基于数值模型的数控加工中切削力与稳定域仿真

针对数控铣削加工工艺参数选择存在的问题,以球头铣刀高速铣削过程为研究对象,建立了考虑机床-刀具-工件系统振动的非线性动力学模型,分析了铣削力中的动态分量对切削颤振的影响,在考虑再生颤振的基础上建立非线性动力学模型.基于动态铣削力建模和颤振稳定域分析计算,提出了机床切削系统稳定性极限预测方法,并对其进行仿真分析,为铣削加...     

基于时域仿真法的断续铣削颤振预测

颤振是影响铣削加工表面质量和限制切削效率的重要原因,准确获取稳定性叶瓣图是避免颤振的有效途径.精加工铣削常使用小径向切深/刀具直径比,产生过小的实时切削厚度,刀具容易脱离工件,造成显著非线性因素;过小的径向切深/刀具直径比也导致铣削加工高度断续.因此,常用的圆弧切削厚度已不能近似实际切削厚度,进而影响断续铣削加工颤振预测.采用考虑实际切削厚度的时域仿真法预测断续铣削加工颤振稳定性.该方法使用刀具实际运动轨迹计算切削厚度,并综合考虑了铣削过程中刀具和工件的动力学特性对切削厚度的影响.提出基于相关系数的无量纲颤振判定准则,并用于铣削仿真结果加工状态的判定.通过钛合金Ti6Al4V铣削验证试验结果,所提出的时域仿真法能准确预测小径向切深/刀具直径比所致的断续铣削加工稳定性叶瓣图,为高断续铣削加工无颤振加工参数选择提供了一种有效方法.     

基于刀具跳动的环形铣刀切削厚度模型的切削力计算

数控铣削过程中,切削变形引起的瞬时切削厚度是影响铣削加工切削力建模的重要参数之一,针对环形铣刀的切削特点,在考虑刀具跳动的情况下,对真实刀刃轨迹运动进行分析。将微细铣削的加工过程用宏观铣削来表示,从而建立了基于宏观铣削过程中刀具跳动下精密加工的瞬时切削厚度。通过仿真模拟和切削力试验来预测切削力,预测结果和试验结果具有一致性,表明该模型可以更好的预测加工过程中的切削力。     

基于MATLAB的铣削加工颤振稳定域仿真算法及实现

针对国内数控铣削加工工艺参数选择存在的问题,基于动态铣削力建模和颤振稳定域分析计算,以MATLAB为开发工具,实现了铣削加工颤振稳定域仿真算法.通过模态锤击实验获得的频响函数,仿真出了整个加工系统的颤振稳定域图形,为进行铣削加工切削参数选择和优化提供了理论依据.验证实验证实了仿真算法的有效性和准确性,仿真方法在工厂得到了实际应用并取得了良好的应用效果.     

模具平面铣削加工动态仿真研究

在平面铣削颤振产生机理的基础上,简单论述了一种更精确有效的动态铣削力理论模型的建立过程,该模型充分考虑瞬态切屑的厚度及有效前角对动态铣削力的影响。在此基础上,运用数字仿真技术在频域内建立起动态铣削力和刀具-工件系统的相对振动位移的计算机仿真模型。利用该仿真模型,可以实时显示不同工艺参数和加工参数状态下动态铣削力的数值及其功率谱密度图形以及刀具-工件系统的动态振动位移图形。仿真结果将为预测和消除铣削过程的颤振现象,保证加工质量和加工效率,延长刀具使用寿命提供可靠的依据。     

基于小波包及Hilbert-Huang变换的数控铣削颤振诊断技术

为了提高产品加工质量,根据试验测得铣削系统颤振稳定域,制定并采集数控铣削振动信号,以保证采集信号的准确性;融合小波包变换与希尔伯特黄变换,从能量频域分布与幅值概率统计分布两方面提取信号特征值,其中小波包降噪作为信号前置处理能有效降低环境噪声干扰的影响,提高经验模式分解的精度;建立基于模糊支持向量机的颤振诊断模型,将振动信号分为平稳铣削信号、微弱颤振铣削信号、颤振铣削信号及刀具磨损铣削信号。实验结果表明,该模型具有良好的铣削振动信号辨识与诊断能力,预测准确率达97.3%,为数控铣削加工振动信号的准确辨识与诊断提供了一种新方法。     

