WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的冷喷涂制备

采用WC/Fe/Al混合粉末,通过机械合金化制备40v0l％ WC/Fe(Al)固溶体复合粉末,利用冷喷涂沉积涂层并结合热处理原位反应制备了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.研究了球磨时间对复合粉末相结构、晶粒尺寸及组织结构的影响,并分析了冷喷涂WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的组织和显微硬度.结果表明,机械合金化可获得WC陶瓷颗粒呈微/纳米多尺度分布的WC/Fe(Al)金属陶瓷复合粉末,球磨36 h的复合粉末基体相平均晶粒尺寸约为90 nm,冷喷复合涂层组织致密、多尺度WC颗粒在基体中均匀弥散分布,涂层显微硬度约为1060 HV0.3,涂层在650℃热处理后发生Fe(Al)固溶体向FeAl金属间化合物的原位转变,制备出了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.     

冷喷涂制备纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层

利用机械合金化制备纳米结构FeAl固溶体合金粉末,采用冷喷涂沉积Fe(Al)固溶体合金涂层并结合后热处理原位反应制备了纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了机械合金化Fe(Al)固溶体合金粉末、喷涂态Fe(Al)合金及热处理后FeAl金属间化合物涂层的组织结构特征。结果表明,球磨Fe(Al)合金粉末具有精细的层状结构,喷涂态Fe(Al)合金涂层具有不同于传统热喷涂涂层的独特层状结构,保留了与原始粉末类似的纳米结构;在500℃热处理后涂层中Fe(Al)固溶体转变为FeAl金属间化合物,其晶粒尺寸约为30 nm。     

冷喷涂SiC/Al纳米复合涂层的组织结构与性能

为制备基体相晶粒细小、增强相均匀分布的SiC/Al纳米复合涂层,以Al、SiC为原料,采用高能球磨法获得SiC颗粒弥散分布的纳米晶Al基复合材料粉末,利用冷喷涂技术低温成型制备了SiC/Al纳米复合涂层,分析了SiC含量对复合涂层相结构、晶粒尺寸、微观结构、硬度及磨损性能的影响规律。结果表明：冷喷涂可实现球磨纳米晶复合粉末结构的原位移植,所制备SiC/Al纳米复合涂层组织致密,微米及亚微米级SiC弥散分布在纳米晶Al（约80 nm）基体之上;SiC颗粒对Al基体有明显强化作用,冷喷涂SiC/Al纳米复合涂层的硬度随SiC体积分数的增加而显著增加,50% SiC/Al纳米复合涂层的硬度高达515 HV_0.3,约为Al块材的13倍;冷喷涂SiC/Al纳米复合涂层的耐磨损性能随着SiC含量增加而显著提高,涂层磨损失效机制为磨粒对基体的切削犁沟变形。     

机械合金化过程中Fe-Al合金粉末的组织演变

将纯Fe粉和Al粉按原子比Fe∶Al=60∶40混合后,在行星式高能球磨机中进行机械合金化,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜和硬度仪研究球磨过程中Fe-Al合金粉末相结构、晶粒尺寸、表面形貌、截面形貌和硬度的演变规律。结果发现,球磨24 h后,Al原子全部固溶于Fe晶格中,形成Fe(Al)过饱和固溶体,随着球磨时间的增加,晶粒尺寸呈现先快后慢的减小趋势,球磨36 h后合金粉末的晶粒尺寸小于100 nm。粉末内部组织为层状结构,且随着球磨时间延长层片厚度不断减小,球磨36 h后层状结构全部消失,获得组织均匀的纳米晶Fe-Al合金粉末。随着球磨时间延长,Fe-Al合金粉末的硬度不断增加,球磨36 h后合金粉末的硬度约为405 HV0. 025。球磨Fe(Al)固溶体合金粉末在500℃热处理转变为有序Fe Al金属间化合物。     

Al2O3弥散强化316L不锈钢粉末的高速火焰喷涂

采用高能球磨工艺制备了Al2O3弥散强化316L不锈钢喷涂粉末,并进行高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)试验.研究了弥散强化粉末及其喷涂层的微观组织结构和硬度.采用销-盘磨损试验机测试了涂层的耐磨性能.结果表明,球磨加工后,Al2O3颗粒尺寸大多小于1 μm,由微米级、亚微米级及纳米级粒子组成并均匀分布在316L不锈钢基体粉末中.随着球磨时间的增加,粉末的显微硬度提高.喷涂后球磨粉末的微观组织结构基本不变,喷涂层的硬度比对应球磨粉末硬度低,其耐磨性明显优于单纯不锈钢粉末涂层.     

