重离子径迹模板中组装半导体CdS一维纳米材料

用重离子辐照的聚碳酸酯为模板,采用电化学沉积法制备了半导体CdS纳米线和纳米管.通过选用不同蚀刻时间的模板,得到了直径20～100 nm、长度20～30 μm范围、粗细均匀且具有纤维锌矿结构的CdS纳米线与纳米管.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对CdS纳米线与管的形貌和晶体结构特征进行了表征.     

擦拭样品中铀微粒甄别技术的研究

基于裂变径迹原理对擦拭样品中微米量级铀微粒筛选技术进行了研究.研究内容包括擦拭样品与载体分离、样品在裂变径迹片上沉积、样品辐照以及化学刻蚀、铀微粒筛选等.文章中对各实验环节进行细致描述和讨论.研究发现:(1)以无尘滤纸、脱脂棉、Texwipe牌TX304型棉布为擦拭载体的样品经过400℃ 6 h灰化为较好的分离方法;(2)经热中子辐照和化学刻蚀后裂变径迹主要呈星状和坑状.其中235U含量高的微粒对应于坑状径迹,含量低的微粒对应于星状径迹;(3)采用新的定位方法能够筛选出铀微粒.     

放射治疗中肿瘤靶区勾画的主观差异性分析

为了解医生的主观因素在肿瘤靶区(GTV)勾画中产生差异性并分析其原因,对肿瘤处在身体不同部位的12例病人的CT定位图像,组织了来自放射治疗和影像诊断的6位医师进行了GTV勾画,计算病人GTV的体积值及其变化范围,比较两个学科和两次勾画所产生的差异性.结果表明,9位病人GTV体积最大值/最小值比值＜2,3位病人的项比值＞2;16%的体积值对体积平均数的变动范围＞±25%.在已知影响准确性的重要客观因素一致的条件下,造成差异性的主要原因是医生间学科的不同,影像科医生比放疗科医生的变异性小、准确性高.因此,在确定GTV时,对于因主诊医生主观因素产生的误差要引起重视,放射治疗医生加强影像诊断学知识学习与协作,建立、完善并认真执行相关的QA与QC规程是解决问题的主要方法.     

低能氮离子注入香菇生物学效应的研究

本文用能量为 15 keV,而注量不同的氮离子注入对武香一号香菇进行诱变,分析了不同注量下菌丝长速,菌丝生物量以及多糖含量的变化,对该低能离子与微生物间的作用规律进行了初步探索,为进一步筛选出多糖高产菌株提供前提.实验结果表明菌丝长速,菌丝生物量及多糖含量随不同注量的变化情况基本遵循"马鞍型曲线".注量小时菌丝日均长速较快,随着注量的增大,菌丝日均长速呈下降趋势,但在1.5×1016cm-2附近,菌丝长速有短暂回升.在注量较小时,随着注量的增加,菌丝生物量及多糖含量先升高后降低,注量为4×1015cm-2时,两者均达到最大值,而后会出现小的波动,注量增加到1.5×1016cm-2时,菌丝生物量及多糖含量又会达到-个较大的峰值.通过发酵动力学分析,研究了香菇液体菌种培养过程中菌丝球数量及形态、摇瓶总重、pH值、多糖含量等指标的变化情况,绘制该菌发酵产糖的过程曲线,这将为诱变前后液体发酵过程的控制提供参数.     

放疗后早期肿瘤组织内99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ分布与Survivin、Caspase-3蛋白表达的相关性研究

采用99Tcm-rh-AnnexinⅤ作为核素凋亡显像示踪剂,观察小鼠放疗后早期肿瘤组织内Survivin、Caspase-3蛋白表达。结果显示,放疗组肿瘤组织内99Tcm-rh-AnnexinⅤ分布、TUNEL检测阳性细胞数及Caspase-3蛋白表达均明显多于对照组,Survivin蛋白表达A组明显高于B组,差异均存在显著性（P均<0.01）。相关性研究表明,肿瘤组织的放射性摄取与TUNEL阳性细胞数呈明显正相关（r=0.942,P=0.000）;肿瘤组织内Survivin蛋白表达与Caspase-3蛋白表达呈明显负相关（r=-0.836,P=0.000）。肿瘤组织内99Tcm-Annexin Ⅴ分布与Caspase-3蛋白表达呈明显正相关（r=0.948,P=0.000）,与Survivin蛋白表达呈明显负相关（r=-0.819,P<0.01）。以上结果提示,肿瘤组织内99Tcm-rh-AnnexinⅤ的分布可以反映放疗后早期肿瘤组织细胞凋亡的状况以及凋亡调控蛋白Survivin、Caspase-3表达水平的变化。     

