析了Al2O3复合涂层的表面形貌和微观组织,用磨粒磨损试验机进行磨损试验,研究了纳米Al2O3的体积分数、粒径对涂层喷焊性和耐磨粒磨损性能的影响。结果表明,Al2O3复合涂层的表面形貌细腻,颗粒加入能有效改善弥散相与镍基涂层的相容性,当纳米Al2O3的体积分数为2.0%时,涂层的耐磨性能最好为镍基涂层的2倍多,在相同的体积分数下,随着涂层中弥散强化相尺寸减小,涂层的耐磨性提高。     

石墨含量对石墨/TiC/镍基合金复合涂层微观组织与摩擦学性能的影响

为了降低TiC/镍基合金复合涂层的摩擦因数并增强其耐磨性能,运用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备石墨/TiC/镍基合金（GTN）复合涂层。研究石墨含量对GTN涂层组织和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,石墨的加入有效地降低了涂层的摩擦因数,提高了其耐磨性。6.56GTN涂层和12.71GTN涂层分别在低载荷与高载荷摩擦条件下呈现出优异的减摩耐磨性能。在低载荷条件下,GTN涂层的磨损机理主要表现为多次塑变磨损,伴有轻微的磨粒磨损,且随着石墨含量的增加逐渐转变为多次塑变、层脱和微切削磨损;在载荷增加后,脆性断裂、微观切削和粘着为其主要的磨损机理,且随着石墨含量的增加逐渐转变为微观切削和脆性剥落。     

富Ce混合稀土对铝基混杂复合材料耐磨性能的影响

用挤压铸造法制备Al2O3短纤维石墨颗粒混杂增强ZL109复合材料,并研究富Ce混合稀土对该混杂复合材料耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:适量稀土元素可在一定程度上改善该混杂复合材料的耐磨性能,特别在低载荷下,其作用更为显著;稀土对复合材料磨损机制的影响与载荷有关,在较低的载荷下,犁沟磨损是复合材料的主要磨损机制,并存在轻微的剥层破坏;但在较大载荷下,稀土元素加入后,特别是稀土含量高于0.6%后,复合材料的磨损机制由犁沟磨损转变为严重的剥落磨损,复合材料耐磨性反而降低,这可能与稀土含量高时富含稀土的针状相析出有关。     

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 将纳米Al2O3颗粒和镍基粉用湿法混合，采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了复合涂层。利用SEM和TEM分析了Al2O3复合涂层的表面形貌和微观组织，用磨粒磨损试验机进行磨损试验，研究了纳米Al2O3的体积分数、粒径对涂层喷焊性和耐磨粒磨损性能的影响。结果表明，Al2O3复合涂层的表面形貌细腻，颗粒加入能有效改善弥散相与镍基涂层的相容性，当纳米Al2O3的体积分数为20%时，涂层的耐磨性能最好为镍基涂层的2倍多，在相同的体积分数下，随着涂层中弥散强化相尺寸减小，涂层的耐磨性提高。     

石墨增强体对SiC/Gr/Al复合材料干摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用挤压铸造技术制备不同粒径石墨颗粒增强的40%SiC/5%Gr/Al复合材料,研究了石墨颗粒对摩擦系数和磨损率的影响.结果表明,随着石墨的加入,复合材料的摩擦系数降低,磨损抗力提高170～340倍.另外,石墨颗粒粒径的增加也导致磨损抗力的提高,这是由于在干摩擦的过程中形成由铁的氧化物、石墨及SiC等组成的具有润滑性质的薄膜.     

电磁铸造法制备的(Al2O3+Al3Zr)p/A359复合材料的磨损行为

利用A359-Zr(CO3)2体系原位反应合成法制备(Al2O3 Al3Zr)p/A359颗粒增强铝基复合材料,在制备过程中施加低频交变电磁场进行搅拌以提高复合材料的耐磨性能.干滑动摩擦磨损试验表明:复合材料的耐摩擦性比纯基体合金明显提高,施加电磁搅拌后复合材料的耐摩擦性进一步提高,特别是在较大载荷下的耐摩擦性大幅提高,从轻微磨损到急剧磨损的临界转变载荷由58.8 N提高到78.8 N.磨损表面的SEM分析显示:纯基体合金为粘着磨损和剥层磨损,复合材料的磨损为以磨粒磨损为主和少量的剥层磨损,施加电磁搅拌后的复合材料为纯磨粒磨损.     

Al_2O_3p/ZQSn6-6-3复合材料及其摩擦磨损特性

利用化学镀技术对增强颗粒Ａｌ２Ｏ３进行表面包覆Ｎｉ或Ｃｕ,用粉末冶金法制取Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｐ／ＺＱＳｎ６６３复合材料,研究了烧结工艺、颗粒体积分数、颗粒度、颗粒表面包覆Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ对复合材料性能的影响规律,综合评述了该材料的磨擦磨损行为。结果表明,化学镀Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ包覆Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒工艺能够有效地提高颗粒增强复合材料的耐磨性能。