粉末结构对冷喷涂纳米结构WC-Co沉积行为的影响

纳米结构WC-Co具有比常规WC-Co更高的硬度,因此受到了广泛关注.冷喷涂制备纳米结构WC-Co涂层过程中,因粒子温度低于熔点,沉积过程需要依靠WC-Co粒子的塑性变形,然而WC-Co粒子变形能力有限,使得WC-Co涂层难以实现有效沉积.文中从粉末结构角度出发,选用3种不同孔隙结构的WC-12Co粉末,运用扫描电镜研究不同结构WC-12Co单个粒子在基体上的沉积行为,分析了3种粉末在相同喷涂工艺参数下沉积的涂层的组织结构.研究发现,定点喷涂容易实现,沉积的WC-12Co沉积层组织结构致密,硬度接近块材,为粉末的连续沉积制备涂层提供了可能.涂层的连续沉积需要粉末和基体材料均产生一定的变形,具有一定孔隙结构的纳米结构WC-Co粉末,因其多孔结构促进了粉末拟变形的发生,适合于冷喷涂制备纳米结构WC-Co涂层.     

镁合金表面冷喷涂快凝Zn-Al合金粉末的研究

对镁合金表面冷喷涂快凝Zn-Al合金粉末工艺进行了研究，观察了涂层微观组织，并分析了涂层与基体之间的结合，测定了涂层的硬度和涂层与基体的结合强度。结果表明，采用冷喷涂技术制备的快凝Zn—Al合金粉末涂层组织致密，基体与涂层的结合处只产生塑性变形并且无熔化现象，涂层硬度比基体硬度显著提高。     

机械合金化Fe-40Al合金粉末工艺研究

以Fe粉、Al粉末为对象,采用机械合金化制备Fe-40Al合金复合粉末,研究球磨工艺参数对Fe-40Al合金粉末形貌及组织结构的影响规律,为机械合金化制备适合冷喷涂用Fe-40Al合金粉末提供最佳的工艺参数。研究结果表明,球磨后的Fe-40Al合金粉末具有独特的层状组织结构,随着球磨时间的延长,Fe-40Al合金粉末的平均粒径不断减小,由于Fe、Al相互扩散作用加强,粉末内部的层状结构不断细化而消失;随着球料比增加,机械合金化效率显著提高,相同球磨时间内Fe-40Al合金粉末粒径减小的幅度显著增大,同时粉末内部合金化过程加剧,导致层状结构快速消失。     

Al2O3弥散强化Ni-Cr合金粉的微束等离子喷涂

用行星式球磨技术制备了Al2O3弥散强化Ni-Cr合金粉末.为改善球磨后粉末的流动性,对粉末进行了喷雾造粒,并利用微束等离子喷涂(MPS)技术制备涂层.采用XRD、SEM等方法研究弥散强化粉末及其喷涂层的微观组织结构.试验结果表明,球磨加工后,Al3O3颗粒尺寸为微纳米级,并弥散分布于Ni-Cr基体粉末中.经微束等离子喷涂后,涂层结构较致密,孔隙率低(<2%).涂层经650 ℃高温耐冲蚀试验后,发现微纳米结构涂层的耐冲蚀性良好,这与Al2O3陶瓷对涂层的增韧机理有关.     

