Al／Al2O3陶瓷基复合材料的研究

介绍了一种新型的Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷基复合材料，讨论了该材料的烧结机理及界面结合性能，并分析了一些主要工艺因素对材料性能的影响。结果表明，助烧剂的加入是实现Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷基复合材料在１０００℃烧强的关键，助烧剂及反应产物的粘－塑性流动是材料的主要烧结机理，并利用它在材料界面上形成过渡层的粘结作用明显改善了材料的界面结合性能，制造该材料的最佳工艺参数的，烧结温度１０００℃烧结时间３ｈ助烧剂的加     

ZrO2—Al2O3质陶瓷辊辊材料性能的研究

以氧氯化锆，氯化钇和氯化铝为原料，采用化学共沉淀法制备高纯超细的ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３微粉。选用无压烧结制出ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷分析了Ａｌ２Ｏ３掺杂量对ＺｒＯ２陶瓷的抗弯强度，断裂韧性，维氏硬度和弹性模量等性能的影响。     

粉末冶金温压工艺制备Fe-Cu-C材料

采用两种温压专用润滑剂,在不同温度和压力下以温压技术制备铁基粉末冶金材料,比较其烧结密度的变化,并分析温压工艺对密度的影响。结果表明：此温压工艺在610MPa压制压力、140℃压制温度下可制备出烧结密度最高达到7．18g／cm^3,抗拉强度最高达到550MPa的Fe-2％Cu-1％C铁基粉末冶金材料。     

采用不含氮原料制备脱β层梯度硬质合金的组织和成分

采用不含氮的硬质合金原料,在梯度烧结工艺前添加一步微压氮化烧结(氮气分压为0.5kPa)工艺,然后于1 420,1 450,1 480℃下烧结1h制备了脱β层梯度硬质合金;另在无微压烧结工艺下制备了均质结构硬质合金;分别采用SEM、XRD及EDS等分析了合金的组织、相组成及成分分布。结果表明:在上述微压烧结工艺下制备的梯度硬质合金中脱β层厚度分别为8,13,24μm;该脱β层梯度硬质合金的物相和成分分布规律与采用含氮硬质合金原料制备的基本一样,即脱β层中仅含WC及钴相,心部为WC、(Ti,W)C和钴相,脱β层中的钛元素含量基本为零,钴元素的含量高于心部的平均含量,钨元素含量的变化不大。     

液相烧结Mo—Cu合金的研究

本文研究了Ｍｏ－Ｃｕ混合粉压坯在不同温度下液相烧结合金的部分性能和烧结机理。经ＴＥＭ，ＳＥＭ组织观察以及电子探针成分分析表明，烧结过程中Ｍｏ在粘结相Ｃｕ中有溶解－析出现象，并发现在Ｍｏ晶粒表面形成一定比例的Ｍｏ－Ｃｕ浓度梯度过渡层。合金晶粒细小，且组织均匀，最佳烧结温度为１３００￣１３５０℃。     

液相烧结Mo－Cu合金的研究

本文研究了Ｍｏ－Ｃｕ混合粉压坯在不同温度下液相烧结合金的部分性能和烧结机理。经ＴＥＭ，ＳＥＭ组织观察以及电子探针成分分析表明，烧结过程中，Ｍｏ在粘结相Ｃｕ中有溶解－析出现象，并发现在Ｍｏ晶粒表面形成一定比例的Ｍｏ－Ｃｕ浓度梯度过渡层。合金晶粒细小，且组织均匀，最佳烧结温度为１３００～１３５０℃。关键词     

部分扩散预合金温压铁-铜-镍-钼-碳材料的组织与性能

对部分扩散预合金Fe-2Cu-2Ni-1Mo-1C粉末的温压行为及烧结和热处理后的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:模壁润滑温压工艺能明显提高烧结材料的密度和性能;在130℃、400～700 MPa压力范围内材料压坯密度、烧结密度和烧结性能均随压制压力增大而提高;700 MPa下材料压坯密度7.34 g/cm3;1 150℃烧结60 min后密度为7.32 g/cm3,抗拉强度达到853 MPa,表面硬度302 HB,伸长率4.4%;热处理对烧结材料力学性能提高效果显著;880℃淬火 350℃回火60 min材料的综合性能较好,抗拉强度1 086 MPa,表面硬度295 HB,伸长率3.7%,显微组织为马氏体、回火屈氏体和残余奥氏体.     

