液膜分离富集、测定水中痕量铀

用P291[二（二异丁基甲基）磷酸]、TRPO（三烷基氧膦）协同流动载体,N205为表面活性剂,液体石蜡为膜的增加剂,磺化煤油为溶剂,H2SO4溶液作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移富集铀（VI）。研究了乳状液膜的稳定性、温度、铀的浓度、外相pH值、乳水比、油内比等因素对富集铀的影响。实验表明,在此适宜条件下铀的迁移富集率可达99.5%～100.4%,常见共存离子都不迁移富集。此法已用富集测定水和废水中的痕量铀。     

液膜分离富集测定镓

用ＴＯＰＯ「（Ｃ８Ｈ１７）３ＰＯ」为流动载体,Ｎ２０５为表面活性剂,液体石蜡为膜增强剂,正己烷为膜溶剂,Ｈ２Ｃ２Ｏ４作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系,迁移富集Ｇａ＾３＋,研究了乳状液膜的稳定性、温度、Ｇａ＾３＋的浓度、外相ｐＨ值、乳水比（Ｒｅｗ）、油内比（Ｒｏｉ）等因素对富集Ｇａ＾３＋的影响。实验结果表明,在适宜的条件下,Ｇａ＾３＋的富集率可达９９．５％～１００．５％,在相同条件下,常见共存的Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、ＭｎＡ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｔｉ＾４＋、Ｚｒ＾４＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、碱金属离子、碱土金属离子等不被迁移富集;大量Ｃｌ＾－、Ｆ＾－、、ＮＯ３＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－、ＰＯ４＾３－等都不影响Ｃａ＾３＋的富集,高式样应预先用氯化氢除硅,以防止影响迁移富集Ｇａ＾３＋,只ａ＾３＋可     

液腊分离富集测定水中痕量铀

用P291[二（二异丁基甲基）磷酸]、TRPO（三烷基氧膦）协同流动载体,N205为表面活性剂,液体石蜡为膜的增强剂,磺化煤油为熔剂,H2SO4溶液作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移富集铀（Ⅵ）。研究了乳状液膜的稳定性、温度、铀的浓度、外相pH值、乳水比、油内比等因素对富集铀的影响。实验表明,在此适宜条件下铀的迁移富集率可达99.5%-100.4%。此情况下,常见共存Fe^3、Th^4 、Al^3 、Ca^2 、Mg^2 、La^3 、Y^3 、V^5 、Mn^2 、Mo^6 、W^6 、Zn^ 、Ti^4 、Cu^2 、Pb^2 等,大量烯土（ΣRE^3 ),碱金属和碱土金属离子都不迁移富集。Cl^-、F^-、NO^-3、ClO^-4、SO^2-4、CO^2-3、SiO^2-3、PO^3-4等也不影响迁移富集。只有钿（Ⅵ）能与这些离子得到满意的分离。此法已用于富集测定水和废水中的痕量铀,结果令人满意。     

液膜法富集镉（Ⅱ）与测定镀液中微量镉

用Ｐ２１５－ＴＯＰＯ－ＳＰＡＮ８０－液体石蜡－煤油－内相（ＨＣｌ溶液）乳状液膜体系研究了Ｃｄ（２＋）的迁移行为，只有Ｃｄ~２能与各种阳离子得到满意的分离。最佳液膜体系为４％Ｐ２１５、２％ＴＯＰＯ、５％　ＳＰＡＮ８０、４％液体石蜡、８５％　煤油和内相（４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ）。确定了分离与富集镉（Ⅱ）的最优实验条件，Ｒｏｉ＝１：１（油内比），Ｒｅｗ＝２０：１２０（乳水比）。用此法已成功地测定镀液和工业废水中微量镉，其回收率为９９．４％以上，相对标准偏差在３．７％以下，结果满意。     

液膜法富集镉（II）与测定镀液中微量镉

用Ｐ２１５－ＴＯＰＯ－ＳＰＡＮ８０－液体石蜡－内相（ＨＣｌ溶液）乳状液膜体系研究了Ｃｄ＾２＋的迁移行为，只有Ｃｄ＾２＋能与各种阳离子得到满意的分离。最佳液膜体系为４％Ｐ２１５、２％ＴＯＰＯ、５％ＳＰＡＮ８０、４％液体石蜡、８５％煤油和内相（４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣＬ）。确定了分离与富集镉（Ⅱ）的最优实验条件，Ｒｏｉ＝１：１（油内比），Ｒｅｗ＝２０：１２０（乳水比）。用此法已成功地测定镀液和工业废水中微量     

