SiC电力电子器件研究现状及新进展

由于硅材料本身的限制,传统硅电力电子器件性能已经接近其极限,碳化硅(SiC)器件的高功率、高效率、耐高温、抗辐照等优势逐渐突显,成为电力电子器件一个新的发展方向.综述了SiC材料、SiC电力电子器件、SiC模块及关键工艺的研究现状,重点从材料、器件结构、制备工艺等方面阐述了SiC二极管、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、结晶型场效应晶体管(JFET)、双极结型晶体管(BJT)、绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)及模块的研究进展.概述了SiC材料、SiC电力电子器件及模块的商品化情况,最后对SiC材料及器件的发展趋势进行了展望.     

SiC新一代电力电子器件的进展

以SiC和GaN为代表的宽禁带半导体材料的突破给发展新一代电力电子带来希望。SiC材料具有比Si材料更高的击穿场强、更高的载流子饱和速度和更高的热导率,使SiC电力电子器件比Si的同类器件具有关断电压高、导通电阻小、开关频率高、效率高和高温性能好的特点。SiC电力电子器件将成为兆瓦电子学和绿色能源发展的重要基础之一。综述了SiC新一代电力电子器件的发展历程、现状、关键技术突破和应用研究。所评估的器件包含SiC SBD、SiC pin二极管、SiC JBS二极管、SiC MOFET、SiC IGBT、SiC GTO晶闸管、SiC JFET和SiC BJT。器件的评估重点是外延材料的结构、器件结构优化、器件性能、可靠性和应用特点。最后总结了新世纪以来SiC新一代电力电子器件的技术进步的亮点并展望了其技术未来发展的趋势。     

SiC和GaN电力电子器件的研究进展

与传统的Si基器件相比,SiC和GaN器件具有工作温度高、击穿电压高、开关速度快等优势,因此SiC和GaN材料是制备电力电子器件的理想材料。总结了近年来SiC和GaN电力电子器件的研究进展,包括二极管,MOSFET,JFET和BJT结构的SiC器件,以及SBD,PN结二极管,HEMT和MOSFET结构的GaN器件。     

SiC电力电子器件对电力系统的影响

宽禁带SiC材料被认为是高性能电力电子器件的理想材料,比较了Si和SiC材料的电力电子器件在击穿电场强度、稳定性和开关速度等方面的区别,着重分析了以SiC器件为功率开关的电力电子装置对电力系统中柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)、高压直流输电(HVDC)装置、新能源技术和微电网技术领域的影响。分析表明,SiC电力电子器件具有耐高压、耐高温、开关频率高、损耗小、动态性能优良等特点,在较高电压等级(高于3 kV)或对电力电子装置性能有更高要求的场合,具有良好的应用前景。     

SiC外延衬底研究现状及其应用前景

随着国民经济发展"节能减排"任务的加剧,以及新兴电子系统变化的要求,电子系统对半导体元器件技术提出了高密度、高速度、低功耗、大功率、宽工作温度范围、抗辐射和高可靠等性能的要求。SiC单晶材料作为新兴的三代半导体衬底材料正好满足这些要求,被认为是制备微波器件、高频大功率器件、高压电力电子器件的优良衬底材料。分别介绍了传统Si-C-H体系和高速Si-C-H-Cl体系SiC外延工艺研究现状,同时介绍了新颖的高纯半绝缘SiC外延工艺研究状况。论述了SiC外延衬底在电力电子器件、微波器件等方面的应用,阐述了SiC外延衬底在未来节能减排、经济建设中的重要性。     

基于国产单晶衬底的150 mm 4H-SiC同质外延技术进展

高阻断电压、大功率密度、高转化效率是电力电子器件技术持续追求的目标,基于4H-SiC优异的材料特性,在电力电子器件应用方面具有广阔的发展前景。围绕SiC MOSFET器件对外延材料的需求,介绍了国内外主流的SiC外延设备及国产SiC衬底的发展,并重点介绍了宽禁带半导体电力电子器件国家重点实验室在国产150 mm(6英寸)SiC衬底上的高速外延技术进展。通过关键技术攻关,实现了150 mm SiC外延材料表面缺陷密度≤0.5 cm^-2,BPD缺陷密度≤0.1 cm^-2,片内掺杂浓度不均匀性≤5%,片内厚度不均匀性≤1%。基于自主外延材料,实现了650～1 200 V SiC MOSFET产品商业化以及6.5～15 kV高压SiC MOSFET器件的产品定型。     

1200V、550A碳化硅DMOSFET对偶模块的特性

碳化硅[SiC]优越的材料性质为电力电子器件提供了比传统的硅基器件更优越的性能。最近开发了一种1200V、50A的SiC DMOSFET已用于开关电路。在此基础上,又研制了一种1200V,550A完全用SiC的对偶模块。本文阐述其中每个开关用11个SiC DMOSFET和11个SiC JBS*组成的先进对偶模块的实验特性。     

宽禁带半导体SiC功率器件发展现状及展望

碳化硅(SiC)是第三代半导体材料的典型代表,也是目前晶体生长技术和器件制造水平最成熟、应用最广泛的宽禁带半导体材料之一,是高温、高频、抗辐照、大功率应用场合下极为理想的半导体材料.文章结合美国国防先进研究计划局DARPA的高功率电子器件应用宽禁带技术HPE项目的发展,介绍了SiC功率器件的最新进展及其面临的挑战和发展前景.同时对我国宽禁带半导体SiC器件的研究现状及未来的发展方向做了概述与展望.     

