Emulsion liquid membrane for selective extraction of bismuth from nitrate medium

The novelty of this work is the selective extraction of bismuth ions from nitrate medium by emulsion liquid membrane. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid was used as extractant of bismuth ions from nitrate medium by emulsion liquid membrane, and Triton X-100 was used as the biodegradable surfactant in n-pantanol n-pentanol bulk membrane. The extraction of bismuth ions was evaluated by the yield of extraction. The experimental parameters were evaluated and were optimized. They included the ratio of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid concentration to the concentration of /Triton X-100 concentration (1.0: 0.5% w/w), nature of diluents (n-pentanol), nature and concentration of the stripping solution (sulfuric acid, 0.5M), stirring speed (1,800 rpm) and equilibrium time of extraction (20min), initial feed solution of bismuth (350 ppm) and the volume ratio of the internal stripping phase to the membrane phase (14 times). The experimental parameters of kinetic extraction revealed that the bismuth ions were extracted at 100% 97%.     

Response Surface Optimization of Dysprosium Extraction Using an Emulsion Liquid Membrane Integrated with Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

A new emulsion liquid membrane was prepared for dysprosium (Dy) extraction from aqueous solution using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The influence of MWCNT concentration, carrier and surfactant concentration, stirring speed, feed‐phase pH, and internal phase concentration and their interactive effects were studied. A regression model for Dy extraction was developed and the parameters were optimized by response surface methodology. The extent of extraction increases with higher MWCNT concentration up to a certain level. The Dy extraction through the liquid membrane containing MWCNT improves with time. Moreover, the overall mass transfer coefficient was enhanced in the presence of MWCNT due to the formation of a more stable emulsion and liquid membrane.     

乳化液膜法提取废水中的阿司匹林

针对阿司匹林（ASA）结晶母液经处理后产生的废液,采用搅拌和超声结合的方法制备了乳化液膜体系来回收ASA。以环己烷为膜溶剂,Span80做表面活性剂,石蜡做膜稳定剂,氢氧化钠（NaOH）为内水相,研究了表面活性剂浓度、内水相NaOH浓度、内水相类型、外相pH、油内比、乳水比、搅拌速度、膜溶剂类型、盐浓度、ASA初始浓度等试验条件对ASA萃取效果的影响,并进行了破乳研究。结果表明：在最佳实验条件下[环己烷90%（质量分数）、Span80 6%（质量分数）、C（NaOH）=0.1mol/L、油内比1：1、水乳比1：4、搅拌速度200r/min、ASA初始浓度500mg/L],不对外相进行pH调节时,15min后ASA的萃取率可高达97.4%。对实验后的乳液进行离心破乳,20min后破乳率可达72.9%,破乳后的油相重复利用5次后,对ASA的提取率仍在76%左右。     

Emulsion liquid membrane for selective extraction of Bi(III)

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid was used as extractant of bismuth ions from nitrate medium by emulsion liquid membrane, with Triton X-100 as the biodegradable surfactant in n-pentanol bulk membrane. The novelties and innovative points of this work are the application of emulsion liquid membrane for selective and efficient extraction of bismuth ions as wel as the relevant optimization procedures. The extraction of bismuth ions was evaluated by the yield of extraction. The experimental parameters were evaluated and optimized, including the ratio of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid mass concentration to Triton X-100 (1.0%:0.5%), nature of diluent (n-pentanol), nature and concentration of stripping solution (sulfuric acid, 0.5 mol·L?1), stirring speed (1800 r·min?1) and equilibrium time of extraction (20 min), initial feed solution of bismuth (350 mg·L?1) and the volume ratio of internal stripping phase to membrane phase (14). The experimental parameters of kinetic extraction reveal that the bismuth ions can be extracted by 100%.     