机械合金化法制备Al—Cu—Fe纳米非晶合金

采用行星式高能球磨机制备了Al80-xCuxFe20(x=20-40）三元非晶纳米合金粉末,分析了不同球磨时间及热处理工艺对粉末结构、颗粒大小等的影响。结果表明：成分为Al40Cu40Fe20的粉末球磨时逐步非晶化,球磨33h后,非晶化程度最大,最小颗粒尺寸达到5．6nm;进一步球磨,非晶晶化,颗粒尺寸增大;成分为Al80-xCuxFe20(x=20,25,30)的粉末球磨90h后,得到非晶,最小颗粒尺寸为3．4nm。球磨制备的Al-Cu-Fe非晶粉末具有铁磁性。用DSC测量了其晶化温度（Tc),Tc≈873℃。     

Microstructure Characteristics of SiC Particle-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Coatings by Cold Spraying

A dense Al/SiCp composite coating with high volume fraction(60%)of nano SiCp reinforcement was fabricated by cold spraying of ball-milled Al-60SiCp composite powder.The morphologies evolution of the Al-60SiCp composite powder during ball milling and the microstructure and microhardness of the cold-sprayed Al-60SiCp composite coating were investigated.The results show that Al particles undergone fracture deformation and nano SiC particles are uniformly distributed in soft Al matrix after ball milling.A dense Al-60SiCp composite coating can be fabricated by cold spraying of ball milled composite powder.Nano SiC particles in the cold-sprayed Al-60SiCp composites coating exhibit a reasonably uniform distribution.The Hv0.5 microhardness of the Al-60SiCp composite coating is reached up to(5.30±0.53)GPa due to the enhancement of SiC particles,compared to(0.34±0.03)GPa for the pure Al bulk.     

镁合金表面冷喷涂纳米WC-17Co涂层及其性能

采用冷喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)在AZ80镁合金表面制备了纳米WC-17Co涂层。利用SEM分析了原始粉末形貌、喷涂粒子沉积行为及涂层显微结构,并采用球盘式摩擦磨损实验机考察了涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:采用冷喷涂工艺可在AZ80镁合金基体上制备出高质量的WC-17Co涂层,涂层的显微硬度为(1 380±82)HV,磨损率为9.1×10-7 mm3/Nm,其耐磨性较HVOF制备的WC-17Co涂层提高了1倍,较镁合金基材提高了3个数量级。研究表明,冷喷涂WC-17Co涂层在不对镁合金基体产生热影响的情况下,可以显著提高镁合金的表面性能,是一种新型镁合金表面强化工艺。     

Influence of Powder Porous Structure on the Deposition Behavior of Cold-Sprayed WC-12Co Coatings

The limited deformation of hard cermet particles and impacted coating makes it difficult for conventional thermal spray powders to continuously build up on impact in cold spraying. In this study, three nanostructured WC-12Co powders with different porous structure and apparent hardness were employed to deposit WC-Co coatings on stainless steel substrate by cold spraying. The deposition characteristics of three powders of porosity from 44 to 5% were investigated. It was found that WC-Co coating is easily built-up using porous powders with WC particles bonded loosely and a low hardness. The microhardness of WC-12Co coatings varied from 400 to 1790 Hv with powders and spray conditions, which depends on the densification effects by impacting particles. With porous WC-Co powders, the fracture of particles on impact may occur and low deposition efficiency during cold spraying. The successful building up of coating at high deposition efficiency depends on the design of powder porous structure.     

Investigation of Deposition Behavior of Cold-Sprayed Magnesium Coating

Two types of magnesium powders with different particle size distributions were deposited by cold spraying at different main gas temperatures. The effects of gas temperature and particle size distribution on the deposition efficiency of particles were studied. The microstructure of coatings was observed, and the porosity of coatings was evaluated. The deposition efficiency of particles increased, and the porosity of coatings decreased with the increase of gas temperature. The deposition efficiency of particles increased when using the powder with a smaller particle size distribution. Stainless steel and aluminum plates were used as substrates. The bonding strength and mechanism between the coating and substrate were studied. The commercial finite element software ABAQUS was used to help us better understand the deformation behavior of particles and substrates. The mean bonding strength slightly increased when aluminum plates were used as substrates. The bonding mechanism of Mg coatings on stainless steel and aluminum substrates was discussed.     

