DC Arc Plasma Jet CVD自支撑金刚石膜表面形貌的研究

本文采用30kW级直流电弧等离子体喷射法沉积自支撑金刚石膜,研究了大进气量条件下不同的甲烷浓度对金刚石膜的表面形貌及晶面取向的影响,当甲烷浓度达到一定程度时,出现纳米二次晶的形核,晶粒细化,微米金刚石转变成为纳米金刚石.同时不同的氩氢配比对金刚石膜的表面形貌也产生一定的影响.在高甲烷浓度的情况下,可以得到一种具有(111)取向的微米级金刚石膜.结果表明,随着甲烷浓度和氩氢比(Ar/H2)的增加,金刚石膜表面晶粒尺寸是呈逐渐减小趋势的,此外,通过控制甲烷浓度可以得到(111)晶面的高取向金刚石膜,当甲烷浓度为20%时,金刚石膜表面晶粒的(111)晶面可以达到高取向.     

二十面体金刚石和其他五重对称金刚石晶体的生长机制（英文）

采用热丝化学气相沉积(HFCVD)方法制备五重对称金刚石晶体(FSDCs)。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其表面形貌和缺陷进行观察。从形核-长大的角度出发,讨论各种五重对称金刚石晶粒的形成机制,并进行计算机模拟。结果表明:正十二面体烷(C20H20)可作为二十面体金刚石晶体(IDC)的晶核,其C—H键垂直于IDC的{111}表面,随着活性H原子和甲基的不断萃取与结合,C20H20中20个C—H键均发展成为与之垂直的20个{111}表面。正二十面体金刚石晶体(IDC)可以看做是由等腰四面体组装而成,其中每个四面体给IDC表面贡献一个{111}晶面,而四面体的其余晶面与其相邻的四面体形成孪晶面。然而,完美二十面体{111}面的二面角与孪晶结构的二面角存在1.44°的差异,该失配导致了IDC的晶格畸变。通过计算模拟讨论晶格失配对IDC长大过程中的能量和稳定性的影响,最终揭示晶格失配所导致的应变如何诱导产生各种缺陷,如顶点处凹五角形腔的形成,以及沿晶粒边缘的凹槽。该计算模型能够较好地解释实验中所观察到的晶体形貌。类似推理可进一步用于解释十五烷(C15H20)作为晶核如何发展成为实验中所观察到的星形和棒形的五重对称结构,以及一些常见缺陷的形成。     

高取向金刚石薄膜的制备

目的研究不同甲烷体积分数、不同氮气流量分别对金刚石(111)面、(100)面生长的影响,实现在最佳工艺下制备高取向金刚石薄膜。方法采用微波等离子体增强化学气相沉积法制备高取向(111)面、(100)面金刚石薄膜,实验前一组(1~#—3~#)以CH_4/H_2为气源,后一组(4~#—5~#)以CH_4/H_2/N_2为气源,通过采用SEM、XRD分析不同甲烷体积分数下(111)面和不同氮气流量下(100)面的生长形貌、晶粒尺寸以及金刚石晶面特征峰强弱,同时还使用Raman测试两组分别改变甲烷体积分数、氮气流量工艺下金刚石特征峰、石墨峰的变化趋势。结果前一组随着甲烷体积分数的增加,金刚石(111)面逐渐清晰可见,低甲烷体积分数为2%时,H等离子体对金刚石表面刻蚀严重,形成少量表面粗糙的(111)面,当甲烷体积分数升到4.5%时,(111)面生长非常均匀,金刚石质量较高,继续提高甲烷体积分数,薄膜中非金刚石的含量增加,金刚石质量下降。后一组随着氮气流量的增加,金刚石(100)面的生长非常整齐平滑,在氮气流量为5 cm~3/min时,(100)面比较粗糙,由于有含氮基团的加入,其生长速率加快,进一步升高氮气流量到10 cm~3/min时,含氮基团的择优生长促进(100)面占据整个界面,同时削弱了其他晶面的生长。结论前一组甲烷体积分数为4.5%时,(111)面占据整个生长面,生长非常均匀,同时XRD测试金刚石(111)面特征峰也达到最强。后一组氮气流量为10 cm~3/min时,(100)面表面光洁度和平整度达到最佳。     

放电通道振荡特性分析及其蚀除机理的研究

从理论上对单脉冲放电通道的等离子体振荡特性进行了分析,发现其振荡频谱包含了金属晶格振动的本征频率.由此提出了受激原子共振的观点:在放电电流上升阶段,因放电通道中等离子体振荡频率可覆盖金属晶格振动频率,会使电极材料表面晶格原子产生共振或接近共振,加剧放电的热作用,使电极表面材料以"共振"形式去除;而在放电电流趋于平稳后,等离子体振荡频率则远远小于晶格振动频率,电极材料表面晶格原子不具备共振的必要条件,此时材料主要是以"碰撞"形式去除.从这个观点出发,说明了放电电流初始阶段和短脉冲加工是对电极消耗影响较大的原因.     

