大豆蛋白/苎麻复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用化学、填充的方法制备大豆蛋白(SPI)与苎麻(RF)复合材料以改善大豆蛋白塑料的力学性能。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机、熔体流动速率仪等实验仪器研究复合材料的形态结构、力学性能和流变性能,并测定了复合材料的吸水率。试验结果表明,添加苎麻纤维对大豆蛋白的增强增韧效果都比较显著,硬度和拉伸强度对比纯大豆蛋白材料有了很大的提高,并且得到了苎麻增强增韧大豆蛋白材料的最佳用量,当苎麻的用量分别为10份时,复合材料的拉伸强度和硬度达到最佳,对复合材料吸水率的测定也较改性前有了很大的改善。     

大豆蛋白/亚麻复合材料的制备及性能研究

针对大豆蛋白塑料力学性能较差的问题,采用化学、填充的方法制备大豆蛋白与亚麻复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、电子万能试验机、熔体流动速率仪等实验仪器研究复合材料的形态结构、力学性能和流变性能,并测定了复合材料吸水率。研究结果表明,添加亚麻纤维对大豆蛋白的增强增韧效果都比较显著,硬度和拉伸强度对比纯大豆蛋白材料有了很大的提高,并且得到了大豆蛋白/亚麻复合材料的最佳用量,当亚麻的用量为6份时,复合材料的拉伸强度和硬度达到最佳,复合材料吸水率也较改性前有了很大的改善。     

PAPI改性大豆蛋白复合材料的制备与性能研究

以大豆分离蛋白（SPI）和多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯（PAPI）为原料,制备了改性大豆蛋白,再加入聚己内酯（PCL）,经过模压成型制备了改性大豆蛋白复合材料,并对其力学性能、微观结构和热性能进行了表征。结果表明,随着PAPI的加入,材料的力学性能得到很大程度的改善,拉伸强度由9.65 MPa上升到32 MPa,冲击强度由1.36 kJ/m2提高到11.7 kJ/m2;随着PAPI的加入,大豆蛋白材料的吸水性也有明显的改善,24 h吸水率从33.89 %下降到9.77 %;红外光谱分析表明,PAPI可以与大豆分离蛋白发生反应,改变了大豆蛋白的结构,并影响其性能,使复合材料内部结构更加致密。     

聚丁二炔气敏传感应用的研究现状及展望

分析了聚丁二炔作为气敏传感材料的机理，总结了不同结构聚丁二炔衍生物作为气敏传感材料的研究现状。本文以聚氨酯、石墨烯、二硫化钼、纤维素纳米晶等增强材料为例，阐述了聚丁二炔复合材料的气敏增强原理、优点及存在的问题，介绍了如食物腐败的检测、便携腕式传感器等新型传感场合的应用研究。目前，聚丁二炔作为气敏传感材料还处于起步阶段，光学转变机理不明确、侧基改性工艺烦琐、官能团种类有限、易受环境影响失效等问题都亟待解决；未来应拓宽对增强材料的选择，调控复合材料的结构以实现对待测气体的高选择性和高灵敏度响应，更要发挥聚丁二炔复合材料成型工艺简单、与环境相容性好的优点，制备更具功能化的气敏材料。     

花生壳纤维增强PBS复合材料的制备及性能

将废弃花生壳纤维作为一种增强材料应用到可降解高分子材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）中，采用熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/花生壳纤维（PBS/F）复合材料，分析了复合材料的结晶性能、热性能及力学性能，并采用分子模拟对性能的改变进行了验证。结果表明：花生壳纤维的添加并没有改变PBS的晶型，但作为成核剂参与了PBS的结晶过程，促进了复合材料的结晶，缩短了复合材料的结晶时间。花生壳纤维含量为5%时其成核作用最强，使其作为“桥梁”镶嵌在复合材料中，结合分子间相互作用使得复合材料的热性能及力学性能较纯PBS有所增加。分子模拟结果表明了花生壳纤维与PBS形成了C=O…H-O，从而增强两者的界面结合。     

大豆蛋白复合胶黏剂的研究进展

综述了国内外大豆蛋白复合胶黏剂的制备方法,包括大豆蛋白-PF、大豆蛋白-UF胶黏剂和大豆蛋白-丙烯酸酯复合胶黏剂的制备方法,及大豆蛋白复合胶黏剂制备中大豆蛋白表面的改性,着重对目前最常用的硅烷偶联剂和偶氮类化合物两种修饰方法进行了介绍。还介绍了大豆蛋白复合胶黏剂在人造板、造纸等工业领域中的应用,并对复合材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

聚氨酯预聚体的制备及其对淀粉/PBS复合材料的影响

采用聚己二酸-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇酯二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为原料，合成聚氨酯预聚体，其可以作为增容剂，提高淀粉/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)复合材料的界面相容性。研究聚氨酯预聚体软段相对分子质量及预聚体含量对复合材料性能的影响，加入少量聚氨酯预聚体能显著提高复合材料的韧性。结果表明，以相对分子质量为3 000的聚酯多元醇制备聚氨酯预聚体，当聚酯多元醇含量为5%时，复合材料的断裂伸长率从4.19%提高至130.55%,冲击强度从4.01 kJ/m²提高至8.19 kJ/m²,复合材料的韧性得到显著提高，该复合材料未来可应用于餐饮材料领域。     

超级电容器电极材料用导电聚合物复合材料研究进展

导电聚合物作为超级电容器的电极材料有成本低、容量高、充放电速度快和安全性高等特点。综述了以聚噻吩、聚吡咯、聚苯胺等本征型导电高分子材料为基体,填充碳系材料(石墨烯、碳纳米管和活性炭)、无机氧化物、金属氧化物等制备的导电聚合物复合材料,概括了导电聚合物复合材料在超级电容器电极材料应用中的优势,提出制备兼具高比电容和良好稳定性的复合材料是该领域重要的发展方向。     

含纳米碳材料的聚羟基烷酸酯可降解复合材料及制备方法

本发明涉及一种含纳米碳材料的聚羟基烷酸酯可降解复合材料及其制备方法,该复合材料为在聚羟基烷酸酯基体中引入高热导纳米碳材料,在所得复合材料中构成高效导热网络,促进结晶放热的消散;纳米碳材料同时作为成核剂,促进聚羟基烷酸酯基体形核结晶;纳米碳材料还作为增韧剂对所得复合材料强韧化;所述的聚羟基烷酸酯基体与纳米碳材料的质量比为10∶1～2000∶1。与现有技术相比,本发明具有加工性能、力学性能、热学性能高,生产成本低等优点。     

形状记忆材料聚己内酯复合材料性能研究

研究了形状记忆材料聚己内酯（PCL）／超细碳酸钙复合材料的基础性能，研究结果表明，采用超细碳酸钙改性PCL，可以在保持PCL原有形状记忆性能基本不变的情况下，有效地提高复合材料的刚性.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。