Zinc and Copper Separation through an Emulsion Liquid Membrane Containing Di‐(2‐Ethylhexyl) Phosphoric Acid as a Carrier

The separation of zinc and copper ions from sulfuric acid solutions by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), using di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a carrier, has been investigated. The batch extraction of zinc and copper was carried out while varying a selection of experimental conditions, i.e., stirring speed, treatment ratio, concentrations of metal ions in the feed phase, carrier and Span 80 concentration in the membrane, and internal phase concentration. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of D2EHPA as a carrier for the separation of zinc and copper from sulfuric acid media using an ELM. An increase of the D2EHPA concentration beyond 2 vol.‐% does not result in the improved extraction of zinc because the viscosities of the membrane and emulsion have a trend to increase for higher carrier concentrations. It was found that the extraction rate of copper was affected by the carrier concentration in the liquid membrane and by the pH and metal content in the external phase. A 3 vol.‐% concentration of surfactant in the organic phase was required to stabilize the emulsion. The number of stages required for the extraction of zinc and copper by an ELM was determined from McCabe‐Thiele plots.     

Studies of extraction of methylene blue from synthetic waste water using liquid emulsion membrane technology

A comprehensive study pertaining to liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) extraction process of methylene blue from wastewater is presented. The liquid membrane is made of an emulsifying agent (Monumal 80) with various organic diluents. Surfactant (5 wt%) (Monumal 80) and kerosene gave good extraction. Important variables affecting LEM permeation process include stability of membrane, contact time of extraction, strip phase concentration, treat ratio (strip phase: organic phase), stirring speed, feed phase concentration were systematically studied for percentage of extraction by LEM. Kerosene as diluent gave 99.57% extraction with NaOH as strip phase. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

乳状液膜提取青霉素及其溶胀的研究

采用W／O型乳状液膜提取模拟发酵液中的青霉素,考察膜相添加剂、表面活性剂、载体、解析剂Na2CO3浓度、搅拌速度对青霉素传质和液膜溶胀的影响。以span80为表面活性剂、三辛胺为流动载体、液体石蜡为膜相添加剂、煤油为膜溶剂组成的乳状液膜体系。结果表明：青霉素提取率随表面活性剂和载体浓度的增加而明显增加。但表面活性剂浓度增加使液膜易产生再乳化,而再乳化和搅拌是夹带溶胀产生的主要原因;水的渗透(渗透溶胀)随载体和内相NaCO3浓度升高而增加。液膜溶胀是影响液膜技术工业化应用的关键因素之一。适宜的液膜配方和操作条件,有利于控制液膜溶胀,增加青霉素的提取率。在本研究中,青霉素的提取率最高可达91．5％,液膜溶胀率为16％。     

乳状液膜法处理鲁奇气化含酚废水的研究

采用乳状液膜法处理鲁奇炉煤气化废水,通过单因素实验,研究了表面活性剂用量、制乳转速、NaOH浓度、乳水比对乳状液膜法处理废水效果的影响。实验还比较了乳状液膜法与二异丙醚、甲基异丁基甲酮两种溶剂萃取法的处理效果。结果表明,表面活性剂用量、制乳转速、NaOH质量分数、乳水比的最优条件分别是4%、5 000r/min、4%、1:1.5。乳状液膜法在脱酚效率上高于以二异丙醚和甲基异丁基甲酮为溶剂的液液萃取,但处理后废水COD较高。     

Separation of Toluene and n‐Heptane through Emulsion Liquid Membranes Containing Ag+ as Carrier

Using silver ions as carrier in oil/water/oil‐type emulsion liquid membranes, batch wise extraction experiments were carried out to separate toluene from a mixture of toluene and n‐heptane. The separation performances, represented by the permeation rate, emulsion stability, and separation factor, were analyzed systematically by varying the operating parameters, viz., contact time, concentration of Ag⁺, emulsification time, surfactant concentration, membrane stabilizer concentration, relative amount of solvent, and initial feed phase concentration. The emulsion liquid membranes thus formed are stable, and Ag⁺ and surfactant concentrations strongly affect the permeation behavior of toluene.     

Extraction of Amino-J Acid from Waste-water by Emulsion Liquid Membrane

The emulsion liquid membrane technique was used to extract amino-J acid from industrial dye waste-water. The effects of stirring speed, ratio of the emulsion to water (Rew), ratio of the oil to internal phase (Roi) and membrane phase components on the extraction rate were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the extraction rate of amino-J acid approached 97% when the stirring speed was 300 r/min, Rew 1:6, Roi 1:1, trioctylamine (TOA) 3 mL/100 mL kerosene, and methyl-didecyle-alcohol-acrylate (LMA-2) 3 g/100 mL kerosene, respectively. The extraction rate had not changed with the oil phase reused for times.     

