先进绝热压缩空气储能电站日前电力市场主从博弈竞标策略

先进绝热压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA–CAES)是支撑电力系统削峰填谷、阻塞管理及可再生能源消纳的有效手段之一.在储能产业商业化初期,研究面向日前电力市场的竞标策略对实现AA–CAES电站的经济运行大有裨益.本文在计及压力动态的AA–CAES运行模型基础上,采用主从博弈研究了AA–CAES电站竞标策略.作为主从博弈Leader,AA–CAES电站运营商向日前电力市场上报竞标标的(储能功率、发电功率、储能电价及发电电价);作为主从博弈Follower,市场交易机构以最大化社会福利出清电力市场.为高效求解主从博弈竞标模型,采用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)最优性条件及布尔展开法将双层主从博弈竞标模型转化为单层混合整数线性规划.IEEE–24节点测试系统算例表明,AA–CAES电站可利用低谷电进行充电,在高峰时刻再以高价售出,实现套利运行.基于主从博弈的日前电力市场竞标策略,可支撑AA–CAES电站的经济运行.     

考虑节点边际价格的热电联产机组主从博弈竞价策略

本文构建了以热电联产机组(combined heat and power unit,CHP)、电力市场和热力市场为参与者的主从博弈模型,并基于电力市场中节点边际电价(locational marginal electricity price,LMEP)的概念,提出了节点边际热价(locational marginal heat price,LMHP)的概念.在节点边际电价的求解中,采用了支路潮流(branch power flow,BPF)模型,考虑了配电网中的网络损耗从而可以得到更精确的计算结果.在节点边际热价的求解中,考虑了管道热损耗,并基于管道损耗方程分析了节点边际热价的分布规律.在此基础上,采用变步长迭代寻优算法求解热电联产机组、电力市场、热力市场各自最优出力和最优报价策略.最后,通过一个6节点电网–4节点热网的算例对所构建的主从博弈模型及热电联产机组的竞价策略进行了验证.     

非光滑聚合博弈纳什均衡的分布式连续时间算法

本文研究多智能体聚合博弈的分布式算法设计.其中,个体的成本函数具有非光滑性.提出一个连续时间分布式算法,使得每个个体仅利用本地数据及局部的信息交互就能达到纳什均衡.利用李雅普诺夫方法,证明了算法的收敛性.在此基础上,进一步研究了带有耦合不等式约束博弈的广义纳什均衡求解.仿真结果验证了方法的有效性.     

基于序贯博弈的Ad Hoc网络功率控制算法

针对分布式拓扑结构的Ad Hoc网络,将用户处于异步竞争方式下的功率控制问题抽象为动态博弈模型,通过多步迭代的逆向归纳法,逐步分析了两用户组及多用户组下的序贯博弈过程。并提出一种分布式的功率控制博弈算法,有效求解了用户发射功率的均衡策略,来优化用户之间的并发传输能力,提高频谱效率。仿真实验表明,建立基于序贯博弈的功率控制过程,能够有效地减轻用户之间的干扰影响,提升用户接收信干噪比质量,从而改善了系统吞吐率性能收益。     

基于蚁群算法的动态用户均衡配流

在路网中,为了使用户的出行时间降到最低,提出一个适用于多OD对的路网的动态用户均衡离散模型,并应用蚁群算法求解动态用户均衡问题.通过设计一个算例,利用仿真得出路网中的流量分配数据,并和二次规划Frank-Wolfe算法求解的流量分配数据进行比较,最后得出蚁群算法在求解动态交通用户均衡问题时具有一定的优势.     

分布式一致性算法Yac

传统静态拓扑主从模型分布式一致性算法存在严重负载不均及单点性能瓶颈效应,且崩溃节点大于集群规模的50%时算法无法正常工作。针对上述问题,提出基于动态拓扑及有限表决思想的分布式一致性算法（Yac）。算法动态生成参与一致性表决的成员子集及Leader节点并时分迁移,形成统计负载均衡;去除要求全体多数派成员参与表决的强约束,使算法具备更高的失效容忍性;并通过日志链机制重新建立算法安全性约束,同时证明了算法的正确性。实验结果表明,改进算法的单点负载集中效应显著低于主流静态拓扑主从模型分布式一致性算法Zookeeper;改进算法失效容忍性优于Zookeeper,且最坏情况下与Zookeeper算法保持持平;同等集群规模下,改进算法比Zookeeper拥有更高吞吐量上限。     

不同政府目标决策下具有奖惩机制的绿色供应链模型

考虑由一个制造商主导和一个零售商跟随的绿色供应链,产品销售量受价格及节能水平影响.运用Stackelberg博弈理论分别构建无奖惩机制和3种有奖惩机制的博弈模型,得到4种情形下的零售价、批发价、产品需求量、节能水平、政府节能奖惩力度及制造商和零售商利润的均衡解.通过比较分析发现:政府的节能奖惩机制不仅能提高产品节能水平,还可以提升全社会福利水平;政府综合考虑企业收益、消费者福利和环保效益的奖惩机制效果最优;奖惩力度与产品市场规模、环境效益系数和节能水平敏感系数正相关,与制造商节能成本投入系数、政府奖惩机制的成本投入系数、制造商单位生产成本和零售商单位销售成本负相关.最后运用数值分析验证模型的有效性.     

认知无线电中基于博弈论的频谱分配算法*

利用博弈论分析了认知无线电网络中动态频谱分配问题,构建了基于博弈论的认知无线电频谱分配问题模型,提出了基于潜在博弈论的分布式频谱分配算法,并得到了相应博弈过程的纳什均衡。仿真结果表明,该算法能在较短时间内收敛到稳定状态,潜在函数取值达到最大值、系统总干扰水平降到最小、用户的SIR水平得到明显改善,达到了潜在博弈下信道分配的纳什均衡,实现了提高频谱利用率的目的。     

OFDMA认知无线电网络中面向功率控制的频谱定价与分配

针对OFDMA认知无线电网络,提出一种基于Stackelberg博弈的频谱定价和分配模型.对于次基站控制次网络传输功率来保护主网络通信的场景,主基站可通过该模型获得最优的频谱定价方案.从功率控制的角度,重新设计次用户的效用函数,运用Stackelberg博弈对单个主基站和多个次用户在频谱租赁市场中的交易行为进行建模.通过逆向归纳法,求解市场均衡下的最优频谱定价,使得主基站在考虑主网络QoS降级的同时获得最大收益.此外,对于主基站只能获取本地信息的情形,提出了基于动态Stackelberg博弈的分布式频谱定价和分配模型.仿真实验表明,该模型能够在控制次网络传输功率的基础上,提供最优频谱定价和频谱分配方案.     

考虑碳排放和综合需求响应的电-气联合运行决策博弈

考虑到当前向国际社会承诺的“碳达峰,碳中和”目标,针对电-气联合运行中多方利益的诉求,运用动态主从博弈理论,在考虑碳排放和综合需求响应的情况下,建立以供电公司为主体,家庭负荷聚合集群为从体的博弈模型.通过家庭负荷聚合的多能联合负荷特性和价格需求响应的不确定性,得到博弈双方支付函数.考虑能源结构的碳排放折算,以供能方收益最大,需求侧支付费用最低为目标,建立主从博弈模型.主方以价格为策略集,从方以需求响应为策略集,通过最优反应函数结合非支配排序遗传算法求解并筛选主从博弈均衡解.通过算例仿真验证,所提出模型可实现主体和从体各方的社会效益与经济效益最优化,为能源互联下的市场决策优化运行提供参考.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.