B_4C/TiB_2复相陶瓷材料的研究进展

综述了B_4C/TiB_2复相陶瓷的烧结工艺,以及原料粉体粒径和第三组元对复相陶瓷性能的研究进展。对比了热压烧结、放电等离子烧结和无压反应烧结B_4C/TiB_2复相陶瓷相对密度和力学性能的差别,比较了三种烧结工艺的优缺点;总结了多种金属单质、金属氧化物、碳、过渡金属碳化物等第三组元,以及粉体粒径对复相陶瓷烧结工艺性等性能的影响规律;展望了B_4C/TiB_2复相陶瓷制备技术的发展趋势。     

Fe3Al基摩擦材料烧结性能及摩擦学特性初探

用球磨机械合金化工艺制备Fe3Al粉末,采用粉末冶金工艺,选择不同的烧结温度、烧结压力和保温时间,获得Fe3Al基复合材料的最佳烧结工艺条件。对最佳工艺条件获得的材料的物理机械性能、摩擦磨损性能和微观结构进行分析测试,借助磨损表面扫描图像和能谱分析,分析该材料的磨损形式,并探讨该材料在低速低载和高速重载2种工况条件的磨损机制。结果表明:采用烧结温度为1 100℃,烧结压力为10 MPa下保温30 min的工艺条件烧结的材料有较好的机械性能和摩擦磨损性能。其摩擦磨损机制为:低速低载以疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损为主,高速重载以疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损为主,并伴有轻微的黏着磨损形式。     

无压烧结银与化学镀镍(磷)和电镀镍基板的界面互连研究

化学镀镍(磷)和电镀镍是最常用的两种基板镀镍工艺,但是目前关于烧结银与这两种镀镍界面互连的对比研究鲜见报道.提出一种在空气中无压烧结银-镍界面互连的工艺方法,研究烧结温度220～300℃对烧结银与化学镀镍(磷)和电镀镍基板互连强度的影响,并且对比分析化学镀镍(磷)和电镀镍基板的表面形貌与粗糙度、化学成分、晶体结构,以及...     

新型3-PCRNS球面3自由度并联机构

提出一种新型3-PCRNS球面3自由度并联机构,其分支运动链由一个带环形导轨的移动副PC,一个转动副RN (下标N表示三个分支中转动副的轴线都交于一点)和一个球铰S构成。运用约束螺旋理论,对该机构的自由度、奇异位形和输入选取进行分析。在一般非奇异位形下,该机构中三个PCRNS分支运动链对动平台施加三个汇交于机构中心点的约束力,约束机构动平台的3移动自由度,机构具有3转动自由度;在奇异位形下,三个PCRNS分支对动平台施加六个线性相关的约束力,其最大线性无关数为五,机构具有一个绕z轴的瞬时转动自由度。可选用带环形导轨的移动副PC作为主动副,此外该机构动平台绕z轴的转动自由度和其他转动自由度解耦。     

Rosen-type Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystal piezoelectric transformer

In this study, a Rosen-type Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) single crystal piezoelectric transformer is presented. First, we simulate the operation of this transformer using the finite element method and ANSYS. By adjusting the dimensions of the piezoelectric transformer, a maximum voltage step-up ratio of 138 can be obtained at a frequency of 33.8 kHz when the output part is open. Second, we fabricate a transformer with the size of 20 mm length, 4 mm width, and 1 mm thickness to examine the simulation results. It is found that this transformer exhibits a maximum voltage step-up ratio of 134 at 37 kHz, with the efficiency over 95% when driving a liquid crystal display backlight, which shows good consistency with the numerical simulation results. Besides, we investigate the electrical properties under different frequencies and load resistances. When the input voltage increases, a maximum output power of 1 W is obtained with the temperature rise less than 10 degrees C.     

Structural properties of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric thin films on SrRuO3 conducting oxides

Coating of 0.65Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.35PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT) relaxor ferroelectrics by a sol-gel method is followed by growth of epitaxial SrRuO(3) (SRO) metallic oxide electrodes on SrTiO(3) (STO) single-crystal substrate by pulsed laser deposition. High-quality PMN-PT films on SRO with preferred growth orientation were successfully fabricated by controlling the operation parameters. Structural properties of relaxor ferroelectric PMN-PT thin films on SRO/STO substrates have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In-plane and out-of-plane alignments of the heterostructure are confirmed and the structural twinning of the materials are also revealed.     