Recovery of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Hollow Fiber Supported Emulsion Liquid Membrane

Recovery of copper ions from wastewater using a hollow fiber supported emulsion liquid membrane (HFSELM) was studied with LIX984N as carrier, kerosene as diluents, and sulfuric acid solution as strippi...     

Recovery of Nitrophenols from Aqueous Solutions by a Liquid Emulsion Membrane System

Abstract

The application of liquid emulsion membrane technology to the extraction of nitrophenols from aqueous solutions is discussed. The effects of various parameters such as hydrophilic lipophilic balance of the surfactants, speed of agitation, water volume fraction in the water-in-oil emulsion, treatment ratio, and the concentration of surfactant on the extraction of p-nitrophenol are studied, and a suitable formulation for a liquid emulsion membrane is developed. The same formulation was used to extract o-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol, and the results are compared with those of p-nitrophenol. The swelling of the emulsion during extraction is minimized by the addition of cyclohexanone to the membrane phase. The demulsification of the emulsion phase after extraction is also carried out by a chemical demulsification technique. Acetone is used for demulsification.     

乳状液膜法分离富集废旧镍镉电池中的镉

该文介绍了乳状液膜法分离富集废旧镍镉电池中的镉离子。乳状液膜主要由溶剂(煤油)、表面活性剂(Span80)、载体〔二(2-乙基己基)膦酸,P204〕和内水相氨水组成。对影响镉离子渗透和分离过程的重要变量进行了考察,分析了乳状液膜的载体体积分数、外水相pH、搅拌时间、乳水比(乳液与外水相体积比)及Span80体积分数对镍镉分离效果的影响,从而选择出最佳的分离条件为:φ(P204)=4.4%,φ(Span80)=8.8%,pH=5.5,乳水比0.5,搅拌时间10min。用此乳状液膜进行100L反应釜的工业放大实验,镉的迁移率可达93.3%,而镍的迁移率仅为14.6%。     

Easy removing of phenol from wastewater using vegetable oil-based organic solvent in emulsion liquid membrane process

Phenol is considered as pollutant due to its toxicity and carcinogenic effect.Thus,variety of innovative methods for separation and recovery of phenolic compounds is developed in order to remove the unwanted phenol from wastewater and obtain valuable phenolic compound.One of potential method is extraction using green based liquid organic solvent.Therefore,the feasibility of using palm oil was investigated.In this research,palm oil based organic phase was used as diluents to treat a simulated wastewater containing 300×10~(-6) of phenol solution using emulsion liquid membrane process(ELM).The stability of water-in-oil(W/O) emulsion on diluent composition and the parameters affecting the phenol removal efficiency and stability of the emulsion;such as emulsification speed,emulsification time,agitation speed,surfactant concentration,pH of external phase,contact time,stripping agent concentration and treat ratio were carried out.The results of ELM study showed that at ratio7 to 3 of palm oil to kerosene,5 min and 1300 r·min~(-1) of emulsification process the stabile primary emulsion were formed.Also,no carrier is needed to facilitate the phenol extraction.In experimental conditions of500 r·min~(-1) of agitation speed,3%Span 80,pH 8 of external phase,5 min of contact time,0.1 mol·L~(-1) NaOH as stripping agent and 1:10 of treat ratio,the ELM process was very promising for removing the phenol from the wastewater.The extraction performance at about 83%of phenol was removed for simulated wastewater and an enrichment of phenol in recovery phase as phenolate compound was around 11 times.     

