基于小波包分析的激光雷达信号消噪算法的研究

针对激光雷达回波信号所含噪声的特点,提出并详细论述了一种能够对激光雷达回波信号进行有效消噪的小波包平均阈值变换方法。该方法通过求取最优小波包基的每个结点的阈值,并进行平均后作为全局阈值来实现小波包消噪。为了验证该方法的有效性,对包含高斯白噪声的模拟信号进行了仿真消噪,并对米氏散射激光雷达系统实际探测得到的大气回波信号进行了消噪处理。同时,将该方法与小波全局阈值消噪、小波包默认阈值的消噪效果进行了对比分析。仿真结果和实验结果表明,基于平均阈值的小波包消噪方法能够有效降低激光雷达回波信号中所含噪声,并且其消噪效果明显优于另外两种小波分析方法。     

基于自适应提升方案的回波信号消噪算法研究

采用自适应提升小波方案,根据激光探测系统接收的回波信号特征,提出了一种更新滤波器和预测滤波器的设计方案,从而实现了自适应地调整预测和更新算子,增强了与处理信息的匹配,有效地提高了系统输出回波信号的峰值信噪比.其次,利用激光探测系统中检测的回波信号与噪声特点,给出了一种去噪软阈值的选取方案.将此算法应用于激光探测系统消噪,较好地满足了在强背景噪声下检测微弱信号的要求.仿真结果表明,采用该算法实现的激光探测系统去噪,在抑制噪声的同时较有效地保留信号的细节,重构了清晰的回波信号.     

用于反演云底高度的峰值面积积分算法

反演云底高度是激光云高仪最重要的应用之一,而找到一种能够有效反演不同类型云的云底高度算法是激光云高仪测云的关键。对于厚度比较大的云层测量可根据信号强度和脉冲宽度不同于噪声和气溶胶信号将其分选出来,而薄云的测量往往由于信号强度弱、脉冲宽度小而被忽略掉,为此提出了一种峰值面积积分算法反演云底高度。该算法通过对云回波信号进行面积积分,叠加放大信号中的云层信息,以峰值和面积积分值作为判断准则,通过选取合适的阈值,将云层与噪声、气溶胶区分开来,进而反演出云底高度。经实验验证表明,该算法能可靠地反演半导体激光云高仪探测范围内不同类型云的云底高度。     

基于主成分分析的经验模态分解消噪方法

 针对非线性非平稳信号的去噪问题,提出一种基于主成分分析(PCA)的经验模态分解(EMD)消噪方法.该方法根据EMD的分解特性,利用PCA对噪声信号经EMD分解后的内蕴模态函数(IMF)进行去噪处理:首先利用"3σ法则"对第一层IMF进行细节信息提取,并估计每层IMF中所含噪声的能量;然后对IMF进行PCA变换,根据IMF中所含噪声的能量选择合适数目的主成分分量进行重构,以去除IMF中的噪声.为验证本文方法的有效性,进行了数字仿真与实例应用实验.实验结果均表明,所提方法的消噪效果整体上优于Bayesian小波阈值消噪方法和基于模态单元的EMD阈值消噪方法,是一种有效的信号消噪新方法.     

小波变换在雷达回波信号消噪处理中的应用

分析了雷达回波信号中所含噪声的特点、小波变换的原理,在此基础上着重论述了小波变换应用于雷达回波信号消噪处理的原理和方法,并从仿真试验中验证:将小波变换应用于雷达回波信号的消噪处理,可以极大地改善回波的信噪比,提高目标信号的可检测性.     

自适应阈值选择和小波消噪方法研究

根据加性噪声的特征,应用信号复杂度特征估计信号中的噪声形态,提出一种自适应小波阈值选择方法,在小波阈值消噪中准确估计噪声阈值水平。改进了阈值消噪方法原理,使在消除信号噪声的同时保留信号中的弱特征成分。提出阈值估计的经验公式,通过理论和实践证明了这种方法能够有效地消除信号中的噪声,提取信号中的弱特征成分,并获得最大信噪比。     

基于自适应阈值函数的小波阈值去噪方法

去噪是小波分析的一个重要应用领域,相对于其它方法,小波变换具有对信号时频局部性详细刻画的优势。在信号的去噪处理过程中,如何在削弱噪声的同时又最大限度的保留信号的奇异性特征是信号去噪研究的一个核心问题。该文提出一种基于自适应阈值函数的小波去噪方法,通过调整阈值函数实现在信号小波分解的细尺度上去除噪声的同时又尽量保留信号细节系数,而在宽尺度上最大限度地滤除噪声部分的小波系数。通过对blocks, bumps和水下目标回波信号的仿真实验证明,该方法和现有的阈值去噪方法相比,具有显著的优势,能够在滤除噪声的同时很好地保留信号的奇异性特征。     

基于形态学运算和自适应阈值的心电信号消噪

抑制信号中的噪声干扰,是心电(ECG)信号预处理中的关键步骤.针对传统形态学滤波损失有用信号的缺陷,本文提出了一种基于形态学运算和自适应阈值的ECG信号消噪算法.首先,对含噪ECG信号进行形态学滤波和形态学峰谷提取运算;然后,估算形态学峰谷信号中时变噪声的即时方差,并依据3σ准则对峰谷信号进行自适应阈值处理,保留其中的有用信号;最后,将阈值处理结果与形态学滤波结果相加,作为ECG信号消噪处理的最终结果.仿真试验与实际应用结果表明,该算法不仅可以有效去除时变噪声的干扰,而且较好地保持了ECG信号的特征形态,处理效果明显优于以往的形态学滤波算法,且比基于平稳小波变换的消噪算法更适用于非平稳ECG信号的消噪处理.     

基于小波包阈值法的无线电信号消噪研究

无线电信号受环境、设备等因素的影响,使监测接收机收到的无线电信号被噪声不同程度地污染,影响到监测数据的准确性.信号消噪在通信和信息学领域一直是研究的重点之一,本文介绍了小波包阈值法的无线电信号消噪原理,提出有效的消噪算法,通过仿真实验进行对比,证明了该方法的有效性.实验证明,小波包阈值法简单可靠,能够有效消除噪声,达到还原原始无线电信号的目的.     

激光多普勒信号处理中小波分析的应用研究

文章提出了一种通过小波变换的方式,对激光多普勒信号进行处理,以消除人体激光多普勒信号噪声。首先对小波转换的原理以及特点进行分析,然后分析小波分析在激光多普勒消噪处理中的应用,其次通过激光多普勒信号消噪仿真实验,并对仿真结果进行小波分析,验证小波变换消噪效果,供有关人员参考。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.