三代核电自主化依托项目的工程建造管理模式

2007年7月24日,国家核电技术公司、三门核电有限公司、山东核电有限公司、中国技术进出口总公司,与美国西屋联合体及分包商分别签订了第三代核电自主化依托项目4个机组的核岛设计及部分主设备采购合同;国家核电技术     

国外最新消息

伊朗总统宣布已开始安装6000台新离心机伊朗总统艾哈迈迪·内贾德2008年4月8日宣布,伊朗已开始在纳坦兹铀浓缩基地安装6000台新的离心机。(编译自法新社2008年4月8日报道)     

高压氘氚气氛下不锈钢吸附氚的初步研究

本工作对于氚在不锈钢表面的吸附和解吸行为进行了初步研究.样品在n(D)∶n(T)=1∶1,230℃时,15 MPa下恒温8 h后,接着在27 MPa下恒温6 h的情况下进行了氚的吸附,测量了室温下和加热到1173 K时的解吸氚量和总吸附量.其结果如下:不锈钢的总吸附氚量是857.4 MBq·cm-2,不锈钢的解吸氚量是722.2 MBq·cm-2;在本实验的条件下,在室温和加热条件下,不锈钢所释放的氚中,化学成分主要是HTO和HT两部分,大部分以HT形式存在;不锈钢的自由氚占吸附总氚量的7.34%;不锈钢的热解吸谱存在三个解吸峰,其解吸温度分别为439、530和843K.     

Continuous compositional spread investigation of SiC-based thin films prepared by MW-ECR plasma enhanced magnetron co-sputtering

A kind of combinatorial material methodology,also known as continuous compositional spread method,was employed to investigate the relationship between the optical band gap and composition of SiC thin films.A wide range of SixCy thin films with different carbon contents have been successfully deposited in a single deposition by carefully arranging the sample position on the substrate holder.The films were characterized by surface profiler,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.The carbon content y increases linearly from 0.28 to 0.72 while the sample position changed from 85 to 175 mm,the optical band gap changed between 1.27 and 1.99 eV,the maximum value corresponded to the stoichiometric SiC sample at the position of 130 mm,which has the highest Si?C bond density of 11.7×10^22 cm^-3.The C poor and C rich SixCy samples with y value less and larger than 0.5 were obtained while samples deviated from the position 130 mm,the optical band gap decreased with the Si?C bond density.     

全国核与辐射设施退役学术研讨会简介

在国家政府有关部门及中核集团公司支持下,由中国核学会辐射防护分会会同相关学会于2007年11月5日至10日在四川绵阳召开了全国核与辐射设施退役学术研讨会.     

高速旋转氚钛靶系统设计和靶温度的数值模拟

给出了用于强流中子发生器的高速旋转氚钛靶系统的设计方案,并对靶的温度变化进行了数值模拟,给出了强流中子发生器的运行参数。     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of an experimental model of the target in the MK-1 liquid-metal target system

The results of an experimental study of the hydrodynamics of air flow in a model of a liquid-metal lead-bismuth target of a 600 kW MK-1 system are presented. The shape of the experimental model corresponded precisely to that of a real target; the scale of the linear dimensions was 1:1. The Reynolds number for air flows in the model and a liquid-metal lead-bismuth alloy in the target were approximately the same. The hydraulic resistance of the target shape was determined experimentally. The main hydraulic characteristics of the coolant in the heat-stressed sections of the target are presented graphically. The design of the washer for the the flow part of the target is such that it smoothes the velocity field and velocity pulsations in the energy-dense section of the target. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya,Vol. 101, No. 3, pp. 189–197, September, 2006.     