数控铣削加工中球头铣刀使用寿命仿真建模研究

本文介绍了仿真建模技术的基本概念,分析了球头铣刀铣削过程中铣刀磨损为非均匀磨损,刀具使用寿命沿铣刀轴线方向,随铣削参数及铣削方式的变化而变化;采用微分化方法,建立了球头铣刀使用寿命仿真数学模型,实现了球头铣刀使用寿命的仿真预测;球头铣刀使用寿命仿真数学模型为建立合理、准确的数控铣削用量,实现数控铣削加工的参数优化提供了可靠的保证。     

一种面向数控工艺参数优化的铣削过程动力学仿真系统研究

针对当前国内数控加工过程中工艺参数选择和优化存在的问题,在对国内外铣削过程动力学建模、仿真和优化进行深入研究的基础上,开发了一套面向数控铣削加工过程的动力学仿真优化系统。该系统以Matlab-GUIDE为软件开发平台,可以快速、有效地预测铣削加工过程中刀具的瞬时铣削力、主轴功率、主轴转矩等物理量,预测加工表面的形貌与刀具的振动情况。同时,借助于实验模态分析结果,可以准确地计算出整个系统的稳定切削区域,为数控机床工艺参数的合理、有效选择提供了有益的指导和理论依据。整个仿真系统的主要功能在多台数控加工中心上得到了成功的验证。     

数控小尺寸铣削刀具切削稳定性研究

在较大功率的数控机床上进行铣削加工时,直径小于ф25mm铣刀的切削稳定性受到了一定程度的限制。通过实验和仿真研究了数控铣削加工的颤振稳定性,分析了刀具直径、装刀悬伸长度以及工艺系统刚度对颤振稳定域的影响。研究表明:采用较大的刀具直径和较短的安装悬伸长度,可以提高切削稳定性,同时也提高了极限轴向切削深度。通过颤振稳定域极限切深波瓣图,能有效地预报最大轴向切削深度下的切削速度,可较好地挖掘机床的切削潜能。     

内圆角铣削加工几何分析及铣削力预测

为实现内圆角加工瞬时铣削力预测,提出了工件轮廓和刀具路径的参数化表示方法,依据圆弧角大小不同将内圆角铣削分为两类,分析了其铣削过程。建立了瞬时铣削力模型,采用等参数间隔法,推导了刀具瞬时位置和位置角计算公式。针对不同铣削阶段,给出了实际径向切深计算模型,提出了基于实际径向切深的瞬时未变形切屑厚度计算方法。对内圆角加工的铣削力预测,并进行试验验证。仿真结果与试验结果在变化趋势和幅值方面均具有良好的一致性,仿真耗时显著减小,表明提出的铣削力模型具有较高的精度和计算效率,从而为恒负载铣削和颤振抑制提供了理论基础。     

A novel chatter stability criterion for the modelling and simulation of the dynamic milling process in the time domain

The modelling of the dynamic processes in milling and the determination of chatter-free cutting conditions are becoming increasingly important in order to facilitate the effective planning of machining operations. In this study, a new chatter stability criterion is proposed, which can be used for a time domain milling process simulation and a model-based milling process control. A predictive time domain model is presented for the simulation and analysis of the dynamic cutting process and chatter in milling. The instantaneous undeformed chip thickness is modelled to include the dynamic modulations caused by the tool vibrations so that the dynamic regeneration effect is taken into account. The cutting force is determined by using a predictive machining theory. A numerical method is employed to solve the differential equations governing the dynamics of the milling system. The work proposes that the ratio of the predicted maximum dynamic cutting force to the predicted maximum static cutting force can be used as a criterion for the chatter stability. Comparisons between the simulation and experimental results are given to verify the new model.     

A numerical study of the effects of cutter runout on milling process geometry based on true tooth trajectory

Cutter runout is a common phenomenon affecting the cutting performances in milling operations. To date, most of the milling process models considering cutter runout were established based on the circular tooth path approximation, which brought errors into the runout estimation. In this paper, a new approach is presented for modelling the milling process geometry with cutter runout based on the true tooth trajectory of cutter in milling. The mathematical relationship between the trajectories generated by successive cutter teeth with runout is analysed. The milling process geometrical parameters, including the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness, the entry and exit angles of a cutting tooth, and the ideal peripheral machined workpiece surface roughness, are modelled according to the true tooth trajectories. Numerical method is used to solve the derived transcendental equations. A simulation study of the effects of cutter runout on milling process geometry is conducted using the models. It was found that the change of cutter radius for a tooth relative to its preceding one is the most important factor in evaluating the effects of cutter runout.     

