中低温煤焦油加氢改质工艺研究

在小型固定床加氢装置上,用加氢精制催化剂和加氢裂化催化剂对陕北的中低温煤焦油进行加氢改质工艺研究.着重考察反应温度、反应压力、氢油体积比和液体体积空速对加氢效果的影响,得到了优化的工艺条件:反应压力14 MPa,反应温度390℃,氢油体积比1 600:1,液体体积空速0.25 h-1.加氢改质产品切割得到汽油、柴油和尾油馏分,分别占产物质量的9.82%,73.12%和16.43%.汽柴油馏分经过简单处理后可以得到合格的产品,加氢尾油可以作为优质的催化裂化或加氢裂化原料.     

柴油精制技术进展

通过分析国内外柴油加氢精制形势,介绍了国内外非加氢脱硫技术和加氢精制工艺以及催化剂的研究现状,指出今后很长一段时间,国内外还是以柴油加氢脱硫工艺为主。同时也介绍了液相柴油加氢精制技术的现状和技术特点。通过资料的整理总结,可以为柴油精制技术路线的选择及新技术的开发提供参考和依据。     

烯烃饱和工艺和双功能催化剂在焦化富气制氢中的应用

逆流等温绝热烯烃饱和工艺和JT-1G、JT-4型催化剂首次在焦化富气制氢中应用.应用结果表明,该工艺能够将焦化富气中体积分数15%以上的烯烃在加氢饱和过程中放出的热量取出,有效控制了催化剂床层温升;该催化剂可以对原料中体积分数15%以上的烯烃进行饱和及有机硫转化为无机硫.分析了该工艺及催化剂在使用中存在的问题,探讨了优化措施,总结了在使用过程中的经验.     

JT-1G型和JT-4型炼厂干气加氢精制催化剂的开发及工业应用

介绍了炼厂焦化干气加氢精制催化剂的开发研制过程及其在炼厂制氢、大中型合成氨原料路线改造工程中的应用概况。并对研制开发的JT-1G和JT-4型加氢催化剂应用于国内炼厂富气汽柴油吸收串绝热等,炼厂干气绝热床循环法加氢以及等温-绝热加氢等三种工艺流程的操作运行工况作了说明。     

中低温煤焦油加氢工艺技术概述

针对煤炭在干馏、气化或热解过程中的副产物——煤焦油的高效清洁利用问题,分析了煤焦油的来源以及煤焦油加氢的目的、作用和原理;以煤热解过程产生的中低温煤焦油的加氢改质处理工艺为例,论述了加氢精制工艺、加氢精制-加氢裂化工艺、液相裂解加氢工艺、非均相悬浮床加氢工艺的优缺点及其在国内加氢改质装置的生产应用效果;结果表明,煤焦油...     

丁苯嵌段共聚物的加氢及性能研究

采用镍系催化剂用于丁苯嵌段共聚物 (SBS)加氢反应 ,考察了反应温度、压力、催化剂用量等对加氢反应的影响 ,得到较佳的加氢反应工艺条件 :加氢反应温度 5 5～ 6 5℃ ,反应压力大于 2 .5MPa,催化剂用量为 0 .0 5～ 0 .1g/10 0 g聚合物。该催化剂选择性好 ,可使聚合物中的共轭二烯烃段有效加氢 ,其加氢度 >98% ,苯环加氢度 <5 %。同时对加氢前后聚合物微观结构、物性变化及老化性能进行了研究。     

Ni-Mo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢处理工艺条件的优化

采用固定床加氢装置对原料油(蜡油)进行加氢精制研究,采用控制变量法,考察了反应温度,液时空速,氢油比等对加氢效果的影响。以Ni-Mo/γ-Al_2O_3作为催化剂对加氢工艺进行优化,由数据表明升高温度、适当降低液时空速、增大氢油体积比,均有助于提高催化剂的脱硫和脱氮效果。Ni-Mo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂在中高压条件下,反应温度为400℃,液时空速为0.25 h~(-1),氢油体积比在2 000左右时,加氢精制的效果最好。     