Safety assessment of a lithium target

This paper addresses the safety assessment of the lithium target of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) through evaluating the most important risk factors related to system operation and verifying the fulfillment of the safety criteria. The hazard assessment is based on using a well-structured Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) procedure by detailing on a component-by-component basis all the possible failure modes and identifying their effects on the plant. Additionally, a systems analysis, applying the fault tree technique, is performed in order to evaluate, from a probabilistic standpoint, all the relevant and possible failures of each component required for safe system operation and assessing the unavailability of the lithium target system. The last task includes the thermal–hydraulic transient analysis of the target lithium loop, including operational and accident transients. A lithium target loop model is developed, using the RELAP5/Mod3.2 thermal–hydraulic code, which has been modified to include specific features of IFMIF itself. The main conclusions are that target safety is fulfilled, the hazards associated with lithium operation are confined within the IFMIF security boundaries, the environmental impact is negligible, and the plant responds to the simulated transients by being able to reach steady conditions in a safety situation.     

同位素208Pb靶的制备

介绍了一种弧形靶框夹芯^208pb靶的制备工艺,包括核靶的制备装置和制备方法、核靶厚度和均匀性的控制和测量方法,并对结果进行了讨论.制备采用旋转蒸镀法,该法可以大大提高材料的利用率.所制靶的结构为30μg/cm^2 C＋361 μg/cm^2 ^208pb＋15 μg/cm^2 C,同一次所制的靶平均厚度为361μg/cm^2,不均匀性小于9.8%.其性能能够很好地满足超重核实验研究的要求.     

Neutronic characterization of the MEGAPIE target

The MEGAPIE project aimed to design, build and operate a liquid metal spallation neutron target of about 1 MW beam power in the SINQ facility at the Paul Scherrer Institut (Villigen, Switzerland). This project is an important step in the roadmap towards the demonstration of the accelerator driven system (ADS) concept and high power liquid metal targets in general. Following the design phase, an experimental program was defined to provide a complete characterization of the facility by performing a “mapping” of the neutron flux at different points, from the center of the target to the beam lines. The neutronic performance of the target was studied using different experimental techniques with the goals of validating the Monte Carlo codes used in the design of the target; additionally, the performance was compared with the solid lead targets used before and after the MEGAPIE experiment.     

Reduction of the induced radioactivity in an ADS target by changing the target material isotope composition

In the paper a possibility of using in a target of an accelerator driven system (ADS) a modified lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) in which natural lead (Pb-nat) is replaced by a lead isotope, Pb-208, is considered. Spectra of neutrons inside and outside the target consisted from the modified LBEs, Pb-208(80%)–Bi(20%) and Pb-208(90%)–Bi(10%), are calculated using Monte Carlo code. It is shown that in such the targets a harder spectrum of neutrons is realized as compared with the spectrum of the conventional target LBE, Pb-nat(45%)–Bi(55%). The induced activity of such the modified LBE target is reduced due to depleting the material with neutrons of intermediate energy, 10–100 keV and reducing a share of bismuth in the LBE from 55% down to 10–20%.     

Fabrication of multilayer graded density peeled-carbon-aerogel target

As a potential target for shock wave experiments, the multilayer graded density carbon aerogel target was prepared. Firstly, carbon aerogel sheets with varying thickness and density were fabricated by polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde by a self-made flexible micro-mould. Secondly, with ultra-low density (10 mg cm^?3) SiO₂ aerogel as a bonding agent, a 5-layer graded density carbon aerogel target was obtained. The thickness of each unit sheet ranged from 100 to 580 μm, and the density ranged from 50 to 400 mg cm^?3_. We focused on fabrication of unit sheets, peeling off their dense layers (about 150 nm) and research of C/SiO₂ aerogel interface microstructure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray phase contrast imager and surface profiler were used to observe the multilayer structure and characterize the surface and internal microstructure of unit sheets. The results showed that the target fabricated by such method possessed multilayer graded density structure with homogeneous C/SiO₂ interface and excellent formability.     

Computational modelling of the IFMIF lithium target

The present work is devoted to the computational modelling of the process of beam action on a lithium target. The aim of the investigation is to determine the maximum values of temperature and pressure as well as general pattern of the process. The analysis is based on the compressible Euler equations with the stiffened gas equation of state with parameters corresponding to lithium. The energy influx allocation caused by the beam interaction with the target is described by the source term in the energy balance law. The formulated problem is solved numerically by a high-resolution Godunov-type method. The obtained results show a moderate rise in the lithium temperature and relatively large pressure variations.     

SPH simulation of liquid metal target dynamics

An implementation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to study the dynamics of liquid metal targets under the effect of high power proton beams is presented. The accuracy of the method is verified through the comparison of numerical simulations with experimental results on liquid mercury performed in ISOLDE/CERN. The results are in good agreement and allow to have a better insight on the physics of the phenomenon.