3DXpert金属3D打印斯特林发动机模型

宾夕法尼亚州立大学是世界领先的从事增材制造研究和教育的高等院校之一,拥有很有特色的增材制造与设计工程硕士(MEng AMD)项目。该项目的特色之一是它不仅招收全日制学生,还招收在职工程师,这些工程师可以用宾夕法尼亚州立大学世界校区(网络虚拟校区)在线完成学习。为帮助学生成为技术专家,将其所学的增材制造知识用于实践,该项目将多学科理论知识与亲身实践相结合,学生们可在宾夕法尼亚州立大学增材制造车间获得实践经验。     

并联双三角机构精度分析

并联双三角机构是Stewart平台的一种特殊型式。由于其结构的特点 ,直接精确测量该机构的结构误差有一定困难。文中采用一种有效的误差正解分析方法 ,分析包含球铰、驱动杆长在内的全部结构参数误差以及平台半径的变化对主轴端位姿误差的影响。应用这种误差正解方法可定量地确定结构参数设计精度 ,并能找出特定位姿下的敏感结构参数。为这类并联机器人的设计、制造及装配提供了一种有效的途径     

Evidence of multimicrometric coherent γ′ precipitates in a hot‐forged γ–γ′ nickel‐based superalloy

This paper demonstrates the existence of large γ’ precipitates (several micrometres in diameter) that are coherent with their surrounding matrix grain in a commercial γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloy. The use of combined energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses allowed for revealing that surprising feature, which was then confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Coherency for such large second‐phase particles is supported by a very low crystal lattice misfit between the two phases, which was confirmed thanks to X‐ray diffractograms and TEM selected area electron diffraction patterns. Dynamic recrystallization of polycrystalline γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloys has been extensively studied in terms of mechanisms and kinetics. As in many materials with low stacking fault energy, under forging conditions, the main softening mechanism is discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. This mechanism occurs with preferential nucleation on the grain boundaries of the deformed matrix. The latter is then being consumed by the growth of the newly formed grains of low energy and by nucleation that keeps generating new grains. In the case of sub‐solvus forging, large γ’ particles usually pin the migrating boundaries and thus limit grain growth to a size which is determined by the distribution of second‐phase particles, in good agreement with the Smith–Zener model. Under particular circumstances, the driving force associated with the difference in stored energy between the growing grains and the matrix can be large enough that the pinning forces can be overcome, and some grains can then reach much larger grain sizes. In the latter exceptional case, some intragranular primary γ’ particles can be observed, although they are almost exclusively located on grain boundaries and triple junctions otherwise. In both cases, primary precipitates have no special orientation relationship with the surrounding matrix grain(s). This paper demonstrates the existence of high fractions of large γ’ precipitate (several micrometres in diameter) that are coherent with their surrounding matrix grain, in a commercial γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloy. Such a configuration is very surprising, because there is apparently no reason for the coherency of such particles.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of dislocation nucleation and motion at γ/γ′ interface in Ni-based superalloy

Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted on the dislocation behavior at the apices and edges of cuboidal Ni₃Al precipitate in a pure Ni matrix, or the idealized γ/γ′ microstructure in a Ni-based superalloy. A tensile simulation of the [001] direction is implemented with a periodic cell that has eight cubic precipitates in order to investigate the nucleation site of dislocation in the idealized microstructure with no defects other than the γ/γ′ interfaces. The effect of residual internal stresses on the stability of the interfaces is also discussed. Other simulations are conducted on the behavior of edge dislocations nucleated from a free surface and proceeding in the γ matrix toward γ′ precipitates under shear force. Dislocation pinning at γ′ precipitates, bowing-out in the γ channel, pile-up and nucleation of superdislocation in the γ′ precipitate are simulated and inspected in detail. Discussions on the size of the γ/γ′ microstructure and the sharpness of the edge of the γ′ precipitate are also presented.     

3-PRR平面三自由度纳米定位平台的设计

本文设计了一种由压电陶瓷驱动的应变片进行检测的平面三自由度纳米定位平台,该平台采用的是平板铰链、直圆铰链及单边V型铰链导向的3-PRR结构。通过建立平台的伪刚体模型及对其进行位姿分析,获得了平台的正、逆解。同时,运用有限元分析方法对平台进行了仿真分析。搭建了3-PRR平面三自由度纳米定位平台测试实验系统对所设计平台进行试验。实验结果显示:3-PRR平台沿x轴、y轴的行程及最大转角分别为-11.32~11.41μm、-12.47~12.76μm、3.63′,对应的分辨率分别为71nm、83nm、1.35″。理论分析结果、有限元仿真结果与实验结果的最大误差分别为5.87%、6.19%,验证了理论分析和有限元仿真的正确性。x轴及y轴的位移输出与应变片的输出电压近似呈正比关系,证实了利用应变片来检测3-PRR平台运动的可行性。