Al_2O_3/2024Al复合材料界面结构的HRTEM研究

采用透射电子显微镜对挤压铸造法制备的Al2O3/2024Al复合材料的界面微观结构进行了深入研究。结果表明:复合材料界面结合紧密且无任何反应物。Al基体的(111)面与Al2O3颗粒表面保持共格和半共格关系:Al(111)//Al2O3(■2ī)、Al(111)//Al2O3(11ī)、Al(111)//Al2O3(110),界面处基体中可以看到由于晶格错配而产生的刃位错,说明基体与增强颗粒晶面间距接近时,基体可以依靠增强颗粒表面结晶并长大,即增强颗粒作为基体异质形核的质点,并从晶体学角度对界面的形成原因进行了解释。     

水分子在Au和Cu及其合金表面的吸附与分解DFT计算研究

采用密度泛函方法研究了水分子在Au,Cu和AuCu二元金属合金表面的不同吸附状态和裂解反应路径,并且比较不同表面的催化性能.结果表明,研究中所考虑4种模型的反应活性顺序如下(以反应活化能为比较标准):Au(111)AuCu(111)-CuAuCu(111)-AuCu(111).相对于AuCu(111)-Cu表面和Au(111)表面,这与水分子的分子吸附状态在AuCu(111)-Au表面和Cu(111)表面的吸附能相对较小,而解离吸附状态时的吸附能相对较大有关.根据金属催化剂表面与吸附物的电子转移和成键电子结构,认为电子转移越多,与表面的相互作用越强;而金属原子的d电子态与水分子1b1电子态或者裂解产物的类1b1电子态之间的重叠、杂化程度决定了两者之间相互作用的强弱.在实际反应体系中,用AuCu二元金属合金替代贵金属Au催化剂不仅可以降低材料成本,还可以提高反应活性.     

La、Ba的添加对Pd/Y2O3-ZrO2催化氧化CH4性能的影响

以浸渍法制备了1.0%Pd/Y2O3-ZrO2催化剂,考察了Pd负载过程中La和Ba的添加对Pd/Y-ZrO2催化氧化CH4性能的影响,用BET、XRD、CO脉冲、TEM和H2-TPR等方法对所制备的催化剂进行表征。结果表明,La和Ba的添加降低了Pd/Y2O3-ZrO2催化剂氧化CH4的活性。催化剂中活性金属的分散度及体相PdO的还原性影响催化剂对CH4的氧化活性,La、Ba的添加降低了Pd/Y2O3-ZrO2催化剂中活性金属Pd的分散性,使Pd在高温老化后更容易团聚,同时增强了PdO与载体的相互作用,使PdO不容易被还原。     

金属蜂窝负载Pd催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气

采用浸渍法制备负载金属Pd(其中金属Pd含量0.6g/L)活性组分的金属蜂窝载体催化剂,应用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气。实验表明,焙烧温度为950℃的催化剂较600℃的催化剂甲烷转化率、CO和H2的选择性更高,焙烧温度为950℃的催化剂在反应温度800℃,GHSV=1×105ml/g·h条件下,甲烷转化率为91%,CO和H2的选择性分别达到90%和89%。用SEM与XPS对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,950℃焙烧催化剂并没有出现明显的烧结现象,且可能由于更多零价Pd的出现,使得该催化剂的性能更好。由于金属蜂窝载体优良的导热性,对950℃焙烧温度制备的金属蜂窝催化剂,催化剂床层的飞温点温度小于880℃,可以解决其它类型催化剂在甲烷部分氧化反应中出现的飞温问题,具有一定的工业化意义。     

5种氨基酸对铁缓蚀机理的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学方法模拟计算了甘氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸及蛋氨酸5种氨基酸类缓蚀剂与Fe(100)晶面、(110)晶面及(111)晶面在酸性条件下的相互作用。结果发现,5种氨基酸与Fe的3个晶面结合能的排列顺序由小到大均为甘氨酸<亮氨酸<天冬氨酸<精氨酸<蛋氨酸;同一氨基酸分子与Fe(111)晶面结合能最大,与Fe(110)晶面结合能次之,与Fe(100)晶面结合能最小。对体系各种相互作用以及对关联函数g(r)的分析表明,结合能主要由库仑相互作用能和范德华能提供。金属Fe原子与氨基酸中的N、O及S原子形成了配位键,与Fe晶面结合的氨基酸分子构型发生扭曲变形,但形变能均远小于相应的非键相互作用能。     

CN200710053095．3一种纳米复合类金刚石涂层制备方法

本发明公开了一种纳米复合类金刚石涂层制备方法,利用磁场控制的阴极电弧放电,通人乙炔气体使金属靶前乙炔过量,靶面形成金属碳化物层,当电弧运动时从靶面蒸发出金属碳化物,此外电弧靶前方在辅助磁场作用下利用电弧放电产生的强等离子体离化乙炔气体,产生高度离化的碳离子,在偏压的作用下,从靶面蒸发的金属碳化物和乙炔产生的碳离子在工件表面形成碳化物掺杂纳米复合类金刚石涂层。本发明制备类金刚石涂层具有涂层硬度高、     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。