磷酸三丁酯为载体的乳状液膜体系迁移钇(Ⅲ)的研究

本文用磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）－ＬＭＳ－２磺化煤油乳状液膜体系研究了Ｙ（Ⅲ）的迁移行为。当膜相组成为５．０％ＴＢＰ的２．０％ＬＭＳ－２,内相为０．１０ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３ＮａＨＣＯ３,外相含６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３,ＮＨ４ＮＯ３,酸度为ｐＨ＝３时,Ｙ能快速并完全迁移。     

液膜分离富集测定水中痕量铀

用P291[二(二异丁基甲基)磷酸]、TRPO(三烷基氧膦)协同流动载体,N205为表面活性剂,液体石蜡为膜的增强剂,磺化煤油为溶剂,H_2SO_4溶液作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移富集铀(Ⅵ)。研究了乳状液膜的稳定性、温度、铀的浓度、外相pH值、乳水比、油内比等因素对富集铀的影响。实验表明,在此适宜条件下铀的迁移富集率可达99.5％～100.4％。此情况下,常见共存离子如Fe~(3+)、Th~(4+)、Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、La~(3+)、Y~(3+)、V~(5+)、Mn~(2+)、Mo~(6+)、W~(6+)、Zn~(2+)、Ti~(4+)、Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)等,大量稀土(∑RE~(3+)),碱金属和碱土金属离子都不迁移富集。Cl~-、F~-、NO_3~-、CiO_4~-、SO_4~(2-)、CO_3~(2-)、SiO_3~(2-)、PO_4~(3-)等也不影响迁移富集。只有铀(Ⅵ)能与这些离子得到满意的分离。此法已用于富集测定水和废水中的痕量铀,结果令人满意。     

液膜分离富集、测定苯胺

用TOPO[(C_8H_(17))_3PO,三辛基氧化膦]、L113B(双烯基丁二酰亚胺)液体石蜡、磺化煤油和内相HCl水溶液乳状液膜体系,研究了苯胺迁移富集行为。实验表明,在适宜条件下,苯胺迁移富集率在99.5％～100.4％之间。在此情况下,常见共存阴阳离子,都不影响或不透过这乳状液膜。只有苯胺可与常见阴阳离子得到满意的分离。此法用于水和工业废水中苯胺的富集测定,RSD在1.1％～4.6％范围内,结果比较满意。     

乳状液膜分离富集氟离子的应用研究

乳状液膜在分离富集溶液中的微量物质方面获得广泛的应用,本文研究了其对溶液中氟离子的分离富集效果,确定了制备稳定乳状液膜的条件：乳化剂（T-154）∶膜增强剂（液体石蜡）∶溶剂（煤油）=3∶2∶95（体积比）,内水相为3%的Al2(SO4)3溶液,油内比为1∶0.6;讨论了分离富集条件,包括乳水比、溶液pH值、搅拌速度和富集时间等因素;应用于环境水样中氟离子的测定,加标回收率为96%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD（n=6）为2.0%～4.8%,结果令人满意。指出该方法操作简单、成本低、效率高,可用于分离富集废水中的氟离子。     

磷酸三丁酯为载体的乳状液膜体系迁移钇(Ⅲ)的研究

用磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）－ＬＭＳ－２－磺化煤油乳状液膜体系研究了Ｙ（Ⅲ）的迁移行为。当膜相体积分数为５．０％ＴＢＰ和２．０％ＬＭＳ－２,内相为０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨＣＯ３,外相含６ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４ＮＯ３,酸度为ｐＨ＝３时,Ｙ（Ⅲ）能快速并完全迁移。常见过渡元素离子如Ｆｅ２＋,Ｃｏ２＋,Ｎｉ２＋,Ｍｎ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋等均不迁移,故可以从这些离子的混合液中分离Ｙ（Ⅲ）,回收率可达９８％以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.