液膜法提取绿原酸的实验研究

采用液膜法提取杜仲叶中绿原酸,通过正交实验对液膜制备工艺和绿原酸提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明,液膜制备的最佳工艺条件为:NaOH浓度4mol.L-1、吐温-20质量分数8%、搅拌速度350r.min-1;绿原酸提取的最佳工艺条件为:混合时间8min、乳水比1∶2、搅拌速度100r.min-1、油内比3∶1。液膜法实现了对绿原酸的提取和浓缩,为进一步开发利用绿原酸提供了依据。     

Development and Scale-up of Aqueous Surfactant-Assisted Extraction of Canola Oil for Use as Biodiesel Feedstock

Aqueous surfactant-assisted extraction (ASE) has been proposed as an alternative to n-hexane for extraction of vegetable oil; however, the use of inexpensive surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the effect of ASE on the quality of biodiesel from the oil are not well understood. Therefore, the effects on total oil extraction efficiency of surfactant concentration, extraction time, oilseed to liquid ratio and other parameters were evaluated using ASE with ground canola and SDS in aqueous solution. The highest total oil extraction efficiency was 80 %, and was achieved using 0.02 M SDS at 20 °C, solid–liquid ratio 1:10 (g:mL), 1,000 rpm stirring speed and 45 min contact time. Applying triple extraction with three stages reduced the amount of SDS solution needed by 50 %. The ASE method was scaled up to extract 300 g of ground canola using the best combination of extraction conditions as described above. The extracted oil from the scale-up of the ASE method passed the recommendation for biodiesel feedstock quality with respect to water content, acid value and phosphorous content. Water content, kinematic viscosity, acid value and oxidative stability index of ASE biodiesel were within the ASTM D6751 biodiesel standards.     

The extraction of lactic acid by emulsion type of liquid membranes using alamine 336 in escaid 100

The extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions through an emulsion liquid membrane containing Alamine 336 as carrier was investigated. The influence of mixing speed, diluent type, surfactant concentration, extractant concentration, feed solution pH, stripping concentration, phase ratio, and feed concentration were examined. Liquid membrane consists of a diluent (n‐heptane, toluene, kerosene, Escaid 100, and Escaid 200), a surfactant (Span 80) and an extractant (Alamine 336), and Na₂CO₃ were used as a stripping solution. It is possible to extract 91% of lactic acid from aqueous solutions using Alamine 336 in Escaid 100, as an extractant and a diluent respectively.     

乳状液膜法萃取废水中氰化物的特性

针对氰化废水的特点,以三正辛胺（TOA）为载体、煤油为膜溶剂、液体石蜡为膜助剂、NaOH水溶液为内水相,采用乳状液膜技术处理工业废水中的氰化物。重点考察了表面活性剂用量、流动载体用量、内相液NaOH浓度等因素对氰化物萃取率的影响规律。研究结果表明：当TOA体积分数为2%、表面活性剂Span-80体积分数为3%、液体石蜡体积分数为1%、内水相NaOH质量分数为2%、油内比为1︰1、乳水比为1︰7、萃取时间为15min时,氰化废水中氰化物的萃取率达到95%以上。在实验得出的最优条件下,考察最优条件对初始浓度不同的实际废水的适用范围,分别对初始浓度为322.23mg/L、483.35mg/L、644.46mg/L和966.70mg/L的氰化废水进行处理,可得该体系下处理氰化废水的较佳的浓度范围为300～500mg/L,氰化废水中氰化物的萃取率可达到95%以上。综上所述,乳状液膜法在工业上具有良好的应用前景。     

Emulsion liquid membrane stability in the extraction of ionized nanosilver from wash water

The discharge of ionized nanosilver into environment triggers a great concern owing to the toxicity problem for aquatic organism. In this study, emulsion liquid membrane used to extract the ionized nanosilver from wash water. Variables like carrier, stripping agent and surfactant concentrations, emulsifying time, homogenizer and agitation speed, pH feed phase, and effect of ionic liquid [BMIM]⁺[NTf₂]⁻were investigated. The membrane phase containing Cyanex 302, Span 80, acidic Thiourea, and kerosene as carrier, surfactant, stripping agent, and diluent respectively. Results demonstrated that 99.89% of silver ion was extracted and ionic liquid show good performance on emulsion stability with 10% swelling.     

W/O/W型乳状液膜溶胀研究进展

对液膜分离技术中溶胀的分类、产生机理及近年来国内外研究进展进行了总结;针对液膜的配比和操作控制参数进行了细致深入的分析,对影响液膜溶胀的参数包括表面活性剂、流动载体、油内比、乳水比及萃取过程中搅拌时间和速度等进行了归纳,最后指出了乳状液膜技术研究的重点和方向。