我国柴油加氢精制技术研究进展

本文通过加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮反应过程介绍了柴油加氢精制技术原理,综述了目前国内加氢精制技术现状,总结了柴油加氢精制和液相加氢等其他技术的结合应用情况,并分析了柴油加氢精制催化剂的开发情况.指出国内柴油加氢精制技术和国外的差距主要集中在工艺流程、反应器结构和技术开发三个方面.最后对柴油加氢精制技术的未来进行了展望,认为生产...     

JT-1G/JT-4型加氢精制催化剂在逆流等温-绝热加氢精制工艺上的应用

介绍了JT-1G/JT-4型加氢精制催化剂首次配合逆流等温-绝热加氢精制工艺,用于焦化富气制氢装置的使用情况。工业应用表明,JT-1G/JT-4型加氢精制催化剂在生产过程中催化性能良好,完全满足焦化富气作为制氢原料对烯烃饱和的要求,并将有机硫加氢转化为无机硫,经氧化锌脱硫剂脱硫后,原料中硫的质量分数降至0.2×10^-6。     

FH-40A催化剂对煤油加氢装置的适应性试验

为了考察抚顺石化公司石油三厂分子筛脱蜡装置煤油加氢单元换用国产加氢精制催化剂的可行性,采用抚顺石油化工研究院新近开发的FH-40A轻质馏分油加氢精制催化剂,以石油三厂煤油为原料油,在装置工况条件下分别考察了拔头后的煤油和全馏分煤油采用FH-40A催化剂的可能性.试验结果标明:FH-40A催化剂具有优异的加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮和芳烃饱和性能,可以使精制油的硫质量分数＜0.5 μg/g,氮的质量分数＜1 μg/g,溴指数＜150 mg/100 g,芳烃的体积分数＜5 %,满足分子筛脱蜡装置进料质量的要求.     

烯烃加成硫化氢直接生成硫醇研究进展

综述了烯烃加成硫化氢合成硫醇的国内外研究进展,介绍了该类反应催化剂的研究现状,对合成乙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔十二碳硫醇、正十二碳硫醇的研究现状及国内有关叔丁十二烷基硫醇的工业生产情况进行了综述,并对其重要性和应用前景提出了展望。     

氢键对有机取代反应和加成反应的影响

取代反应和加成反应是有机化学中最基础、最重要、也是研究最多的反应。影响取代反应和加成反应的因素很多,文章从氢键的形成、类型、键能大小出发,分析讨论了其对饱和碳原子上亲核取代反应、苯环上C-F键的亲核取代反应、亲电加成反应及羰基化合物亲核加成反应的影响,所得结论对有机化学理论教学和有机合成具有一定的指导意义。     

硫化氢加成直接合成硫醇的催化剂研究进展

综述了硫化氢烯烃加成直接合成硫醇的催化剂研究进展,所述催化剂包括Friedel-Crafts催化剂、沸石分子筛、改性的三氧化二铝等。     

加成法合成叔十二烷基硫醇的工业试验

介绍了以无水三氯化铝络合物为催化剂,十二烯和硫化氢直接加成法生产叔十二烷基硫醇的工业试验工艺。该合成工艺主要由催化剂制备、十二烯原料提纯、加成反应和反应产物分离4个单元组成,经分离提纯制得质量分数大于98.5%的叔十二烷基硫醇产品,单程总收率不低于70%。     

Hydrogen-Mediated C−C Bond Formation: Stereo- and Site-Selective Chemical Synthesis Beyond Stoichiometric Organometallic Reagents

Stereo- and site-selective methods for the byproduct-free modification of unprotected organic compounds that occur through the addition or redistribution of hydrogen are natural endpoints in the advancement of methods for efficient chemical synthesis. Progress toward this goal requires a departure from reactants that embody non-native structural elements, including stoichiometric organometallic reagents, directing/protecting groups and chiral auxiliaries. In this perspective, we highlight how hydrogen-mediated C−C bond formations developed in our laboratory have enabled progress toward ideal chemical syntheses of this type.     