基于VSSPMP的非线性立铣加工过程振动控制研究

综合考虑了再生振动效应与刀具偏心模型对动态铣削厚度的影响,建立了非线性立铣加工过程消耗能量表达式,以此作为目标函数提出了铣削振动状态预估与控制措施;利用铣削过程虚拟仿真系统对该方法的有效性和实用性进行了验证。     

A prediction method of milling chatter stability for complex surface mold

This paper proposes a kind of milling chatter stability prediction method used for the stability of milling free-form surface based on the time-domain. Firstly, a dynamic equation is established by considering the influence of mold surface curvature and cutting tool lead angle on dynamic chip thickness without deformation. Then, the multi-delay milling system vibration displacement, which is given by the ratio of dynamic chip thickness and the static chip thickness as the threshold, was calculated based on the numerical method. Finally, the chatter stability domain based on the full-discretization method of milling chatter stability domain is compared to analyze the influence of the characteristics of free surface curvature on the chatter stability domain. The results of the experiment show that the time-domain simulation method can reveal the influence of different processing areas of free-form surface mold on the instability mechanism of the system. The change trend of milling chatter stability domain was found to be consistent with the experimental results.     

基于内置力执行器的铣削颤振的主动控制

高速加工中铣削颤振不仅降低工件的表面加工质量,严重时还会造成刀具或者其他加工部件的损坏,因此对电主轴铣削颤振进行控制具有重要的意义。为对电主轴铣削过程中的颤振进行有效控制,在双绕组无轴承感应电动机的基础上,提出一种具有内置力执行器的感应型高速电主轴结构,建立电主轴—刀具系统的有限元模型、动态铣削模型、双绕组感应型电主轴电磁力模型,在对具有内置力执行器的感应型高速电主轴电磁力进行解耦后,提出基于内置力执行器的电主轴铣削颤振的主动控制方案,通过仿真分析控制器的主要参数对电主轴铣削稳定性的影响。结果表明采用具有内置力执行器的感应型高速电主轴能够有效地提高电主轴铣削的稳定区域以及在抑制铣削颤振方面具有明显效果。     

A new method for cutting force prediction in peripheral milling of complex curved surface

The instantaneous uncut chip thickness and entry/exit angle of tool/workpiece engagement vary with tool path, workpiece geometry and cutting parameters in peripheral milling of complex curved surface, leading to the strong time-varying characteristic for instantaneous cutting forces. A new method for cutting force prediction in peripheral milling of complex curved surface is proposed in this paper. Considering the tool path, cutter runout, tool type(constant/nonconstant pitch cutter) and tool actual motion, a representation model of instantaneous uncut chip thickness and entry/exit angle of tool/ workpiece engagement is established firstly, which can reach better accuracy than the traditional models. Then, an approach for identifying of cutter runout parameters and calibrating of specific cutting force coefficients is presented. Finally, peripheral milling experiments are carried out with two types of tool, and the results indicate that the predicted cutting forces are highly consistent with the experimental values in the aspect of variation tendency and amplitude.     

微铣削中考虑刀具跳动的瞬时切厚解析计算方法

通过研究刀具实际切削过程中的余摆线轨迹及其影响,提出一种新的瞬时切厚解析计算方法,并针对两齿、四齿的情况给出瞬时切厚的具体计算公式。在两齿和四齿铣槽工况下,分析刀具跳动量和跳动角度对各齿切削过程的影响。该方法考虑刀具的综合径向跳动(包括主轴跳动,刀具制造安装误差等综合形成的径向跳动值),适用于微铣削中任意齿数刀具瞬时切厚的计算。通过与宏观铣削中的传统切厚计算公式、BAO模型和Newton-Raphson等数值法对比,量化指出了微细铣削加工与传统宏观铣削加工的一些不同,同时验证了提出的方法具有计算简洁、精度高和通用性强的优势。基于该模型进行了微铣削铣槽试验中切削力的预测,预测结果和试验结果相符良好,验证了模型的正确性和实用意义。     

球头刀铣削过程动力学模型

建立了考虑刀杆柔性的球头铣刀铣削振动模型,探讨了交变轴向力对刀杆固有频率的影响。考虑刀具动态变形和工件表面波纹对切削厚度的再生反馈,建立了球头刀铣削动力学模型,对铣削中的动态铣削力和刀杆振动进行了仿真,证明了离线仿真可以对铣削过程动特性做出预测。