第四届全国新型半导体功率器件及应用技术研讨会通知北大核心

一、征文范围1.宽禁带(GaN和SiC等)外延材料的结构设计、制备与检测技术;2.功率器件用GaAs和InP外延材料的结构设计、制备与检测技术;3.基于金刚石、石墨烯的功率器件的结构设计、加工与测试技术;4.微波功率器件的结构设计、加工与测试技术;5.电力电子器件的结构设计、加工与测试技术;6.特种高功率半导体器件的结构设计、加工与测试技术;7.功率器件的封装和可靠性技术;8.功率器件的系统集成技术;     

耐250℃高温的1200 V-5 A 4H-SiC JBS二极管

碳化硅(4H-SiC)材料具有宽带隙、高饱和电子漂移速率和高热导率等优良特性,因此SiC电力电子器件在高功率、大电流、高频率、耐高温和抗辐射等方面相对于Si器件性能要优胜得多,被认为在更高功率、更苛刻环境下有取代Si的非常广泛的应用前景.     

Positive temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage in 4H-SiC pnjunction rectifiers

It has been suggested that once silicon carbide (SiC) technology overcomes some crystal growth obstacles, superior SiC semiconductor devices would supplant silicon in many high-power applications. However, the property of positive temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage, a behavior crucial to realizing excellent power device reliability, has not been observed in 4H-SiC, which is presently the best-suited SiC polytype for power device implementation. This paper reports the first experimental measurements of stable positive temperature coefficient behavior observed in 4H-SiC pn junction rectifiers. This research indicates that robust 4H-SiC power devices with high breakdown reliability should be achievable after SiC foundries reduce material defects such as micropipes, dislocations, and deep level impurities     

SiC microwave power technologies

Two SiC transistors that are investigated for microwave power applications are the 4H-SiC static induction transistor (SIT) and the 4H-SiC metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET). Ultrahigh frequency 4H-SiC SITs have demonstrated record-breaking pulsed power per package (900 W) with excellent associated power-added efficiency (PAE) of 78%. S band 4H-SiC MESFETs have shown a record power-density of 5.6 W/mm and 36% PAE, as well as 80 W continuous-wave (CW) power (1.6 W/mm), with an associated PAE of 38%. X-band MESFET power density of 4.3 W/mm was obtained for exploratory CW devices. These performance gains are afforded by the advantageous material properties of silicon carbide. SiC SIT technology offers many military system advantages including lower cost, lower weight, higher power and high temperature of operation and higher efficiency transmitters with minimal cooling requirements. SiC RF MESFET's and circuits are candidates for use in efficient linear transmitters for commercial and military communications.     

Comparison of SiC, GaAs, and Si RF MESFET power densities

The maximum power density of Si, GaAs, and 4H-SiC MESFET's was modeled using material parameters, a planar MESFET cross section, and a piecewise linear MESFET drain characteristic. The maximum power density for the Si, GaAs, and 4H-SiC was calculated to be 0.45 W/mm, 0.78 W/mm, and 17.37 W/mm at drain voltages of 8.4 V, 8.3 V, and 105 V, respectively. Modeling power density as a function of drain voltage showed that, for low voltage applications, the GaAs MESFET has the highest power density because of its high electron mobility and very low channel resistance (R_on). For high voltage applications, the 4H-SiC MESFET has the highest absolute power density because of the higher breakdown voltage of this material. Experiment data agree qualitatively with the modeled results     

Characterization of inversion and accumulation layer electrontransport in 4H and 6H-SiC MOSFETs on implanted P-type regions

The silicon carbide double implanted vertical MOSFET (SiC DIMOS) is a promising candidate for high power switching applications due to the absence of high electric field corners and compatibility with planar IC technology. In this work, we report on the channel mobility behavior in 4H and 6H-SiC MOSFETs fabricated with a low thermal budget process sequence, on implanted p-type regions which mirror the lateral carrier transport region in the DIMOS device. Channel mobilities are higher by an order of magnitude in 6H-SiC compared to 4H-SiC MOSFET's suggesting the 6H-SiC polytype is better suited for fabricating the DIMOS structure in spite of the superior vertical bulk conduction in 4H-SiC. Moreover, channel mobility on accumulated surfaces is higher than values obtained on inverted surfaces. A strong correlation between the observed threshold voltages and channel mobilities is consistently explained by a modified MOSFET conductance formulation in the presence of slowly decaying bandtail states toward the SiC band edges     

4H-SiC MESFET的特性研究

对4H-SiC MESFET的特性研究发现,在室温下4H-SiC MESFET饱和漏电流的值为0.75A/mm,随着温度的上升,器件的饱和漏电流和跨导一直下降;栅长越短,沟道层掺杂浓度越高,饱和漏电流就越大.300K时器件的击穿电压为209V,计算出来的最大功率密度可达19.22W/mm.这些结果显示了4H-SiC在高温、高压、大功率器件应用中的优势.     