氢气压缩输送除水及节能改造

介绍了将离子膜烧碱装置的氢气处理工艺由洗涤后经纳氏泵输送工艺改为增加冷冻水冷冻除水、捕集器捕集,并改为2BE水环真空泵压缩输送工艺。改造后充分利用了富余的冷冻水并解决了氢气含水量过高的问题,改用水环泵年可节电33万kW·h。     

聚醚嵌段改性硅油的合成与应用

将端含氢硅油与烯丙基聚氧烷乙基环氧基醚进行加成反应,再使用端氨基聚醚对其进行氨化反应,得到聚醚嵌段改性硅油。并用于全棉织物、涤棉织物的整理。结果表明：经聚醚嵌段改性硅油整理后的织物具有良好的亲水性、手感、白度等。     

Effect of hydrogen addition on formation of hydrogen and carbon from methane decomposition over Ni/Al2O3

The effects of hydrogen addition on the formation of hydrogen and carbon from methane decomposition over Ni/Al₂O₃ were studied. The results show that the added hydrogen in methane greatly affects the methane conversion, hydrogen output rate, and the properties of the carbon deposits on the surface of the Ni/Al₂O₃. The methane conversion and hydrogen output rate are significantly improved by the addition of hydrogen. As the flowrate of hydrogen increases from 0 to 25 mL/min, the initial activity of Ni/Al₂O₃ decreases sharply, while the stability increases first and then decreases due to the suppression of hydrogen to CH₄ decomposition in the thermodynamics equilibrium. When the addition flowrate of the hydrogen is 15 mL/min, that is, 37.5% of the methane flowrate, a much higher methane conversion and the best stability of Ni/Al₂O₃ are obtained. The addition of a specific amount of hydrogen benefits the methane decomposition; however, the excessive hydrogen will suppress the decomposition. Most of the carbon that deposits on the surface of Ni/Al₂O₃ is filamentous carbon when hydrogen is added to the methane, however, encapsulated carbon is mainly produced when no hydrogen is added. In addition, the formation of encapsulated carbon, which deactivates the catalyst, is inhibited by the added hydrogen.     

Lipase/Acetamide‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formations: A Mechanistic View

A lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB)/acetamide‐catalyzed Michael addition of less‐activated ketones and aromatic nitroolefins has been developed, which is particularly interesting because neither CALB nor acetamide can independently catalyze the reaction to any appreciable extent. This co‐catalyst system was applicable to the Michael additions of cyclic and acyclic ketones to a series of aromatic and heteroaromatic nitroolefins. Hydrogen bonds between acetamide and cyclohexanone were confirmed for the observed activation by experimental facts, and new mechanistic insights into CALB/acetamide co‐catalysis are presented.     

Anodic Oxidation of Carbon Fibres in Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate Solution

Anodic surface treatment of high tensile-carbon fibres under galvanostatic conditions has been performed in diammonium hydrogen phosphate solution, containing an addition of ammonium rhodanide.

The oxidized fibres have been characterized by monofilament tensile strength, XPS measurements and surface energetic analysis. Additionally, the acid-base interactions have been evaluated by wetting with aqueous solutions of different pH values.

An addition of ammonium rhodanide to the diammonium hydrogen phosphate anodization bath affects the oxidation of carbon fibres in terms of decreasing both the amounts of the surface oxides as well as that of degradation by-products. At the optimal treatment conditions (I = 100 mA) no changes in the tensile strength or BET-surface area of the fibre have been observed. The rise in ILSS values of amine cured epoxy composites is not dependent on O_ls/C_ls ratio or surface free energy of the reinforcing fibres, but on the acidic as well as nitrogen functional groups on their surface.