压制次数对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料物理性能的影响

粉末压制是粉末冶金工艺关键步骤,压制压力直接影响着粉末冶金压坯的密度,提高压坯密度有助于提高粉末冶金制品的各项力学性能和物理性能。随着压制压力的提高,压坯密度呈现先急增后缓增的趋势,因此压制压力的大小严重影响着粉末冶金制品的性能。然而当压制压力不能使粉末冶金摩擦材料制品达到所需的压坯密度时,增加压制次数也能够在一定程度上提高压坯密度,一般情况下铜粉的屈服强度为200MPa左右,而一般铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料制品所需要的压制压力为600～800MPa,当使用低压压制时为了达到所需的压坯密度、硬度及各项物理性能,可适当增加压制次数,从而同样能达到改善压坯物理性能的目的。     

采用喷撒工艺制备铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料

研究了喷撒工艺在45钢基体上制备铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料的压制、烧结工艺,分析了工艺参数对铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响,对摩擦层与钢板结合强度进行了重点分析.结果表明:试验条件下的最佳生产工艺的预烧结温度1 050℃,保温时间2 h,压制压力500 MPa,终烧结温度1 030℃,保温时间2 h,在此条件下,试样具有较高的硬度、适宜的密度及良好的结合强度.     

部分扩散预合金温压铁-铜-镍-钼-碳材料的组织与性能

对部分扩散预合金Fe-2Cu-2Ni-1Mo-1C粉末的温压行为及烧结和热处理后的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:模壁润滑温压工艺能明显提高烧结材料的密度和性能;在130℃、400～700 MPa压力范围内材料压坯密度、烧结密度和烧结性能均随压制压力增大而提高;700 MPa下材料压坯密度7.34 g/cm3;1 150℃烧结60 min后密度为7.32 g/cm3,抗拉强度达到853 MPa,表面硬度302 HB,伸长率4.4%;热处理对烧结材料力学性能提高效果显著;880℃淬火 350℃回火60 min材料的综合性能较好,抗拉强度1 086 MPa,表面硬度295 HB,伸长率3.7%,显微组织为马氏体、回火屈氏体和残余奥氏体.     

铁基粉末冶金材料的温压工艺

介绍了温压技术的工艺过程和致密化机制,采用温压工艺制备铁基粉末冶金材料,优选出了适合于温压工艺的聚合物添加剂,并确定了其最佳压制温度范围。试验表明,采用温压工艺可提高材料的生坯和烧结体密度以及力学性能     

Fe-Mo-B预合金粉对温压铁基材料烧结硬化性能的影响

研究了Fe-Mo-B预合金粉的含量对温压铁基材料烧结硬化后试样的密度、尺寸精度、表观硬度和抗拉强度以及显微组织的影响。结果表明：混合粉中加入一定量的Fe-Mo-B预合金粉,利用温压工艺压制成形后烧结硬化,可有效提高试样的力学性能并可获得典型贝氏体组织。烧结试样密度最高为7．49g／cm^3,其相对密度为97．74％;表观硬度最高可达44HRC,抗拉强度为1434MPa。     

烧结压力对粉末冶金铁基材料显微组织与性能的影响研究

烧结压力是粉末冶金材料制备过程中关键的工艺因素之一.根据45钢的铁碳配比,选取四种烧结压力4MPa、24MPa、40MPa和56MPa,在其他相关因素相同的情况下,分别考察这四种烧结压力对铁基粉末冶金材料的显微组织和性能的影响.实验表明,随着烧结压力的增加材料的密度也增加,当压力增加到一定程度即40MPa时,密度不再有大的变化;硬度也同样逐渐增大,在40MPa时达到峰值;断裂方式和烧结压力没有关系,但随着压力的增加断裂韧性越来越大,断裂痕迹愈发明显.     

铁基合金粉末低温温压工艺研究

对铁基合金粉末低温温压工艺进行了较为系统的研究,考察了粉末温度、模具温度、润滑剂含量和压制压力对温压密度的影响。结果表明：较佳的模具、粉末温度分别为120℃和100℃;粉末中较佳的润滑剂含量为0．65％;当压力为686MPa时,Fe-1．5Cu-0．5C和Fe-1．5Ni-0．5Mo-0．5Cu-0．5C粉末压坯密度分别达到了7．42,7．41g／cm^3;两种粉末的温压坯件经过烧结后密度进一步提高,合金元素镍、钼等具有优良的烧结强化效果。     

WC颗粒增强钢基复合材料的制备及耐磨性研究

以0.076～0.1mmWC颗粒为增强相,45钢为基体,采用粉末冶金真空烧结法制备颗粒增强钢基表面复合材料,考察了常温压制烧结和温压烧结2种工艺条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,对于质量配比1∶1的WC和45钢粉末,采用硬脂酸锌作润滑剂,压制温度140℃,压制压力320kN,得到较为理想的复合材料,其耐磨性是Cr15的2.8倍,是同样工艺条件下常温压制试样的2.9倍。     

粉末冶金法制备多孔Ni-Ti合金的烧结过程研究

研究粉末冶金法固相烧结多孔体的原理及工艺参数,并对多孔Ni-Ti合金烧结进行实验研究,结果表明,在140MPa压力下压制,在950℃下粉末冶金固相烧结制备的Ni-Ti合金,具有以NiTi为主相的、合适孔隙度的合金.     

烧结温度对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料组织和性能的影响

在不同烧结温度下(850~1 000℃)制备了铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料,研究了烧结温度对其组织、密度、硬度、抗压强度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,由此得到了最佳的烧结温度。结果表明:在不同烧结温度下,材料中的各组元均分布均匀,鳞片状石墨垂直于压制方向,并呈层状分布,SiO2以黑色大颗粒状镶嵌于铜基体内;随着烧结温度升高,孔隙的数量减少,尺寸减小,材料的硬度逐渐增大,密度和抗拉压度均先增大后减小,磨损量先降低后升高,磨擦因数逐渐降低;最佳的烧结温度为950℃,此时材料的密度为5.84g·cm-3,抗压强度为115MPa,摩擦因数为0.46,磨损量为0.063g。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

基于多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化

针对传统的电力系统多目标粒子群优化算法采用权重系数法将多目标转化为单目标,从而忽视了各目标函数间的竞争关系这一问题,提出将非支配解提取法运用到电力系统多目标无功优化中,并设定了一套提取规则,以电力系统中的有功网损、电压偏差和电压稳定裕度为目标,使目标在充分竞争的情况下得出Pareto最优解,利用IEEE-14节点系统对多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化进行了仿真测试。研究结果表明,该算法一次运行可以得出多组非支配解,既有偏向单个目标的解也有兼顾所有目标的解,克服了权重系数法的盲目性和单一性,可使电力决策者根据实际问题选择最优解,具有较好的灵活性与多样性。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.