SiC devices: physics and numerical simulation

The important material parameters for 6H silicon carbide (6H-SiC) are extracted from the literature and implemented into the 2-D device simulation programs PISCES and BREAKDOWN and into the 1-D program OSSI Simulations of 6H-SiC p-n junctions show the possibility to operate corresponding devices at temperatures up to 1000 K thanks to their low reverse current densities. Comparison of a 6H-SiC 1200 V p-n^--n⁺ diode with a corresponding silicon (Si) diode shows the higher switching performance of the 6H-SiC diode, while the forward power loss is somewhat higher than in Si due to the higher built-in voltage of the 6H-SiC p-n junction. This disadvantage can be avoided by a 6H-SiC Schottky diode. The on-resistances of Si, 3C-SiC, and 6H-SiC vertical power MOSFET's are compared by analytical calculations. At room temperature, such SiC MOSFET's can operate up to blocking capabilities of 5000 V with an on-resistance below 0.1 Ωcm², while Si MOSFET's are limited to below 500 V. This is checked by calculating the characteristics of a 6H-SiC 1200 V MOSFET with PISCES. In the voltage region below 200 V, Si is superior due to its higher mobility and lower threshold voltage. Electric fields in the order of 4×10⁶ V/cm occur in the gate oxide of the mentioned 6H-SiC MOSFET as well as in a field plate oxide used to passivate its planar junction. To investigate the high frequency performance of SiC devices, a heterobipolartransistor with a 6H-SiC emitter is considered. Base and collector are assumed to be out of 3C-SiC. Frequencies up to 10 GHz with a very high output power are obtained on the basis of analytical considerations     

Silicon carbide high-power devices

In recent years, silicon carbide has received increased attention because of its potential for high-power devices. The unique material properties of SiC, high electric breakdown field, high saturated electron drift velocity, and high thermal conductivity are what give this material its tremendous potential in the power device arena. 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (1400 V) with forward current densities over 700 A/cm² at 2 V have been demonstrated. Packaged SITs have produced 57 W of output power at 500 MHz, SiC UMOSFETs (1200 V) are projected to have 15 times the current density of Si IGBTs (1200 V). Submicron gate length 4H-SiC MESFETs have achieved f_max=32 GHz, f_T=14.0 GHz, and power density=2.8 W/mm @ 1.8 GHz. The performances of a wide variety of SiC devices are compared to that of similar Si and GaAs devices and to theoretically expected results     

碳化硅功率器件及其应用的最新研发进展

本文基于最近几年发现的新效应和创新设计,综合评述了4H-SiC功率器件：MOSFET、IGBT、SiCGT和PiN二极管的最新研发进展,包括研发过程遇到的主要技术难题,器件特性和初步应用。实验初步验证,SiC功率器件具有高效节能和实现高功率密度的能力。     

离子注入高温退火对4H-SiC MESFET特性的影响

采用人造刚玉高温炉管对4H-SiC进行1620℃的离子注入后退火.实验测试发现,在刚玉管壁析出的微量铝的作用下,SiC表面与残余的氧成分反应生成衍生物SiOC,造成材料表面粗糙和反应离子刻蚀速率很低.分别采用该种样片和正常样片制作了单栅MESFET,对比测试的欧姆接触和I-V输出特性,评估了高温退火后材料表面对器件的影响.     

S波段功率SiC MESFET(芯片)研制

介绍了一种S波段功率SiC MESFET芯片的研制技术。针对SiC材料的特点,对4H-SiC外延材料进行了设计和仿真,同时对Al记忆效应进行了研究,优化了4H-SiC外延生长技术。研究了栅长与沟道厚度纵横比(Lg/a)对短沟道效应和漏极势垒降低效应的影响。采用了凹槽栅结构和体标记电子束直写技术以及热氧化SiO2和SiNx复合钝化层设计等新制备工艺,实现了栅、漏泄漏电流的减小和源、漏击穿电压的提高。测试结果表明,功率SiC MESFET芯片在3.4 GHz频率下脉冲输出功率大于45 W,功率增益8.5 dB,漏极效率40%。测试条件为漏极工作电压48 V,脉宽100μs,占空比10%。