Microstructural Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Nanostructured FeAl Intermetallic Compound Coating and its Ball-Milled Feedstock Powders

It is difficult to deposit dense intermetallic compound coatings by cold spraying directly using the compound feedstock powders due to their intrinsic low-temperature brittleness. A method to prepare intermetallic compound coatings in-situ employing cold spraying was developed using a metastable alloy powder assisted with post-heat treatment. In this study, a nanostructured Fe/Al alloy powder was prepared by ball-milling process. The cold-sprayed Fe/Al alloy coating was evolved in-situ to intermetallic compound coating through a post-heat treatment. The microstructural evolution of the Fe-40Al powder during mechanical alloying and the effect of the post-heat treatment on the microstructure of the cold-sprayed Fe(Al) coating were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the milled Fe-40Al powder exhibits lamellar microstructure. The microstructure of the as-sprayed Fe(Al) coating depends significantly on that of the as-milled powder. The heat-treatment temperature significantly influences the in-situ evolution of the intermetallic compound. The heat treatment at a temperature of 500 °C results in the complete transformation of Fe(Al) solid solution to FeAl intermetallic compound. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

Formation of NiAl Intermetallic Compound by Cold Spraying of Ball-Milled Ni/Al Alloy Powder Through Postannealing Treatment

Ni/Al alloy powders were synthesized by ball milling of nickel-aluminum powder mixture with a Ni/Al atomic ratio of 1:1. Ni/Al alloy coating was deposited by cold spraying using N₂ as accelerating gas. NiAl intermetallic compound was evolved in situ through postspray annealing treatment of cold-sprayed Ni/Al alloy coating. The effect of annealing temperature on the phase transformation behavior from Ni/Al mechanical alloy to intermetallics was investigated. The microstructure of the mechanically alloying Ni/Al powder and NiAl coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that a dense Ni/Al alloy coating can be successfully deposited by cold spraying using the mechanically alloyed powder as feedstocks. The as-sprayed alloy coating exhibited a laminated microstructure retained from the mechanically alloying powder. The annealing of the subsequent Ni/Al alloy coating at a temperature higher than 850 °C leads to complete transformation from Ni/Al alloy to NiAl intermetallic compound.     

热处理对冷喷涂Fe涂层组织与性能影响研究

冷喷涂作为一种新型的涂层技术,在制备大部分金属涂层、金属陶瓷复合涂层方面有着巨大的潜力。本文采用冷喷涂在Al基体上制备了Fe涂层,并结合喷涂后热处理研究了涂层组织与性能特点。结果表明,所得Fe涂层的内部组织比较致密;受到喷涂过程中空气的影响,喷涂射流呈现亮流,所制备涂层表面有较大、较深气孔。在较低温度下热处理后Fe涂层的显微组织变化不明显,显微硬度明显降低;Fe涂层与Al基体之间形成约10μm厚度的金属间化合物层。     

Al-V合金预磨状态对Al-Fe-V-Si-Nd机械合金化过程中显微组织演化的影响

采用高能球磨法制备Al89.5Fe6 .4V0 .7Si2 .4Nd合金粉末 ,并用X射线衍射技术研究了球磨过程中的组成。发现经 60h高能球磨 ,合金粉末的微观组织由Al非晶和Al3V相组成 ;Al V合金的预磨状态影响Al89.5Fe6 .4 V0 .7Si2 .4Nd合金机械合金化过程中显微组织演化。     

Cold spraying of Al-Sn binary alloy: Coating characteristics and particle bonding features

In this study, Al-Sn binary alloy coatings were prepared with Al-10 wt.% Sn (Al-10Sn) and Al-20 wt.%Sn (Al-20Sn) gas atomized alloy powders by low pressure cold spray process. The microstructure and microhardness of the coatings were characterized. The deposition efficiency of Al-Sn and pure aluminum powder were tested on sand blasted substrates of Al6061, copper and SUS304. To investigate the particle bonding features of Al-10Sn powder, the wipe test was carried out on polished substrate surfaces. The average critical velocity of Al-Sn alloy powders was estimated combining with the deposition efficiency. The results proved that Al-Sn coatings with dense and uniform structure can be deposited successfully by low pressure cold spray with helium as the propellant gas. The weight content of tin in Al-Sn coating is 12% and 22% for Al-10Sn and Al-20Sn coating, respectively. With the increase of tin content in feedstock powder, the as-sprayed coatings present similar microhardness of 73 and 74 for Al-10Sn and Al-20Sn while, on the other hand, the deposition efficiency decreased. Bonding features of Al-10Sn particles indicated that the melting of tin phase occurred on the contact interface during particle impacting. This melting of tin phase and low strength of tin may affect the particle bonding process and hence increase the critical velocity for Al-Sn binary alloy powders.